Factors Associated with Ocular Injury in Orbital Fracture Patients: Who Requires Urgent Ophthalmic Evaluation?

Purpose.To determine factors associated with the presence of significant ocular injury in subjects with orbital fractures.Subjects.A consecutive prospective cohort of 161 patients presenting to a general tertiary referral hospital with orbital fractures and undergoing initial conservative treatment was identified. Subjects were assessed at time of injury for the need for emergency surgery, and those initially treated conservatively were subsequently followed up by the Ophthalmology Department to assess for ocular injury requiring ophthalmic management at 1–7 days after injury. Associations between ocular injury and age, sex, visual acuity, presence of blowout fracture, extent of orbital involvement, and presence of distant facial fractures were assessed.Results.142 male (average age of 32 [95% CI 30–35]) and 19 female (average age of 49 [95% CI 39–59]) subjects were identified. 17 subjects were diagnosed with significant ocular injury. Ocular injury was significantly associated with LogMAR VA worse than 0.2 (OR 49 [95% CI 11–217,P<0.0001]), but no relationship was noted for age, sex, presence of blowout fracture, extent of fractures, or presence of distal facial fractures. LogMAR visual acuity worse than or equal to 0.2 had a 98% negative predictive value for ocular injury in the setting of orbital fractures.Conclusions.Demographic and nonophthalmic fracture characteristics were not useful predictors of ocular injury in orbital fractures. LogMAR visual acuity worse than or equal to 0.2 is a highly sensitive and useful guide of the need for ophthalmic referral in subjects with orbital fractures.

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The Importance of Accurate, Early Bony Reconstruction in Orbital Injuries with Globe Loss

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1279673 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Craig Birgfeld ◽

Joseph Gruss

Keyword(s):

Bone Grafts ◽

Visual Disturbance ◽

Orbital Fracture ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Fracture Treatment ◽

Orbital Fractures ◽

Facial Fractures ◽

Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽

Orbital Reconstruction ◽

Anophthalmic Orbit

Patients who sustain facial fractures frequently suffer from visual disturbance. Additionally, orbital fractures often involve ocular injury, which, not infrequently, may require enucleation. Yet an anophthalmic orbit does not obviate the need for aggressive orbital fracture treatment. In fact, treatment of the sequelae of the anophthalmic orbit can be difficult and require multiple surgeries. Intraoperative use of a conformer after accurate bony reduction and orbital reconstruction with bone grafts or orbital implants are essential steps to allow for prosthetic rehabilitation of the anophthalmic orbit.

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Outcomes and longitudinal trend of traumatic cataract wound dehiscence in patients with blunt ocular injury

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97723-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chiun-Ho Hou ◽

Yu-Chin Lu ◽

Christy Pu ◽

Yin-Hsi Chang ◽

Ken-Kuo Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cataract Surgery ◽

Wound Dehiscence ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Ocular Injury ◽

Extracapsular Cataract Extraction ◽

Traumatic Cataract ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Longitudinal Trend ◽

Open Globe

AbstractLongitudinal trends on traumatic cataract wound dehiscence are scant. In this study, we present the characteristics of traumatic cataract wound dehiscence using 15 years of longitudinal trend in one of the largest medical centers in Taiwan for a period when cataract surgeries were gradually shifting from extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) to phacoemulsification. All patients with a prior cataract surgery who suffered from blunt open globe trauma between 2001 and 2015 at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan were included. The number of cases per year; type of prior cataract surgery; visual acuity (VA); mechanism and place of injury were analyzed. The risk factors associated with final VA were investigated in patients followed up for ≥ 1 month. Seventy-six eyes of 75 patients were included and all of them were traumatic cataract wound dehiscence with a prior ECCE (65 eyes) or phacoemulsification. The most common mechanism and place of injury was fall and at home in both cataract surgical types. The mean log of the minimal angle resolution (logMAR) of final VA was 2.15 ± 0.88 (ECCE) and 1.61 ± 0.83 (phacoemulsification) (P = .026). The most significant risk factors associated with worse final VA were retinal detachment at the initial visit and low ocular trauma score (both P < .001). Long-term visual outcome of phacoemulsification wound dehiscence was better than that of ECCE wound after a blunt trauma.

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Stain contamination and embedding in electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100141986 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 50-53

Author(s):

Hilton H. Mollenhauer

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Information Retrieval ◽

Epoxy Resins ◽

Image Contrast ◽

Sample Preservation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Amount Of Information ◽

Electron Microscopical ◽

Contrast Information

Many factors (e.g., resolution of microscope, type of tissue, and preparation of sample) affect electron microscopical images and alter the amount of information that can be retrieved from a specimen. Of interest in this report are those factors associated with the evaluation of epoxy embedded tissues. In this context, informational retrieval is dependant, in part, on the ability to “see” sample detail (e.g., contrast) and, in part, on tue quality of sample preservation. Two aspects of this problem will be discussed: 1) epoxy resins and their effect on image contrast, information retrieval, and sample preservation; and 2) the interaction between some stains commonly used for enhancing contrast and information retrieval.

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