scholarly journals Biology and life tables of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) as parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
Oktaviani ◽  
N Maryana ◽  
Pudjianto
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Telenomus Remus

Abstract Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), is an endoparasitoid on eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). S. frugiperda. The information of T. remus as a natural enemy of S. frugiperda is very limited. The research objective is to determine some biological aspects of T. remus, i.e. longevity, fecundity, and life table variables. The demographic statistics using the jackknife method. T. remus is collected from the field identified as T. remus. The immature stage of T. remus reached 8.13 days, the longevity of the male was 10.07 days, while a female was 10.29 days with a fecundity of 75 eggs, and a sex ratio of male and female was 1:2.16. T. remus life table, i.e. gross reproduction rate (GRR) was 74.67 individuals/generation, net reproduction rate (R0) was 45260.60 females/females/generation, with generation period (T) was 8.62 days, and intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 1.24 females/female/day. The success parasitization of T. remus reaches 91%.

Ambient Humidity Affects Development, Survival, and Reproduction of the Invasive Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei He ◽  
Shengyuan Zhao ◽  
Abid Ali ◽  
Shishuai Ge ◽  
Kongming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Ambient Humidity ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Population Forecasting ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Ambient humidity can directly affect the water balance in insects. The migratory fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, has spread to more than 60 countries and regions in Africa, Asia, and Oceania that have a great difference in average ambient humidity. Understanding the effects of ambient humidity changes on its development, survival, and reproduction can help to predict its population dynamics in different habitats. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of atmospheric relative humidity (RH) on the development, survival, and reproduction and soil moisture on the pupation and emergence of fall armyworm. As a result, survival and pupal mass increased significantly with increasing RH. Among the five RHs tested, 80% RH was the most suitable for fall armyworm with the highest intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0). The population growth at the different RHs in decreasing order was 80 > 100 > 60 > 40 > 20%. A relative moisture (RM) of soil from 6.80 to 47.59% was suitable for fall armyworm pupation, survival, and eclosion, but fall armyworm could not pupate normally in soil with 88.39 and 95.19% RM. The survival and emergence rate of fall armyworm pupae were reduced by irrigation that increased the RM after the mature larvae entered the soil. These findings may be helpful for refining laboratory rearing protocols, population forecasting, and management of fall armyworm.

Development and Fitness of the Parasitoid, Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), on the B and Q of the Sweetpotato Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 2597-2603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan He ◽  
Yicong Liu ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Youjun Zhang ◽  
Qingjun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Encarsia Formosa ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Encarsia formosa Gahan is an important endoparasitoid of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius. In the present study, we compared the fitness and population parameters of E. formosa when parasitizing the two most invasive and destructive whitefly species in China, the B and Q of B. tabaci. We also studied whether natal host influenced on parasitism and host-feeding capacities of E. formosa on B. tabaci B versus Q. Age–stage life table analysis indicated that E. formosa developmental duration was shorter, fecundity was higher, and longevity was greater on B. tabaci B than on Q. The life table parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproduction rate (R0), and the mean generation time (T), indicated that the fitness of E. formosa on B. tabaci B is higher than B. tabaci Q. We also found that the host species used to rear E. formosa affected the parasitoid’s subsequent parasitism and host feeding on B. tabaci B and Q. When E. formosa were reared on B. tabaci B, its subsequent parasitism rate on third-instar nymphs was significantly higher on B. tabaci B than on Q. These results will be useful for managing the biological control of B. tabaci in the field.

scholarly journals Biology and life table of Trichogramma chilotraeae, Egg parasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
L Sari ◽  
N Maryana ◽  
P Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract Spodoptera frugiperda is a species of armyworm that attacks maize crops globally and is a dangerous new invasive pest in Indonesia. Biological control, which employs natural enemies, is one method of controlling this pest. One of the natural enemies found in the field is the egg parasitoid of the Trichogrammatidae family. This study aimed to determine the reproductive capacity of the parasitoid on S. frugiperda eggs. The tested parasitoids were collected from S. frugiperda eggs on corn cultivations in Tenjolaya Village, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. The identification results showed that the parasitoid species used in this study was Trichogramma chilotraeae. The development periods of eggs, first instar larvae, second instar larvae, and pupae in the laboratory were 1.16 days, 1.18 days, 1.39 days, and 3.28 days, respectively. The reproductive capacity of T. chilotraeae on S. frugiperda eggs, referred to as the net reproduction rate (Ro), was 28.13, gross reproduction rate (GRR) was 30.43. the average time for one generation (T) was 9.07. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 5.54, and Doubling time (DT) was 1.88. Thus, the egg parasitoid of T. chilotraeae was not very effective as a potential biological agent for S. frugiperda.

scholarly journals Demography of Cacopsylla chinensis (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) Reared on Four Cultivars of Pyrus bretschneideri (Rosales: Rosaceae) and P. communis Pears With Estimations of Confidence Intervals of Specific Life Table Statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2343-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingfeng Wei ◽  
Hsin Chi ◽  
Yongfu Guo ◽  
Xianwei Li ◽  
Longlong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Finite Rate ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Net Reproduction

Abstract The psyllid Cacopsylla chinensis (Yang & Li) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a serious pest of pears in China. To determine and contrast the fitness of the psyllid on two endemic cultivars of Pyrus bretschneideri (i.e., BHXS and BSL) and two introduced cultivars of Pyrus communis (i.e., CB and CRB), we analyzed data on the development, survival, and fecundity from C. chinensis individuals reared on the four cultivars. The age-stage, two-sex life table theory was used in order to enable the inclusion of males in the analysis as well as a means of identifying the variation in developmental durations among individuals. Results indicated that C. chinensis can successfully develop and reproduce on all four pear cultivars. However, based on the lower preadult survival rate, longer preadult duration, longer total preoviposition period (TPOP), and lower fecundity that occurred on both cultivars of P. communis, these two cultivars are less favorable hosts for C. chinensis than the P. bretschneideri cultivars. The lower intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0) on CB and CRB pears showed these two introduced cultivars are more resistant to C. chinensis than the endemic BHXS and BSL pears. These resistant cultivars would be appropriate candidates for managing C. chinensis. We used the bootstrap technique to estimate the uncertainty of the population parameters (r, λ, R0, etc.), while also demonstrating that it can be used for estimating the 0.025 and 0.975 percentile confidence intervals of the age of survival rate.

Temperature-dependent life history of Eutetranychus africanus (Acari: Tetranychidae) on papaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490
Author(s):  
Ming-ying Lin ◽  
Chin-hsing Lin ◽  
Yen-po Lin ◽  
Ching-tzu Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Developmental Duration ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
History Of ◽  
Net Reproduction

This study was conducted to further understand the biology of Eutetranychus africanus Tucker, a newly invasive pest mite in Taiwan that can cause serious damage to papaya. We report the life history of E. africanus on papaya in laboratory conditions at 12, 17, 22, 27 and 32 ± 0.5 °C, with 70 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of L12: D12. Eggs did not hatch at 12 °C. Both developmental duration and longevity were significantly shortened with the increase of temperature. The longest and shortest developmental durations of the immature stage were 37.28 days at 17 °C and 8.70 days at 32 °C, respectively. The longevity of both sexes varied similarly with the change in temperature, with shorter lifespan in males: Females survived for 3.64 days (shortest) at 32 °C to 17.50 days (longest) at 17 °C, whereas males survived for 11.00 days (longest) at 17 °C to 2.57 days (shortest) at 32 °C. The differences in fecundity were significant among all tested temperatures, with 17.61 eggs/female at 27 °C being the highest. The low developmental threshold and thermal summation of the full immature stage were 11.48 °C and 163.93 degree-days, respectively. In two-sex life table analysis, population parameters were significantly affected by temperature except the net reproduction rate. The highest intrinsic rate of increase was 0.1221 day−1 at 27 °C; the average generation time was the shortest (12.61 days) at 32 °C and the longest (48.70 days) at 17 °C. The highest net reproduction rate was 5.06 eggs/female at 27 °C. This report contributes background knowledge to the management of the damage caused by E. africanuson papaya.This study was conducted to further understand the biology of Eutetranychus africanus Tucker, a newly invasive pest mite in Taiwan that can cause serious damage to papaya. We report the life history of E. africanus on papaya in laboratory conditions at 12, 17, 22, 27 and 32 ± 0.5 °C, with 70 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of L12: D12. Eggs did not hatch at 12 °C. Both developmental duration and longevity were significantly shortened with the increase of temperature. The longest and shortest developmental durations of the immature stage were 37.28 days at 17 °C and 8.70 days at 32 °C, respectively. The longevity of both sexes varied similarly with the change in temperature, with shorter lifespan in males: Females survived for 3.64 days (shortest) at 32 °C to 17.50 days (longest) at 17 °C, whereas males survived for 11.00 days (longest) at 17 °C to 2.57 days (shortest) at 32 °C. The differences in fecundity were significant among all tested temperatures, with 17.61 eggs/female at 27 °C being the highest. The low developmental threshold and thermal summation of the full immature stage were 11.48 °C and 163.93 degree-days, respectively. In two-sex life table analysis, population parameters were significantly affected by temperature except the net reproduction rate. The highest intrinsic rate of increase was 0.1221 day−1 at 27 °C; the average generation time was the shortest (12.61 days) at 32 °C and the longest (48.70 days) at 17 °C. The highest net reproduction rate was 5.06 eggs/female at 27 °C. This report contributes background knowledge to the management of the damage caused by E. africanus on papaya.

Demography of Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at outdoor fluctuating temperatures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bo-Liao Li ◽  
Mei-Mei Li ◽  
Tian-Tian Li ◽  
Jun-Xiang Wu ◽  
Xiang-Li Xu
Keyword(s):  
Larval Instar ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Immature Stage ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Mythimna Separata ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Table Data ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Fluctuating Temperatures

Abstract The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major migratory pest of cereal crops in East Asia, South Asia and Australia. To comprehensively understand the ecological tolerance of M. separata, we collected life table data of individuals from four consecutive generations reared under outdoor natural fluctuating temperatures from 15 April to 17 October 2018 in Yangling, Shaanxi, China. The results showed that the immature stage in early summer and summer were shorter than in spring and autumn. High mortality in late larval instar and pupal stages was observed in the summer generation. The adult pre-oviposition period in autumn was longer than the other seasons. The population in the earlier two seasons had heavier pupae and higher fecundity than the population in the latter two seasons. The intrinsic rate of increase and the finite rate of increase was the highest in early summer (r = 0.1292 day−1, λ = 1.1391 day−1), followed by spring (r = 0.1102 day−1, λ = 1.1165 day−1), and was the lowest in summer (r = 0.0281 day−1, λ = 1.0293 day−1). The results of this study would be useful to predict the population dynamics of M. separata and deepen our standing of the adaptiveness of this migratory pest in natural fluctuating ambient environments.

scholarly journals The effects of some botanical insecticides and pymetrozine on life table parameters of silver leaf whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reihaneh Barati ◽  
Gholamreza Golmohammadi ◽  
Hamid Ghajarie ◽  
Mehdi Zarabi ◽  
Raziyeh Mansouri
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Life Table Parameters ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

The objective of this research was to assess the effects of extracts of two medicinal plant species: Allium sativum (Linn) and Calotropis procera (Aiton), and a formulation containing azadirachtin on life table parameters of silver leaf whitefly (SLW), Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), grown on greenhouse tomato plants. The effects were compared to that of pymetrozine, a synthetic insecticide. Bioassays were carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions of 27 ? 2?C, R.H. of 55 ? 5% and 16:8 h (L:D) photo period. All treatments significantly affected the survivorship and fertility of SLW female adults, reducing the net reproduction rate, mean generation time and intrinsic rate of increase of this insect. The net reproductive rate [R0] values for the populations treated with garlic extract, milkweed extract, pymetrozine, azadirachtin, control for extracts (ethanol + distilled water) and control for pesticides (distilled water) were 23.58, 19.32, 10.78, 8.23, 49.66, 57.55; the intrinsic rate of increases [rm] were 0.134, 0.139, 0.110, 0.090, 0.177, 0.178; the mean generation times [T] were 23.49, 21.23, 21.66, 23.50, 22.06, 22.69; the doubling times [DT] were 5.14, 4.95, 6.27, 7.56, 3.91, 3.87, and the finite rates of increase [?] were 1.144, 1.149, 1.116, 1.094, 1.193, 1.195, respectively. Azadirachtin had the highest effect on the life table parameters of SLW. Our findings indicated that, although herbal extracts were not effective as much as the chemical insecticides, they can be effective in pest control. Therefore, they are suitable choices for replacing chemical insecticides and for alternative use with azadirachtin in SLW IPM program.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and humidity on the bionomics of six African egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kalyebi ◽  
W.A. Overholt ◽  
F. Schulthess ◽  
J.M. Mueke ◽  
S. Sithanantham
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

AbstractThe life table statistics of six native Kenyan species/strains ofTrichogrammaandTrichogrammatoideawere established using a factitious hostCorcyra cephalonica, Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), at eight different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 28, 30, 32 and 35°C) and two humidity levels (40–50 and 70–80%). The objective was to select insects with superior attributes for augmentative release against lepidopteran pests in horticultural crops. Both temperature and humidity affected developmental time and life table parameters of the parasitoids but temperature played a more critical role. Developmental time was inversely related to temperature. The intrinsic and finite rates of increase increased with temperature up to 30°C. Both net reproduction rate and intrinsic rate of increase were higher at the lower humidity. Temperature inversely affected generation time of parasitoid strains regardless of the relative humidity. Two strains ofTrichogrammasp. nr.mwanzaicollected from both low and medium altitudes andTrichogrammatoideasp. nr.luteafrom the mid-altitudes, were better adapted to both low and high temperatures than the other strains, as indicated by the high intrinsic and net reproductive rates, at both humidity levels. These three strains appear to be promising candidates for augmentation biocontrol against the African bollwormHelicoverpa armigerain Kenya.

scholarly journals Bisexual and oedipal reproduction of Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari, Macrochelidae) feeding on Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae) eggs

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-441
Author(s):  
Sara Farahi ◽  
Parviz Shishehbor ◽  
Alireza Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Life Table ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Life Table Method ◽  
Table Method ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) is a predatory mesostigmatic mite that inhabits different manure microhabitats and preys mostly on housefly (Musca domestica L.) eggs. When a virgin female colonizes a new manure substrate, it produces male offspring through parthenogenesis (arrhenotoky); when her sons reach maturity, oedipal mating takes place and the female begins to produce bisexual offspring. In order to examine the consequence of oedipal reproduction on population development, we designed two separate experiments to compare life history traits and life table parameters of oedipal versus bisexual cohorts of M. muscaedomesticae, using the age-stage, two sex life table method. Experiments were conducted at 28 +/- 1 °C, using a photoperiod of 14:10 (L: D) h, and 65 +/- 5% relative humidity, with housefly eggs used to feed mites. Mean adult female longevity was 38.63 days, and fecundity 128.51 offspring under bisexual reproduction, and 37.48 days and 68.23 offspring under oedipal reproduction. In the bisexual cohort, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), the finite rate of increase (λ), the net reproduction rate (R0), the gross reproductive rate (GRR) and the mean generation time (T) of M. muscaedomesticae were 0.2938 d-1, 1.3415 d-1, 54.216 offspring/individual, 77.7 offspring/individual and 13.5885 days, respectively. Because only male eggs were produced during the first 5.62 days (on average) of the oviposition period in the oedipal cohort, it was theoretically incorrect to compute the population parameters using the survival and fecundity values for this group, even though bisexual reproduction did occur after this period. Our findings determined that the effect of oedipal reproduction could be correctly defined and analyzed by using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. Our results demonstrated that virgin females are able to produce and copulate with their sons (oedipal mating), which then allows those females to produce both sexes. This reproductive system can enable this valuable natural enemy to considerably extend its distribution potential.

scholarly journals Biological aspects of the two-spotted spider mite on strawberry plants under silicon application

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Edenilson B Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Aparecida Castellani ◽  
Daniel Júnior de Andrade ◽  
Renato de M Prado ◽  
Larissa Adelita SC Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Net Reproduction

ABSTRACT Silicon is an inducer of plant resistance to arthropod pests, being a promising strategy for integrated management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of silicon on biological, reproductive and population aspects of parental and F1 generations of the two-spotted spider mite on strawberry plants. Potassium silicate, nanosilica and water were applied to the plants. Two-spotted spider mite females were confined to strawberry leaf disks for oviposition and, after hatching, larvae were observed until the emergence of adults. Once adults had been obtained, couples were formed in order to evaluate pre-oviposition, oviposition, longevity and fertility, with an estimated net reproduction rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase and the necessary time for doubling the generation. Silicon prolonged the duration of some immature stages of the mites in parental and F1 generations, did not affect the duration of the whole biological cycle, though. The periods of pre-oviposition, oviposition and longevity of the parental generation and the longevity and oviposition of F1 generation of the two-spotted spider mite were negatively affected by potassium silicate and nanosilica. The population parameters of the parental generation of the mites indicated that nanosilica is able to lead to a long-run decrease of this pest population.

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