Psychosocial and Executive Function Recovery Trajectories One Year after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: The Influence of Age and Injury Severity

Sustaining a traumatic brain injury (TBI) often affects the individual’s ability to work, reducing employment rates post-injury across all severities of TBI. The objective of this multi-country study was to assess the most relevant early predictors of employment status in individuals after TBI at one-year post-injury in European countries. Using a prospective longitudinal non-randomized observational cohort (The Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI (CENTER-TBI) project), data was collected between December 2014–2019 from 63 trauma centers in 18 European countries. The 1015 individuals who took part in this study were potential labor market participants, admitted to a hospital and enrolled within 24 h of injury with a clinical TBI diagnosis and indication for a computed tomography (CT) scan, and followed up at one year. Results from a binomial logistic regression showed that older age, status of part-time employment or unemployment at time of injury, premorbid psychiatric problems, and higher injury severity (as measured with higher Injury severity score (ISS), lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and longer length of stay (LOS) in hospital) were associated with higher unemployment probability at one-year after injury. The study strengthens evidence for age, employment at time of injury, premorbid psychiatric problems, ISS, GCS, and LOS as important predictors for employment status one-year post-TBI across Europe.

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Sleep disturbance mediates the relationship between injury severity and executive function difficulties in children 18 months following traumatic brain injury

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.828 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. e282

Author(s):

S. Edmed ◽

K. Rossa ◽

J. Kenardy ◽

V. Anderson ◽

S. Smith

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Executive Function ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Sleep Disturbance ◽

Injury Severity ◽

The Relationship

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Performance on measures of 'executive function' following pediatric traumatic brain injury

Brain Injury ◽

10.1080/02699050210127286 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 759-772 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Beth S. Slomine ◽

Joan P. Gerring ◽

Marco A. Grados ◽

Roma Vasa ◽

Kathleen D. Brady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Executive Function ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

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Adaptive functioning following pediatric traumatic brain injury: Relationship to executive function and processing speed.

Neuropsychology ◽

10.1037/neu0000288 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 830-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Emily L. Shultz ◽

Kristen R. Hoskinson ◽

Madelaine C. Keim ◽

Maureen Dennis ◽

H. Gerry Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Executive Function ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Adaptive Functioning ◽

Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

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White and gray matter contributions to executive function recovery after traumatic brain injury

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000001446 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (14) ◽

pp. 1394-1401 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

I. Cristofori ◽

W. Zhong ◽

A. Chau ◽

J. Solomon ◽

F. Krueger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Executive Function ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Function Recovery

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Dopamine-Related Genes Moderate the Association Between Family Environment and Executive Function Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/htr.0000000000000564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 262-269

Author(s):

Julia Smith-Paine ◽

Allison P. Fisher ◽

Shari L. Wade ◽

Nanhua Zhang ◽

Huaiyu Zang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Executive Function ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Family Environment ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

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Cognitive recovery and predictors of functional outcome 1 year after traumatic brain injury

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617709990452 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 740-750 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

SOLRUN SIGURDARDOTTIR ◽

NADA ANDELIC ◽

CECILIE ROE ◽

ANNE-KRISTINE SCHANKE

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Functional Outcome ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Cognitive Measures ◽

Related Factors ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Neuropsychological Measures ◽

Cognitive Components ◽

One Year

AbstractOutcome studies on traumatic brain injury (TBI) have shown that functional status can be predicted by demographic, injury severity, and trauma-related factors. Concurrent cognitive functions as one of the determinants of functional outcome is less documented. This study evaluated the effects of concurrent neuropsychological measures on functional outcome 1 year after injury. Neuropsychological data, employment status, self-reported fatigue, and the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) were collected from 115 persons with TBI (ranging from mild to severe) at 3 and 12 months postinjury. Principal components analysis was conducted with the neuropsychological measures and three components emerged. Multiple regression analysis, controlling for demographic and injury severity related factors, was used to test the effects of cognitive components at 12 months on functional outcome (GOSE). One year after injury, 64% were categorized as “good recovery” and 36% as “moderate disability” according to GOSE. Good functional recovery depended on shorter duration of posttraumatic amnesia, less fatigue, absence of intracranial pathology, higher education, and better performance on cognitive measures. The predictive values of Verbal/Reasoning and Visual/Perception components are supported; each added significantly and improved prediction of functional outcome. The Memory/Speed component showed a near-significant relationship to outcome. (JINS, 2009, 15, 740–750)

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Plasma Levels, Temporal Trends and Clinical Associations between Biomarkers of Inflammation and Vascular Homeostasis after Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury

Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1159/000502276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (3-4) ◽

pp. 177-192

Author(s):

Abhijit V. Lele ◽

Bhunyawee Alunpipatthanachai ◽

Qian Qiu ◽

Crystalyn Clark-Bell ◽

Arraya Watanitanon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Cerebral Autoregulation ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Vascular Homeostasis

Expression of inflammatory (interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and vascular homeostatic (angiopoietin-2 [AP-2], endothelin-1 [ET-1], endocan-2 [EC-2]) biomarkers in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) was examined in this prospective, observational cohort study of 28 children hospitalized with mild, moderate, and severe TBI by clinical measures (age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale score [GCS], Injury Severity Score [ISS], and cerebral autoregulation status). Biomarker patterns suggest an inverse relationship between GCS and AP-2, GCS and IL-6, ISS and ET-1, but a direct relationship between GCS and ET-1 and ISS and AP-2. Biomarker patterns suggest an inverse relationship between AP-2 and ET-1, AP-2 and EC-2, but a direct relationship between AP-2 and IL-6, IL-6 and EC-2, and IL-6 and ET-1. Plasma concentrations of inflammatory and vascular homeostatic biomarkers suggest a role for inflammation and disruption of vascular homeostasis during the first 10 days across the severity spectrum of pediatric TBI. Although not statistically significant, without impact on cerebral autoregulation, biomarker patterns suggest a relationship between inflammation and alterations in vascular homeostasis. The large variation in biomarker levels within TBI severity and age groups, and by sex suggests other contributory factors to biomarker expression.

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