scholarly journals Longitudinal Viral Suppression Among a Cohort of Adolescents and Young Adults with Behaviorally Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Wood ◽  
Elizabeth Lowenthal ◽  
Susan Lee ◽  
Sarah J. Ratcliffe ◽  
Nadia Dowshen
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Point-of-Care Testing to Guide Treatment and Estimate Risk Factors for Sexually Transmitted Infections in Adolescents and Young People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Eswatini

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn L Jasumback ◽  
Sarah H Perry ◽  
Tara E Ness ◽  
Martha Matsenjwa ◽  
Zandile T Masangane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 127 million new cases of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), 87 million new cases of Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), and 156 million new cases of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) each year, which corresponds to 355 (219–606), 303 (216–468), and 243 (97.6–425) thousand disability-adjusted life-years. In low-resource settings, however, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are treated syndromically and many individuals with asymptomatic infection may be missed, especially adolescents and young adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Methods We enrolled patients aged 15–24 with HIV (N = 300) attending a family-centered HIV clinic in Mbabane, Eswatini. Participants completed a sexual history questionnaire and provided urine as well as oropharyngeal and/or vaginal swabs, if sexually active, for testing with Xpert CT/NG and TV tests. Analysis included bivariate and multivariate odds ratios and test sensitivity and specificity. Results Sexually transmitted infection rates were highest (25.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.2–37.3) in females ages 20–24 who were ever sexually active. In patients with confirmed STIs, NG (15 of 32, 47%) was more common than CT (9 of 32, 28%) and TV (8 of 32, 25%). Syndromic screening alone had a sensitivity of 32.0% (95% CI, 14.9–53.3) and specificity of 86.0% (95% CI, 79.0–91.4) but varied by gender. The presence of an STI was associated with reporting new sexual partner(s) (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–6.4), sometimes to never using condoms (OR = 4.2; 95% CI, 1.7–10.2), most recent sexual partner >25 years old (OR = 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3–7.9), and HIV diagnosis at age ≥15 years (OR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.4–8.2). Conclusions Syndromic screening alone performed poorly. Routine diagnostic testing significantly increases STI detection and should be considered in high-risk populations, such as adolescents and young adults with HIV.

scholarly journals Assessment of liver disease by non-invasive methods in perinatally infected Brazilian adolescents and young adults living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

2021 ◽  
pp. 101589
Author(s):  
Aida de Fátima Thomé Barbosa Gouvêa ◽  
Roberto Carvalho Filho ◽  
Daisy Maria Machado ◽  
Fabiana Bononido Carmo ◽  
Suenia Vasconcelos Beltrão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Perinatally Infected

scholarly journals Vitamin D status in a Brazilian cohort of adolescents and young adults with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Schtscherbyna ◽  
Carla Gouveia ◽  
Maria Fernanda Miguens Castelar Pinheiro ◽  
Ronir Raggio Luiz ◽  
Maria Lucia Fleiuss Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Perinatally Acquired ◽  
Brazilian Cohort

Tuberculosis Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus—Positive Adolescents and Young Adults: A New York City Cohort

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Neal D. Hoffman ◽  
Colleen Kelly ◽  
Donna Futterman
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objectives. Adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are at increased risk for tuberculosis (TB), underscoring the importance of early identification of TB infection. The goals of this study were to assess the factors associated with the completion of evaluations for TB in a cohort of HIV-positive adolescents and young adults and to describe the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and adherence to antituberculous treatment regimens. Methods. A retrospective chart review was done for all HIV-positive adolescents and young adults, ages 13 to 21 years (n = 49), seen in a comprehensive care program from January 1991 through December 1992. Data collected included CD4 cell count, HIV clinical status, living situation, substance use history, and the completion of an annual evaluation for TB infection. The evaluation consisted of a tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test), using an intraepidermal injection of 0.1 mL of 5 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative (PPD) and a simultaneous Merieux multitest anergy panel. Chi-square analysis was used to assess the association between the completion of the evaluation for TB and both living status and substance use. Results. Thirty-one (63%) of 49 patients completed evaluations for TB. Of the 31 completed evaluations, 18 were assessed by clinic staff on site, and 13 were assessed by other medical or trained nonmedical observers through community networking efforts. Neither homelessness nor illicit substance use were factors in the completion of the evaluation. Six (19%) of the 31 patients had positive PPD skin test results. Three had medical histories and chest radiographs suggesting active TB, and all were hospitalized for at least 2 weeks. Two had positive cultures for M tuberculosis, although the third also responded clinically to antituberculous therapy. All three were otherwise asymptomatic for HIV infection, with only moderately depressed CD4 cell counts. All three were homeless and used crack cocaine. After the initial treatment as inpatients, none completed treatment within the prescribed time period. Conclusions. The completions of the evaluations for TB were greatly facilitated by community networking, but innovative strategies to enhance both screening and treatment programs, such as training youth service providers in the community to read PPD skin tests, expansion of directly observed therapy services, and youth-centered programs for housing and substance use, need further development. The high prevalence of TB in the cohort underscores the need for providers to increase efforts to identify cases of TB infection among adolescents and young adults and to incorporate HIV risk assessment, counseling, and testing into their practices routinely.

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