Point-of-Care Platform Blood Biomarker Testing of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein versus S100 Calcium-Binding Protein B for Prediction of Traumatic Brain Injuries: A Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Study

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury

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Reply to Comment on Tsai, Y.-C., et al. Association of Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia and Diabetic Hyperglycemia with Mortality in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Analysis of a Propensity Score-Matched Population. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 4266

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18052531 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 2531

Author(s):

Yu-Chin Tsai ◽

Shao-Chun Wu ◽

Ting-Min Hsieh ◽

Hang-Tsung Liu ◽

Chun-Ying Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Propensity Score ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Injury Analysis

Thank you for Eduardo Mekitarian Filho’s appreciation of our work on the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) in patients with traumatic brain injuries [...]

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Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

Nepal Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.3126/njn.v12i2.15895 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 63-66

Author(s):

Bal G Karmacharya ◽

Brijesh Sathian

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Head Injury ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

The Body ◽

Mild Head Injury ◽

Associated Injuries

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

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Effect Sizes for Symptomatic and Cognitive Improvements in Traumatic Brain Injury Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01084.2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Thomas Biggs ◽

Hugh M. Dainer ◽

Lanny F Littlejohn

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Therapeutic Benefit ◽

Effect Sizes

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been proposed as a method to treat traumatic brain injuries. The combination of pressure and increased oxygen concentration produces a higher content of dissolved oxygen in the bloodstream, which could generate a therapeutic benefit for brain injuries. This dissolved oxygen penetrates deeper into damaged brain tissue than otherwise possible and promotes healing. The result includes improved cognitive functioning and an alleviation of symptoms. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to produce consistent conclusions across multiple studies. There are numerous explanations that might account for the mixed evidence, although one possibility is that prior evidence focuses primarily on statistical significance. The current analyses explored existing evidence by calculating an effect size from each active treatment group and each control group among previous studies. An effect size measure offers several advantages when comparing across studies as it can be used to directly contrast evidence from different scales, and it provides a proximal measure of clinical significance. When exploring the therapeutic benefit through effect sizes, there was a robust and consistent benefit to individuals who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Placebo effects from the control condition could account for approximately one-third of the observed benefits, but there appeared to be a clinically significant benefit to using hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment intervention for traumatic brain injuries. This evidence highlights the need for design improvements when exploring interventions for traumatic brain injury as well as the importance of focusing on clinical significance in addition to statistical significance.

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Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion

Integrative Neurology ◽

10.1093/med/9780190051617.003.0005 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 96-122

Author(s):

David Musnick ◽

Shae Datta

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Immune System ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

The Body ◽

Physiological Mechanisms ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽

Methods Of Treatment

Millions of Americans suffer from traumatic brain injuries and concussion each year. It used to be thought that recovery from a noncomplicated concussion was quick and easy. However, recent research has shown that multiple physiological mechanisms may result from a single impact to the head, and worsen with subsequent injuries. Head injuries have been shown to affect different systems of the body, including the endocrine system, the immune system, and maintenance of the gastrointestinal microbiome. This chapter will review these mechanisms, the sequelae of head injury, and the importance of conducting a thorough evaluation. Integrative methods of treatment and management will be discussed.

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Traumatic Brain Injuries: Unreported and Untreated in an Army Population

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usz259 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 185 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 154-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sandra M Escolas ◽

Margie Luton ◽

Hamid Ferdosi ◽

Bianca D Chavez ◽

Scot D Engel

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Medical Care ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Future Research ◽

Treatment History ◽

Anonymous Questionnaire ◽

The Military

ABSTRACT Introduction In 2008, it was reported that 19.5% of service members previously deployed experienced a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Fifty-seven percent of those did not seek medical care. It was suggested that concerns with seeking care involved confidentiality and career issues. Objective: This study addressed mTBI history, medical treatment history, and stigmas associated with mTBI/concussion. Materials and Methods An anonymous questionnaire was developed. Data collection occurred throughout March 2018 in conjunction with Brain Injury Awareness Month activities. Results All 5,174 volunteers were Army; 86% male; 87% were between 18 and 34 years old; 89% had <14 years in the military; 35% had a combat deployment; and 10% reported having one or more mTBIs in their military careers. Of the Soldiers who reported a concussion, 52% sought medical care. Of those not seeking care, 64% reported they did not think the injury required care, followed by 18% fearing negative impact on their career. Twenty-eight percent who experienced an mTBI versus 11% who have not reported that there is a stigma associated with an mTBI. Conclusions Soldiers sometimes failed to report their suspected concussions and did not seek medical care. Educational efforts may increase reporting of and medical screening for potentially concussive events. Future research to determine the ramifications of unreported and untreated mTBIs/concussions is recommended.

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The effects of distraction on prospective remembering following traumatic brain injury assessed in a simulated naturalistic environment

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617706060048 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 8-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

ROBERT G. KNIGHT ◽

NICKOLAI TITOV ◽

MARIA CRAWFORD

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Real Life ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Executive Processes ◽

Ongoing Task ◽

Naturalistic Environment ◽

Prospective Remembering ◽

Auditory Noise ◽

Virtual Shopping

The aim of this investigation was to assess deficits in prospective remembering following chronic traumatic brain injuries (TBI), under conditions of high and low distraction. We constructed a virtual shopping precinct from photographs, sounds, and video segments linked together. The street was divided into halves, a low distraction zone and a high distraction zone (with increased visual and auditory noise). Twenty persons with TBI (7 severe, 7 very severe, 6 extremely severe) and 20 matched controls completed ongoing and prospective memory tasks while “walking” along the street. In the ongoing task, participants were given ten errands to complete with a checklist accessible at any time. The prospective component required responding to three targets that appeared repeatedly. As predicted, the TBI group performed both the ongoing and the prospective components of the street task poorly compared with the controls and was more affected by distractions. The results suggest that the real-life deficits in memory skills reported by persons with TBI may become more apparent when remembering engages executive processes and that computer simulations can be used to construct sensitive measures of practical memory abilities. (JINS, 2006, 12, 8–16.)

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Validation of the scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minor and moderate head trauma in children

European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery ◽

10.1007/s00068-019-01288-x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Sönnerqvist ◽

Ole Brus ◽

Magnus Olivecrona

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Head Trauma ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Head Injuries ◽

Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Initial Management

Abstract Background Head trauma in children is common, with a low rate of clinically important traumatic brain injury. CT scan is the reference standard for diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, of which the increasing use is alarming because of the risk of induction of lethal malignancies. Recently, the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee derived new guidelines for the initial management of minor and moderate head trauma. Our aim was to validate these guidelines. Methods We applied the guidelines to a population consisting of children with mild and moderate head trauma, enrolled in the study: “Identification of children at very low risk of clinically-important brain injuries after head trauma: a prospective cohort study” by Kuppermann et al. (Lancet 374(9696):1160–1170, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61558-0, 2009). We calculated the negative predictive values of the guidelines to assess their ability to distinguish children without clinically-important traumatic brain injuries and traumatic brain injuries on CT scans, for whom CT could be omitted. Results We analysed a population of 43,025 children. For clinically-important brain injuries among children with minimal head injuries, the negative predictive value was 99.8% and the rate was 0.15%. For traumatic findings on CT, the negative predictive value was 96.9%. Traumatic finding on CT was detected in 3.1% of children with minimal head injuries who underwent a CT examination, which accounts for 0.45% of all children in this group. Conclusion Children with minimal head injuries can be safely discharged with oral and written instructions. Use of the SNC-G will potentially reduce the use of CT.

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