scholarly journals Considerations for Human Blood-Feeding and Arthropod Exposure in Vector Biology Research: An Essential Tool for Investigations and Disease Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 807-816
Author(s):  
Laura C. Harrington ◽  
Brian D. Foy ◽  
Michael J. Bangs
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Vector Biology ◽  
Essential Tool ◽  
Biology Research

Considerations for the Translation of Vector Biology Research

2017 ◽  
pp. 301-307
Author(s):  
Adriana Costero-Saint Denis ◽  
Wolfgang W. Leitner ◽  
Tonu Wali ◽  
Randall Kincaid
Keyword(s):  
Vector Biology ◽  
Biology Research

Bacterial symbionts in human blood-feeding arthropods: Patterns, general mechanisms and effects of global ecological changes

Acta Tropica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 69-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guillermo Jiménez-Cortés ◽  
Rodolfo García-Contreras ◽  
Martha I. Bucio-Torres ◽  
Margarita Cabrera-Bravo ◽  
Alex Córdoba-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Ecological Changes

Human Blood Feeding by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Florida Keys and a Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1640-1647
Author(s):  
Catherine A Pruszynski ◽  
Tanise Stenn ◽  
Carolina Acevedo ◽  
Andrea L Leal ◽  
Nathan D Burkett-Cadena
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Key West ◽  
Local Transmission

Abstract Aedes aegypti L. is considered to have a proclivity for feeding on human blood even when other hosts are available. However, few studies have demonstrated host use by this mosquito in the continental United States, where local transmission of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses has been recently documented. This study investigated the bloodmeal sources of female Ae. aegypti in the subtropical city of Key West and the surrounding county in Florida with the goal of identifying preferred hosts. Blood-engorged Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected from BG Sentinel traps used as part of a routine surveillance program in the Florida Keys (Monroe County, Florida). Bloodmeal samples were analyzed using PCR assays, sequencing, and comparison with reference sequences in GenBank. Aedes aegypti females from Key West fed predominantly on humans (79.6%) and did not differ statistically from females collected from the rest of the Florida Keys (69.5%). Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), considered a host generalist, was collected and analyzed from the same sites for comparative purposes. Females of Cx. quinquefasciatus fed predominantly (70.7%) on birds and nonhuman mammals in the Florida Keys, corroborating the validity of molecular assay breadth and demonstrating that given the same group of available hosts Ae. aegypti selects humans. Our results indicated that Ae. aegypti has a high rate of human-biting in a subtropical area within the United States, supporting its role in recent local transmission of dengue and other viruses.

scholarly journals Considerations for the Use of Human Participants in Vector Biology Research: A Tool for Investigators and Regulators

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Achee ◽  
Laura Youngblood ◽  
Michael J. Bangs ◽  
James V. Lavery ◽  
Stephanie James
Keyword(s):  
Vector Biology ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Biology Research

scholarly journals Human blood microRNA hsa-miR-21-5p induces vitellogenin in the mosquito Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo D. Perdomo ◽  
Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Rhys Parry ◽  
Kayvan Etebari ◽  
Lauren M. Hedges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Proteomics Analysis ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Reproductive Events

AbstractMosquito vectors transmit various diseases through blood feeding, required for their egg development. Hence, blood feeding is a major physiological event in their life cycle, during which hundreds of genes are tightly regulated. Blood is a rich source of proteins for mosquitoes, but also contains many other molecules including microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we found that human blood miRNAs are transported abundantly into the fat body tissue of Aedes aegypti, a key metabolic center in post-blood feeding reproductive events, where they target and regulate mosquito genes. Using an artificial diet spiked with the mimic of an abundant and stable human blood miRNA, hsa-miR-21-5p, and proteomics analysis, we found over 40 proteins showing differential expression in female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes after feeding. Of interest, we found that the miRNA positively regulates the vitellogenin gene, coding for a yolk protein produced in the mosquito fat body and then transported to the ovaries as a protein source for egg production. Inhibition of hsa-miR-21-5p followed by human blood feeding led to a statistically insignificant reduction in progeny production. The results provide another example of the involvement of small regulatory molecules in the interaction of taxonomically vastly different taxa.

scholarly journals Blood meal sources of Anopheles vectors of human malaria in Malawi: Implications for malaria transmission and effectiveness of interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex B Mbewe ◽  
John Keven ◽  
Themba Mzilahowa ◽  
Lauren Cohee ◽  
Miriam K Laufer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Human Malaria ◽  
Anopheles Vectors ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract BackgroundSelection of blood meal hosts by mosquitoes is a key variable in the vectorial capacity of Anopheles mosquitoes for human malaria. Blood feeding on humans is likely to be modulated by use of different types of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and the effectiveness of LLINs is impacted by the relative intensity of insecticide resistance. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that LLINs containing pyrethroid and the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) would lead to a reduction of human host utilization than LLINs containing only pyrethroid and that blood feeding patterns of Anopheles in Malawi compromise malaria interventions.MethodsFemale Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled indoors from May 2019 through April 2020 by aspiration, pyrethrum spray catch, and CDC light trap in rural villages of Namanolo (conventional nets) and Ntaja (PBO nets) in Balaka and Machinga districts respectively. Anopheles species, blood meal sources, and infection with Plasmodium falciparum in the head and thorax of individual mosquitoes were determined with PCR.ResultsOf a total of 6,585 Anopheles females sampled indoors in 203 houses, 633 (9.6%) were blood-fed and consisted of An. arabiensis (44.1% (n = 279)), An. gambiae s.s (16.2% (n = 103)), An. funestus s.s (33.5% (n = 212)), An. parensis 0.3% (n = 2), and unidentified Anopheles spp (5.8% (n = 37)). Of the 541 mosquitoes (85.5%) successfully identified blood meals, 436 (81.0%) were solely human, 28 (5.2%) goat, 11 (2.0%) dog, 60 (11.1%) mixed goat-human, 5 (0.9%) dog-human, and 1 dog-goat. Human blood index and EIR was high in Namanolo than Ntaja (0.96 vs 0.89 (p = 0.001) and 0.11 vs 0.06 infective bites per person per year respectively) despite high net ownership (92%) and nightly use (75%) rates. Relative to host availability, non-human hosts were over selected in the two sites.ConclusionThe use of PBO nets was associated with lower HBI and EIR, however, the wide availability of LLINs was still associated with extensive successful human blood meals by the main malaria vectors in Malawi. The presence of a small fraction of mixed blood meals indicates constrained plasticity of Anopheles vectors to switch to non-human hosts and circumvent malaria control interventions.

scholarly journals Infeksi Virus Dengue pada Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Menggunakan Artificial Blood Feeding dan Deteksi Virus Dengue Menggunakan Teknik Molekular

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Endang Srimurni Kusmintarsih ◽  
Medina Fadli Latus Syaadah ◽  
Edy Riwidiharso ◽  
R Tedjo Sasmono
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Control Study

Abstract. Artificial blood-feeding using the parafilm-M membrane can be used as an alternative solution andsubstitute live animals as a source of blood. This method is not only be used for blood-feeding but also to infectthe dengue virus (DENV) to mosquitoes. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness artificial bloodfeeding using parafilm-M membrane in Aedes mosquitoes originated in Indonesia and determine the positivityof mosquitoes infected by Indonesia DENV-1. DENV-1 was isolated from patient and propagated in Vero cellculture. The feeding was done in cardboard cups after mosquitos have been starved for 4-17 hours before beingfed with human blood. A conical 50ml tube was prepared, and a hole was created in the tube lid. The tubeopening was covered with parafilm. Glycerol was added into conical tube and heated in water bath for an hourat 55oC. A mixture of blood and DENV-1 was made with concentration of 10%. Detection of DENV in bloodfedmosquitos was carried out by using Simplexa Dengue Real-Time RT-PCR assay. The results showed thatthe prevalence of blood-fed mosquitoes reached 66.67% with fasting period for 17 hours. Blood feedingmosquitoes are affected by duration of fasting period, blood-feeding time, and attractants from human skinrubbed into parafilm-M membrane. The prevalence of blood-fed Ae. aegypti infected by DENV was 20.83%.This study provides information on the effectiveness of artificial parafilm membrane blood-feeding in alaboratory setting that will be useful for vector control study in Indonesia.

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