scholarly journals Study of Traumatic Brain Injury Due To Recent Earthquake in Manipal Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Bal G Karmacharya ◽  
Brijesh Sathian

The objective of this study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of the April 2015 earthquake who were admitted in Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara. A total of 37 patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services. Collapse of buildings was the commonest cause of head injury. The majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other parts of the body were present in 40.54% patients.Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 12:63-66, 2015

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Aidanas Preikšaitis ◽  
Saulius Ročka

Aidanas Preikšaitis, Saulius RočkaVilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakultetas, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 VilniusVilniaus universiteto Neurologijos ir neurochirurgijos klinikos Neurochirurgijos skyrius,Šiltnamių g. 29, LT-04130 VilniusEl paštas: [email protected]; [email protected] Įvadas / tikslas Pasaulyje galvos trauma patiriama kas penkiolika sekundžių, kas dvylika minučių nuo jos miršta žmogus. Daugiausia asmenų iki 40 metų miršta dėl išorinių priežasčių, tarp jų ir įvairių traumų. Mirtys dėl galvos smegenų traumų sudaro apie 30% visų trauminių mirčių. Ši studija buvo suplanuota dėl to, kad epidemiologinė galvos smegenų traumos situacija mūsų krašte yra neaiški. Ligoniai ir metodai Retrospektyvusis tyrimas atliktas Vilniaus greitosios pagalbos universitetinėje ligoninėje. Buvo ištirta 622 dėl galvos smegenų traumos hospitalizuotų pacientų. Duomenys buvo renkami į asmeninį kompiuterį ir apdoroti naudojant "MS office Excel 2003" ir "SPSS 10" programas. Rezultatai Vyrai galvos smegenų traumą patiria vidutiniškai tris kartus dažniau negu moterys. 20–59 metų žmonės sudarė 72,5%. Dažniausios galvos smegenų traumos priežastys: kritimai (40,7%), eismo nelaimės (20,5%) ir smurtiniai sužalojimai (19%). Lengvų galvos smegenų traumų (pagal Glasgow komų skalę (GKS) 13–15 balų) pasitaikė 67,8% atvejų, vidutinio sunkumo (GKS 9–12 balų) buvo 15,2%, o sunkių galvos smegenų traumų (GKS < 8 balai) – 17%. Remiantis radiologiniais duomenimis dažniausiai buvo diagnozuojama subduralinė kraujosruva (29,1%), kiek rečiau – trauminė subarachnoidinė kraujosruva (19,5%). Net 86,4% baigtis buvo gera (pagal Glasgow baigčių skalę 4–5 balai), 6,4% pacientų, patyrusių galvos smegenų traumą, neišgyveno. Išvados Galvos smegenų traumą reikšmingai dažniau patiria 20–59 metų vyrai. Dažniausia traumos priežastis – kritimai. Vilniaus ligoninėse dažniausiai gydomi pacientai, patyrę lengvą galvos smegenų traumą (GKS 15–13 balų). Net trys ketvirtadaliai baigčių yra labai geros. Pusė žmonių, patyrusių sunkią galvos traumą (GKS 3 balai), neišgyvena. Pasitvirtino ankstyvieji galvos smegenų traumos prognoziniai veiksniai: atvykimo GKS, amžius, vyzdžių skersmuo ir jų reakcija į šviesą, pakitimai galvos kompiuterinėje tomogramoje. Vilniaus ligoninėje hospitalizuojama santykinai daugiau lengvą galvos smegenų traumą patyrusių pacientų negu kitose pasaulio klinikose. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: galvos trauma, galvos smegenų trauma, neurochirurgija, epidemiologija The epidemiology of in-hospital-treated brain traumas in Vilnius city and region AIDANAS PREIKŠAITIS, SAULIUS ROČKAVilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, LithuaniaVilnius University, Clinic of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery,Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Background / objective Every fifteen seconds a head injury happens in the world, and every twelve minutes it causes a death. Most individuals younger than 40 years die due to external causes including different traumas. Deaths caused by traumatic brain injury comprise about 30% of all traumatic deaths. This study has been planned because of the unclear epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries in our country. Patients and methods A retrospective study was carried out at Vilnius University Emergency Hospital. 622 hospitalized traumatic brain injury patients were enrolled in the study. The data were stored in a personal computer and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 10 statistical package. Results The male gender was dominant among the brain-injured. 72.5% of these patients were 20–59 years of age. Most frequent causes of traumatic brain injuries were falls (40.7%), traffic accidents (20.5%) and assaults (19%). Mild traumatic brain injuries (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13–15) were proved in 67.8%, moderate (GCS 9–12) in 15.2% and severe (GCS < 8) – in 17.0% of cases. Radiological evaluation revealed subdural hemorrhage in 29.1% and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in 19.5% of victims. Good outcomes (according to GOS 4–5) were reGBStered in 86.4% patients, 6.4% patients did not survive. Conclusions Traumatic brain injuries in males were three times more frequent than in females. The age group of 20–59 years was prevalent. The most frequent cause of trauma was fall. Mild traumatic brain injuries (GCS 15–13) prevailed in Vilnius among the in-hospital patients. Three quarters of the outcomes were very good. Half of the patients brought in with three-point coma did not survive. The following early prognostic factors of traumatic brain injury were approved: GCS score, age, pupils diameter and light reflex, CT features. It was established that hospitalization of mild traumatic brain injuries in Lithuania was more frequent than in neurosurgical departments of other countries. Keywords: head injury, traumatic brain injury, neurosurgery, epidemiology


2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
Manish Jaiswal ◽  
Somil Jaiswal ◽  
Bal Krishna Ojha ◽  
Sunil Kumar Singh ◽  
Anil Chandra ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction: Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan is the kite flying festival in India. The festival marks the end of winter and the beginning of summer as the sun moves to the Tropic of Cancer bringing with it longer and warmer days. But it turns into a difficult day for those who are hospitalised after suffering from kite flying related injuries. Aims & Objectives: The objective of this cross sectional study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of this kite flying festival who were admitted in department of Neurosurgery on the occasion this year in January. Patients & Methods: A total of 46 traumatic brain injured patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services that day, out of which 18 cases were related to kite flying related injury. Data of these 18 patients were analysed and outcome were measured at discharge. Result: kite flying festival related neurotrauma increase 39% more emergency admission burden as compared to routine days in neuro-emergency ward. Most common cause of head injury among them was fall from roof. Majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other part of body were present in 46% patients. Conclusion: Children were most affected due to unsupervised kite flying on roof and road side catching of kites. Depressed fracture was commonest type of traumatic brain injury. Strict attention to safety measures and parental supervision while flying kites can avoid many preventable injuries to life.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Rustam Hazratkulov ◽  

Multiple traumatic hematomas (MG) account for 0.74% of all traumatic brain injuries. A comprehensive diagnostic approach to multiple traumatic intracranial hematomas allows to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of traumatic brain injury and to determine treatment tactics. A differentiated approach to the choice of surgical treatment of multiple hematomas allows to achieve satisfactory results and treatment outcomes, which accordingly contributes to the early activation of the patient, a reduction in hospital stay, a decrease in mortality and disabilityin patients with traumatic brain injury


Author(s):  
Yu-Chin Tsai ◽  
Shao-Chun Wu ◽  
Ting-Min Hsieh ◽  
Hang-Tsung Liu ◽  
Chun-Ying Huang ◽  
...  

Thank you for Eduardo Mekitarian Filho’s appreciation of our work on the study of stress-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) and diabetic hyperglycemia (DH) in patients with traumatic brain injuries [...]


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Matuk ◽  
Mandy Pereira ◽  
Janette Baird ◽  
Mark Dooner ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
...  

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is of significant concern in the realm of high impact contact sports, including mixed martial arts (MMA). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) travel between the brain and oral cavity and may be isolated from salivary samples as a noninvasive biomarker of TBI. Salivary EVs may highlight acute neurocognitive or neuropathological changes, which may be particularly useful as a biomarker in high impact sports. Pre and post-fight samples of saliva were isolated from 8 MMA fighters and 7 from controls. Real-time PCR of salivary EVs was done using the TaqMan Human Inflammatory array. Gene expression profiles were compared pre-fight to post-fight as well as pre-fight to controls. Largest signals were noted for fighters sustaining a loss by technical knockout (higher impact mechanism of injury) or a full match culminating in referee decision (longer length of fight), while smaller signals were noted for fighters winning by joint or choke submission (lower impact mechanism as well as less time). A correlation was observed between absolute gene information signals and fight related markers of head injury severity. Gene expression was also significantly different in MMA fighters pre-fight compared to controls. Our findings suggest that salivary EVs as a potential biomarker in the acute period following head injury to identify injury severity and can help elucidate pathophysiological processes involved in TBI.


Author(s):  
Dr. Dileep Kumar Jha ◽  
Dr. Rajnikant Narsinhbhai Chauhan

Introduction: In human body there are many causes of the injuries. Among all the injuries head injury is also one of the most important injuries which may cause morbidity and mortality. Craniocerebral injuries or Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as any structural skull traumatic injury with alterations of cerebral physiology as a result of an external force either in the form of chemical energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy or thermal heating. Globally craniocerebral injuries or Traumatic brain injury (TBI)is cause of disability in young patients, especially those  <40 years of age. TBI is classified as mild, with most showing adequate and quick recovery. Nevertheless there are some kinds of TBI which showed persistent disabling symptoms that interrupt with their normal daily routine activities. Brain imaging is very important for the patients who suffer traumatic brain injury. In the emergency services Computed tomography (CT) is recommended as first assessment that provides initial information and diagnosis to identify the need of surgery. It also helps in the following of the patient and the evolution of pathology. Many studies suggest that CT can be used to predict patient outcomes. Computed tomography (CT) is an imaging technique which uses as dynamics of injected contrast material, allows rapid quantitative and qualitative evaluation of cerebral perfusion by generating cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF) and mean transit time (MTT) maps providing clinically important information with stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)and head injury. Aim: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the computed tomography findings sustaining head injury and role of computed tomography scan in head injury. Material and Methods: During the study total 90 patients with head injury were included with different age group from 20 to 70 years old. Glasgow coma score (GCS) range 4–15 (mild head injury: GCS >14; moderate head injury: GCS = 9–13; severe head injury GCS <8) were also included in this study. For all the patients with head injury Computed tomography (CT) image were performed with siemen's somatom spirit dual slice spiral CT machine and a protocol of contiguous axial 5-mm sections through the posterior fossa and a contiguous 10 mm axial sequential scans for the rest of the brain and thinner cuts were also taken whenever required. For visualize any fractures of the skull bone algorithms with wide window settings were studied. After initial resuscitation, severity of the cranio-cerebral trauma was graded with the help of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) into mild head injury (GCS13- 15), moderate head injury (GCS 9-12) and severe head injury (GCS 3-8). Result: Among total patients sixty five (72.2%) patients were male and twenty five (27.8 %) were female with age range from 20 to 70 years old. In the age group 31-50 year group showed highest frequency of head trauma. The most common causes of head injury were RTA (65.6%) followed by fall injuries (20%) and physical assaults (14.4%). Among patients with head injuries Loss of consciousness and vomiting were the commonest clinical features brought to emergency. Out of 90 cases 59 (65.5%) cases showed mild head injury followed by 14(15.6%) cases sustained moderate head injury and 17(18.9%) had severe head injury. In all types of severity of head injury RTA was the prime etiological factor. Out of total cases 31(34.4%) had normal CT findings and 59(65.6%) had abnormal CT findings. Abnormal CT findings were seen in 59(65.6%) sustaining mild head injury and in all the patients with moderate and severe head injury. Out of 90 cases 13 cases with severe head injury had mortality. The most common mode of injury to cause the mortality was RTA. Five patients with severe head injury also had cervical spine injury Conclusion: This study concludes that use of CT in head trauma can finds high prevalence of head trauma related to CT. Therefore CT should be done when clinically necessary that helps to reduce cost and avoids unnecessary exposure to radiation. Keywords: Head injury, Traumatic brain injury (TBI), computed tomography (CT), Glasgow coma scale (GCS)


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahra Kim ◽  
Alyssa Currao ◽  
Jennifer R. Fonda ◽  
Brigitta Beck ◽  
Alexandra Kenna ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: Since 2006, efforts have been made to increase the identification of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in post-9/11 military personnel. The BAT-L is the first validated instrument to diagnose TBIs throughout the lifespan in post-9/11 Veterans. The objective is to investigate the correspondence of the Boston Assessment of TBI-Lifetime (BAT-L) diagnostic prevalence and injury severity of traumatic brain injury with in-theater medical records from Department of Defense (DoD). Methods: A convenience sample of 153 Veterans deployed in 2011 enrolled in the TRACTS longitudinal cohort study was examined. Retrospective review of DoD online medical records to determine diagnostic prevalence and injury severity for all head injury cases during deployment were compared with diagnostic prevalence and injury severity from the BAT-L clinical interview using Chi-square analyses.Results: There was moderate correspondence for TBI diagnosis between the BAT-L and DoD records (κ = 0.42). Sensitivity was 72.7% and specificity was 82.8%. Comparison of injury severity also had moderate correspondence (κ = 0.41). Missing TBI diagnostic data from DoD records was frequent; 43% percent of TBIs reported on the BAT-L did not have any documentation of mTBI assessment or diagnosis in DoD records while 83% did not have in-theater documentation.Conclusions: Diagnosis of TBI via the BAT-L retrospective interview was both sensitive and specific when compared to DoD medical records. However, diagnostic correspondence was only moderate. This lack of diagnostic agreement was related to multiple factors including lack of documentation of injury, differences in assessment tools and goals, and other combat-related motivational factors associated with failure to report injuries while deployed. Several policies were implemented to address underreporting and under-documentation of TBI, yet challenges remain. Findings suggest changes at both individual-level (e.g. service members) and system-level (e.g. DoD/military branches) are needed to adequately diagnose and document all TBI during deployment.


Author(s):  
Adam Thomas Biggs ◽  
Hugh M. Dainer ◽  
Lanny F Littlejohn

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been proposed as a method to treat traumatic brain injuries. The combination of pressure and increased oxygen concentration produces a higher content of dissolved oxygen in the bloodstream, which could generate a therapeutic benefit for brain injuries. This dissolved oxygen penetrates deeper into damaged brain tissue than otherwise possible and promotes healing. The result includes improved cognitive functioning and an alleviation of symptoms. However, randomized controlled trials have failed to produce consistent conclusions across multiple studies. There are numerous explanations that might account for the mixed evidence, although one possibility is that prior evidence focuses primarily on statistical significance. The current analyses explored existing evidence by calculating an effect size from each active treatment group and each control group among previous studies. An effect size measure offers several advantages when comparing across studies as it can be used to directly contrast evidence from different scales, and it provides a proximal measure of clinical significance. When exploring the therapeutic benefit through effect sizes, there was a robust and consistent benefit to individuals who underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Placebo effects from the control condition could account for approximately one-third of the observed benefits, but there appeared to be a clinically significant benefit to using hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment intervention for traumatic brain injuries. This evidence highlights the need for design improvements when exploring interventions for traumatic brain injury as well as the importance of focusing on clinical significance in addition to statistical significance.


Brain Injury ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 1648-1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Rønning ◽  
Per Ole Gunstad ◽  
Nils-Oddvar Skaga ◽  
Iver Arne Langmoen ◽  
Knut Stavem ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-122
Author(s):  
David Musnick ◽  
Shae Datta

Millions of Americans suffer from traumatic brain injuries and concussion each year. It used to be thought that recovery from a noncomplicated concussion was quick and easy. However, recent research has shown that multiple physiological mechanisms may result from a single impact to the head, and worsen with subsequent injuries. Head injuries have been shown to affect different systems of the body, including the endocrine system, the immune system, and maintenance of the gastrointestinal microbiome. This chapter will review these mechanisms, the sequelae of head injury, and the importance of conducting a thorough evaluation. Integrative methods of treatment and management will be discussed.


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