Characterization of expansive soils for the foundation of an irrigation canal in the Peruvian Andes, Cabana-Mañazo case

Abstract Alterations in water content in swelling soils cause volume variation, which implies constructive, socioeconomic and environmental damage. This paper characterizes the swelling soil located in an irrigation canal of the Peruvian Altiplano and its behavior of the properties by addition of lime in 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the total weight. Finding that the sample of the station 6+575 has combined presence of montmorillonite clays in a percentage of 13.52% together with the group of kaolinites in a percentage of 1.31%, consequently, it makes expandable clay of high plasticity. The soils of the station 6+250 have the characteristics of kaolinite clay, which distinguishes it as having low plasticity. In the swelling tests the high expansiveness was found, in the station 6+575, which has decreased with the addition of lime. Considering that concrete canals are generally of small thickness it would be important to consider the slightly dangerous effects on irrigation infrastructure.

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Multi-technique geochemical characterization of the Alca obsidian source, Peruvian Andes

Geology ◽

10.1130/g34313.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 779-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kurt Rademaker ◽

Michael D. Glascock ◽

Bruce Kaiser ◽

David Gibson ◽

Daniel R. Lux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peruvian Andes ◽

Geochemical Characterization ◽

Obsidian Source

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Shrinkage strain characterization of expansive soils using digital imaging technology

Expansive Soils ◽

10.1201/9780203968079.ch18 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Laureano Hoyos ◽

Venkat Bhadriraju ◽

Siva Pathivada ◽

Anand Puppala

Keyword(s):

Digital Imaging ◽

Expansive Soils ◽

Shrinkage Strain ◽

Imaging Technology ◽

Strain Characterization ◽

Digital Imaging Technology

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Characterization of halloysite (North East Rif, Morocco): evaluation of its suitability for the ceramics industry

Clay Minerals ◽

10.1180/clm.2018.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 65-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdelilah El Haddar ◽

Elkhadir Gharibi ◽

Ali Azdimousa ◽

Nathalie Fagel ◽

Iz-Eddine El Amrani El Hassani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Specific Surface Area ◽

Fine Particles ◽

High Plasticity ◽

North East ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Ceramics Industry ◽

Tubular Crystals

ABSTRACTA halloysite clay from Nador (NE Morocco) was studied to evaluate its suitability in the ceramics industry. A cross-section involving all the Messinian facies was performed in the Melilla Neogene basin, at the foot of the Gourougou volcano, to establish the origin of the halloysite and estimate its reserves. White layers of halloysite and red clays rich in smectite occurring in contact with basal-reef limestone were characterized by mineralogical (XRD, IR), textural (SEM) and physico-chemical analyses (grain-size, Atterberg limits, DTA/TG, XRF and specific surface area). Ceramic properties were evaluated for halloysite fired from 500 to 1100°C to evaluate technical processing for ceramic production.The halloysite clay consists of fine particles with a high plasticity and a large specific surface area. The XRD investigation revealed the presence of 7 Å non-hydrated halloysite along with gibbsite, alunite, K-feldspar and traces of smectite and illite.The presence of halloysite was confirmed from the characteristic IR bands at 3695 and 3618 cm−1and the predominance of tubular crystals observed in the SEM. The chemical analysis revealed high contents linked to the presence of Al-rich phases (gibbsite and alunite). DTA/TG and XRD results of fired clay samples proved the dehydroxylation of halloysite and a rearrangement of metakaolinite to form mullite and spinel at 975°C.The Moroccan halloysite might be suitable for refractory ceramic applications. However, addition of quartz sand might be necessary to avoid crack development during firing and to reduce the plasticity of raw halloysite and minimize shrinkage during sintering.

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Processing and Characterization of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy Rivets for Aerospace Applications

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.710.180 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 710 ◽

pp. 180-185 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Niraj Nayan ◽

S.V.S. Narayana Murty ◽

Alok Agarwal ◽

S.C. Sharma ◽

P.P. Sinha

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Aluminium Alloy ◽

Cold Working ◽

Cold Work ◽

Mg Alloy ◽

High Plasticity ◽

High Shear ◽

Aerospace Applications ◽

High Shear Strength

Al-Cu-Mg (Russian grade V65) alloys are used for riveting applications in aerospace industries due to their relatively high shear strength of the order of 25 kg/mm2 combined with a high plasticity. This paper presents the processing of V65 aluminium alloy rivets from wire rods. It was observed that wire rods which have not been intermittently annealed and having more than 25% cold working prior to heading operation, cracked on the free bulged surface of the head. In view of this, it is recommended that a maximum of 25% of cold work is allowed in the wire rods to be used for rivet fabrication to successfully realize defect free rivets.

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The distribution and characterization of expansive soils in Mongolia

Proceedings of 2011 6th International Forum on Strategic Technology ◽

10.1109/ifost.2011.6021263 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Odgerel Enkhtur ◽

Dashjamts Dalai

Keyword(s):

Expansive Soils

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Characterization of Fixed Strontium in Sesquioxide Gel-Kaolinite Clay Systems

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1967.03615995003100020014x ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 188-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. H. Frere ◽

D. F. Champion

Keyword(s):

Kaolinite Clay

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Experimental Testing and Numerical Simulations for Typical Swelling Soil in Egypt

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.c5470.098319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 4101-4111

Keyword(s):

Experimental Testing ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Test Facility ◽

Testing Program ◽

Swelling Soils ◽

Urban Regions ◽

Finite Element Software ◽

Swelling Soil

swelling soils exist in many developing urban regions in egypt. Most of these urban regions have new huge developments under constructions. The structures constructed on these swelling soils may be exposed to high damage if any significant change in the moisture content of these swelling soils occures, so the presence of such swelling soils represents a significant hazard. Investigation the behaviour of these swelling soils as well as determination of their swelling parameters has become highly necessary. In this paper, intensive experimental testing program has been conducted on some soil samples collected from some of these regions to determine their swelling parameters. Through this experimental testing program, oedometer swell test has been firstly conducted on same soil with two different techniques; namely different pressure method and huder-amberg method. The procedures and obtained results of the two used methods are discussed and compared showing advantages and shortages of each method. After that, all subsequent experimental tests were perfomred using huderamberg method as it demonstrated high superiority in determining swelling parameters. Grob’s 1d swelling law was applied to all obtained experimental results to give exact and complete determination for all swelling parameters. Furthermore, swelling soil has been simulated numerically via the new userdefined swelling constitutive model which has been recently implemented for the finite element software plaxis. The suitability of this model to simulate the performance of swelling soil is verified by conducting a numerical simulation to one of the huder-amberg oedometer tests through the oedometer soil test facility available in plaxis software. Finally, based on the aboveselected experimental approach, swelling parameters were determined from the experimental tests conducted on different soil samples collected from some selected arid/semi-arid regions in egypt. Such test results were summarized and presented as a useful key-parameters of these swelling soils which can be used as pre-determined inputs in any further numerical analyses.

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EVALUATION OF BOUND WATER FORMS IN CLAYS

Engineering Geology World ◽

10.25296/1993-5056-2018-13-4-5-52-61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (4-5) ◽

pp. 52-61

Author(s):

V. V. Seredin ◽

N. A. Medvedeva ◽

A. V. Anukhina

Keyword(s):

Crystal Lattice ◽

Water Mass ◽

Bound Water ◽

Physical Nature ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Kaolinite Clay ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Crystallite Surface ◽

Montmorillonite Clays ◽

Composition Structure

Clays during lithogenesis change the composition, structure and properties, including physicochemical. The result of the thermal analysis was thermograms, on which four peaks of loss of bound water mass were established. These peaks in the author's interpretation are presented as different types of bound water in clays. The obtained experimental data, from the position of the size of the structural elements, allowed to distinguish the following types of water: loosely bound and strongly bound water of the surface of colloids, water surface of crystallites (minerals) and the crystal lattice of minerals. It has been revealed that when the montmorillonite and kaolinite clays are heated, endo-effects are observed in the temperature range up to 900°C caused by the release of H2O and OH-, the source of which is adsorption water and crystal lattice water of minerals. For montmorillonite in the high-temperature range, endo-effects due to the release of CO and CO2 were also noted, which is due to the presence of calcite in its composition. The energy activity of the surfaces of the particles of montmorillonite and kaolinite clays is distributed in the following sequence: the crystallite surface > of the surface of the colloid > of the surface of the strongly bound water of the colloid, which does not contradict the physical nature of the formation of the clay particle. It has been revealed that in montmorillonite clay, the water of the surface of crystallites has the greatest strength of bonds between molecules, the smaller is the strongly bound water of the colloid and the least is loosely bound water of the colloid. In kaolinite clay, the greatest strength of the bonds between molecules is the water of the surface of crystallites, the smaller is the loosely bound water of the colloid and the least strongly bound water of the colloid. In kaolinite and montmorillonite clays, the temperature of the effect and the heat of dehydration of the studied forms of bound water determine the change in the loss of bound water mass in different directions. The results of the studies allowed to quantify various forms of water in clay minerals.

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Ceramic raw materials from the State of Maranhão, Brazil. Part 1: chemical and mineralogical characterization and technological properties of clays from São Luis, Rosário, Pinheiro and Mirinzal

Rem Revista Escola de Minas ◽

10.1590/s0370-44672012000400012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 513-521

Author(s):

José Manuel Rivas Mercury ◽

Gricirene Sousa Correia ◽

Nazaré Socorro Lemos Silva Vasconcelos ◽

Aluísio Alves Cabral Jr. ◽

Rômulo Simões Angélica

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

High Plasticity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Specific Mass ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Heavy Clay

This work involved the characterization of clays collected in the municipalities of São Luis, Rosário, Pinheiro and Mirinzal (state of Maranhão, Brazil), based on specific mass, specific surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC), particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA) and Atterberg limits. Technological tests for ceramic applications were also carried out on compacts pressed under 20 MPa and heat-treated at 850, 950, 1050, 1150 and 1250ºC. Our results indicated that two of the clays composed of kaolinite, quartz, and anatase with high plasticity limits, have excellent properties and can be used in the whiteware industry. The other ones are red-firing clays and have a mineralogical composition of quartz, kaolin, feldspar, montmorillonite, hematite and goethite. The latter showed low and moderate values of plasticity, which makes them suitable for the production of heavy clay products.

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