Correlation of risk factors for coronary heart disease in type-2 diabetes mellitus using the chi-square method

Highlight:1. One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus patients is coronary heart disease (CHD).2. The risk factors for coronary heart disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were observed.3. The risk factors of CHD more commonly found in T2DM patients were high-risk age, male sex, hypertension and dyslipidemia.Abstract:Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that becomes a concern in almost all countries in the world, particularly developing countries. Changes in lifestyle and genetic factors are causing the incidence of this disease to continue to increase every year. Nowadays, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) caused by insulin resistance is the most common kind. One of its complications known as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes is coronary heart disease (CHD). Insulin resistance can lead to the atherosclerosis process that is the basis of coronary heart disease. It is said that conditions of hyperglycemia, hypercoagulable state, and high cholesterol can induce the process of atherosclerosis. Besides diabetes mellitus, the other risk factors that increase the incidence of CHD are sex, age, family history, dyslipidemia, smoking, hypertension, and obesity. Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the risk factors for coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of diabetes mellitus patients with coronary heart disease was conducted in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2014. Data were taken from medical records at the Department of Internal Medicine. Incomplete medical records were not included in this study. Risk factors analyzed were age, sex, history of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Results of this study were presented in a frequency distribution table. Results: Based on the data of 70 samples, risk factors of CHD in T2DM patients are found as follows: 44 (62.9%) samples were male, 56 (80%) high-risk aged group, 48 (68.6%) with dyslipidemia, and 50 (71.4%) with hypertension, while 24 (34.3%) samples had three risk factors at once. Conclusion: High-risk aged, male sex, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are more commonly found in T2DM patients with CHD. The more risk factors that one may have will increase the occurrence of cardiovascular disease within 10 years forward.

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Thiazolidinediones: a long way to clinical practice

Problems of Endocrinology ◽

10.14341/probl201157657-63 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

A A Aleksandrov ◽

S S Kukharenko ◽

M N Iadrikhinskaia ◽

O A Shatskaia ◽

E N Drozdova

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Clinical Application

The clinical application of thiazolidinediones has an almost 12 year history. The correction of carbohydrate metabolism achieved by the treatment with hiazolidinediones is associated with the reduction of many risk factors of coronary heart disease and the improvement of prognosis for the patients presenting with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The possible mechanisms underlying complications encountered in the clinical practice in connection with the use of thiazolidinediones are discussed.

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Hubungan Berbagai Faktor Risiko Terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Jantung Koroner Pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v3i1.22 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fadma Yuliani ◽

Fadil Oenzil ◽

Detty Iryani

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity

AbstrakPenyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas utama pada pasien diabetes mellitus (DM) tipe 2 adalah penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) dimana penderitanya dua sampai empat kali lebih berisiko terkena penyakit jantung dari pada non DM. Mekanisme terjadinya PJK pada DM tipe 2 dikaitkan dengan adanya aterosklerosis yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan berbagai faktor risiko terhadap kejadian PJK pada penderita DM tipe 2. Penelitian dilaksanakan di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang dan RS. Khusus Jantung Sumbar pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2013. Penelitian bersifat analitik dengan desain cross sectional comparative. Jumlah sampel 176 orang yang terdiri dari 88 orang penderita DM dengan PJK dan 88 orang DM tanpa PJK. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square menggunakan sistem komputerisasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PJK pada penderita DM tipe 2 adalah jenis kelamin (p=0,000), lama menderita DM (p=0,043), hipertensi (p=0,007), dislipidemia (p=0,000), obesitas (p=0,023), dan merokok (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang sangat bermakna (p<0,0001) antara jenis kelamin, dislipidemia, dan merokok dengan kejadian PJK pada penderita DM tipe 2 dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara lama menderita DM, hipertensi, obesitas dengan kejadian PJK pada penderita DM tipe 2.Kata kunci: DM tipe 2, PJK, faktor risikoAbstractThe main causes of mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients is coronary heart disease (CHD) which adults who suffer from DM are two to four times have the risk of heart disease than people without DM. The mechanism of CHD in DM is associated with the presence of atherosclerosis that influenced by various factors. This research has aims to determine the relationship of risk factors for CHD incident in patients with DM. The study was conducted in the Dr. M. Djamil Padang and Cardiac Hospital of West Sumatra from March to August 2013. This research is an analytic study with comparative cross-sectional design. There are 176 DM patient samples that consist of 88 CHD patients and 88 patients without CHD. The data processing used chi-square test by computerized system. The result showed that risk factors that were related with CHD incident in DM patients are gender (p=0,000), long-suffering diabetes (p=0,043), hypertension (p=0,007), dyslipidemia (p=0,000), obesity (p=0,023), and smoking habit (p=0,000). Conclusion: There are marked significant (p<0,0001) relationship between gender, dyslipidemia, and smoking habit with CHD incident in DM patients and significant relationship (p<0,05) between long-suffering diabetes, hypertension, and obesity with CHD incident in DM patients.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, CHD, risk factor

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