Description of The Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ChLIA) Method of HIV Screening Test on The Donor's Blood

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is one of the transmitted infection through blood transfusion. Chemiluminescence immunoassay for HIV testing is performed to ensure the safety and quality of blood product that released. Purpose of the study to identify the result of Chemiluminescence Immunoassay methode for HIV testing to blood donor’s characteristic based on gender, age, blood group, HIV titer, and donation location. The design of this research is descriptive retrospective. There is 11 (0,8%) reactive blood bag and 1.289 (99,2%) blood bag non reactive to HIV, reactive blood bag based of gender is 8 (72,7%) blood bag from male donors and 3 (27,3%) blood bag from female donors. Based on donors age, mostly reactive result are from 41-70 years old is 4 (36,4%) donors, and the fewest is from (under) 19 years old is 1 (9,1%) donors. The majority based on blood group is B Rh+ is 4 (36,4%) donors. The majority based on HIV titer is low titer, 1,0-2,0 is 7 (63,6%) donors. Based on donation location, mostly from mobile unit (MU) is 8 (72,7%) donors over 11 donors with HIV reactive. Conclusion of this study is donors gender, donors age, and donation location had a significant influence on reactive result of HIV testing.

Identifying barriers and facilitators to implementation of community-based tuberculosis active case finding with mobile X-ray units in Lima, Peru: a RE-AIM evaluation

ObjectivesIdentify barriers and facilitators to integrating community tuberculosis screening with mobile X-ray units into a health system.MethodsReach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance evaluation.Setting3-district region of Lima, Peru.Participants63 899 people attended the mobile units from 7 February 2019 to 6 February 2020.InterventionsParticipants were screened by chest radiography, which was scored for abnormality by computer-aided detection. People with abnormal X-rays were evaluated clinically and by GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) sputum testing. People diagnosed with tuberculosis at the mobile unit were accompanied to health facilities for treatment initiation.Primary and secondary outcome measuresReach was defined as the percentage of the population of the three-district region that attended the mobile units. Effectiveness was defined as the change in tuberculosis case notifications over a historical baseline. Key implementation fidelity indicators were the percentages of people who had chest radiography performed, were evaluated clinically, had sputum samples collected, had valid Xpert results and initiated treatment.ResultsThe intervention reached 6% of the target population and was associated with an 11% (95% CI 6 to 16) increase in quarterly case notifications, adjusting for the increasing trend in notifications over the previous 3 years. Implementation indicators for screening, sputum collection and Xpert testing procedures all exceeded 85%. Only 82% of people diagnosed with tuberculosis at the mobile units received treatment; people with negative or trace Xpert results were less likely to receive treatment. Suboptimal treatment initiation was driven by health facility doctors’ lack of familiarity with Xpert and lack of confidence in diagnoses made at the mobile unit.ConclusionMobile X-ray units were a feasible and effective strategy to extend tuberculosis diagnostic services into communities and improve early case detection. Effective deployment however requires advance coordination among stakeholders and targeted provider training to ensure that people diagnosed with tuberculosis by new modalities receive prompt treatment.

Speed Control of D.C Motor using GSM Technique

Electric drive systems employed in several industrial applications need higher performance, responsibleness, and skill to vary the speed. One among the enticing options of the dc motor over all alternative styles of motor is that the relative ease with that speed management may be achieved. During this paper, speed management of dc motor mistreatment GSM technology has been investigated. It's a closed-loop real time system, wherever the feedback circuit is coupled to the motor shaft to produce the feedback speed signal. A mobile phone is hooked up to the feedback circuit that is a trigger. The PWM signal are send to motor driver to vary the voltage provide to motor. GSM (SMS) controlled dc motor is automatic control system which capable of receiving a set of command instructions in the form of short message service and performs the necessary actions like start stop and speed control. We will be using a dedicated modem/mobile at the receiver module i.e., with the robot itself and send the commands using SMS service as per the required actions. The mobile unit which is dedicated at the motor driver is interfaced with an intellectual device called micro controller so that it takes the responsibility of reading the received commands in the form of SMS from the mobile unit and perform the corresponding predefined tasks such as motor start, stop, motor direction and speed control at different levels etc.

Pilot Study to Assess the Feasibility of a Mobile Unit for Remote Cognitive Screening of Isolated Elderly in Rural Areas

Background: Given the current COVID-19 pandemic situation, now more than ever, remote solutions for assessing and monitoring individuals with cognitive impairment are urgently needed. Older adults in particular, living in isolated rural areas or so-called ‘medical deserts’, are facing major difficulties in getting access to diagnosis and care. Telemedical approaches to assessments are promising and seem well accepted, reducing the burden of bringing patients to specialized clinics. However, many older adults are not yet adequately equipped to allow for proper implementation of this technology. A potential solution could be a mobile unit in the form of a van, equipped with the telemedical system which comes to the patients’ home. The aim of this proof-of-concept study is to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of such mobile unit settings for remote cognitive testing. Methods and analysis: eight participants (aged between 69 and 86 years old) from the city of Digne-Les-Bains volunteered for this study. A basic neuropsychological assessment, including a short clinical interview, is administered in two conditions, by telemedicine in a mobile clinic (equipped van) at a participants’ home and face to face in a specialized clinic. The administration procedure order is randomized, and the results are compared with each other. Acceptability and user experience are assessed among participants and clinicians in a qualitative and quantitative manner. Measurements of stress indicators were collected for comparison. Results: The analysis revealed no significant differences in test results between the two administration procedures. Participants were, overall, very satisfied with the mobile clinic experience and found the use of the telemedical system relatively easy. Conclusion: A mobile unit equipped with a telemedical service could represent a solution for remote cognitive testing overcoming barriers in rural areas to access specialized diagnosis and care.

Lymphoedema care in the mobile unit: a service evaluation of patient experience and attendance rates

Background/aims Lymphoedema can be a life-long burden to patients. Value-based lymphoedema services should aim to empower patients and meet expectations of care. This study evaluated the attendance rates and experiences of patients accessing a mobile health unit for lymphoedema care. Methods A questionnaire was shared with all adult patients with lymphoedema at 16 mobile unit clinics in south Wales over 3 months in 2019. Attendance rates and questionnaire data were explored descriptively. Results Out of 417 patients, 175 (37%) participated in the study. Of these, a considerable majority (132/148, 89%) expressed a preference for the mobile unit compared to hospital-based services. Reasons for this preference included ease of access, excellent staff and parking facilities. Non-attendance rates of 8% were observed at the mobile unit. Conclusions Patients favoured attending the mobile unit, suggesting that mobile care is a key aspect of value-based healthcare, allowing services to be planned around patient needs. However, this did not fully resolve the issue of non-attendance. The impact of such community-based services on health outcomes, costs and staff experiences should be explored before widespread adoption is implemented.

EUCENTRE and seismic emergency: technical preparedness activities and response after the central Italy earthquake

The ASA (Advanced Seismic Assessment) module is a post-earthquake technical intervention service, developed over the years by the EUCENTRE Foundation through a series of national and European pilot projects, field exercises, and direct experience, after the latest major seismic events that struck Italy since 2009. The system consists of a service managed at the headquarters in Pavia for the development of damage scenarios, and of a mobile unit for the on-site damage assessments. After the Central Italy earthquake, the Foundation has been involved for about eight months in several activities, including provision of technical support to the Italian Department of Civil Protection, joint reconnaissance with internationally acknowledged research institutes.