SOD2 Facilitates the Antiviral Innate Immune Response by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Wang ◽  
Yufei Jin ◽  
Ningxiang Zeng ◽  
Qingwei Ruan ◽  
Feng Qian
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Leptospira interrogans Catalase Is Required for Resistance to H2O2and for Virulence

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 3892-3899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad Eshghi ◽  
Kristel Lourdault ◽  
Gerald L. Murray ◽  
Thanatchaporn Bartpho ◽  
Rasana W. Sermswan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Innate Immune Response

ABSTRACTPathogenicLeptospiraspp. are likely to encounter higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species induced by the host innate immune response. In this study, we characterizedLeptospira interroganscatalase (KatE), the only annotated catalase found within pathogenicLeptospiraspecies, by assessing its role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and during infection in hamsters. PathogenicL. interrogansbacteria had a 50-fold-higher survival rate under H2O2-induced oxidative stress than did saprophyticL. biflexabacteria, and this was predominantly catalase dependent. We also characterized KatE, the only annotated catalase found within pathogenicLeptospiraspecies. Catalase assays performed with recombinant KatE confirmed specific catalase activity, while protein fractionation experiments localized KatE to the bacterial periplasmic space. The insertional inactivation ofkatEin pathogenicLeptospirabacteria drastically diminished leptospiral viability in the presence of extracellular H2O2and reduced virulence in an acute-infection model. Combined, these results suggest thatL. interrogansKatE confersin vivoresistance to reactive oxygen species induced by the host innate immune response.

scholarly journals Heme Amplifies the Innate Immune Response to Microbial Molecules through Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk)-dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

2010 ◽  
Vol 285 (43) ◽  
pp. 32844-32851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Fernandez ◽  
Fabianno F. Dutra ◽  
Letícia Alves ◽  
Rodrigo T. Figueiredo ◽  
Diego Mourão-Sa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Spleen Tyrosine Kinase

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: Do They Play a Role in Adaptive Immunity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essen Yonca Bassoy ◽  
Michael Walch ◽  
Denis Martinvalet
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The immune system protects the host from a plethora of microorganisms and toxins through its unique ability to distinguish self from non-self. To perform this delicate but essential task, the immune system relies on two lines of defense. The innate immune system, which is by nature fast acting, represents the first line of defense. It involves anatomical barriers, physiological factors as well as a subset of haematopoietically-derived cells generically call leukocytes. Activation of the innate immune response leads to a state of inflammation that serves to both warn about and combat the ongoing infection and delivers the antigenic information of the invading pathogens to initiate the slower but highly potent and specific second line of defense, the adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune response calls on T lymphocytes as well as the B lymphocytes essential for the elimination of pathogens and the establishment of the immunological memory. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in many aspects of the immune responses to pathogens, mostly in innate immune functions, such as the respiratory burst and inflammasome activation. Here in this mini review, we focus on the role of ROS in adaptive immunity. We examine how ROS contribute to T-cell biology and discuss whether this activity can be extrapolated to B cells.

scholarly journals Drosophila hemocytes recognize lymph gland tumors of mxc mutants and activate the Toll pathway in reactive oxygen species-dependent manner

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzuko Kinoshita ◽  
Kazuki Takarada ◽  
Yoshihiro H. Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
Membrane Components

Mechanisms of cancer cell recognition and elimination by the innate immune system remains unclear. Circulating hemocytes are associated with the hematopoietic tumors in Drosophila mxcmbn1 mutant larvae. The innate immune signalling pathways are activated in the fat body to suppress the tumor growth by inducing antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Here, we investigated the regulatory mechanism underlying the activation in the mutant. Reactive oxygen species accumulated in the hemocytes due to induction of dual oxidase and its activator. The hemocytes were also localized on the fat body. These were essential for transmitting the information on tumors toward the fat body to induce AMP expression. Regarding to the tumor recognition, we found that matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP2 were highly expressed in the tumors. Ectopic expression of MMP2 was associated with AMP induction in the mutants. Furthermore, the basement membrane components in the tumors were reduced and ultimately lost. The hemocytes may recognize the disassembly in the tumors. Our findings highlight the underlying mechanism via which macrophage-like hemocytes recognize tumor cells and relay the information toward the fat body to induce AMPs. and contribute to uncover the immune system's roles against cancer.

scholarly journals In VitroExperimental Model of Trained Innate Immunity in Human Primary Monocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 926-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siroon Bekkering ◽  
Bastiaan A. Blok ◽  
Leo A. B. Joosten ◽  
Niels P. Riksen ◽  
Reinout van Crevel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Trained Immunity ◽  
Training Interval ◽  
Resting Time

ABSTRACTInnate immune memory, or trained immunity, has recently been described to be an important property of cells of the innate immune system. Due to the increased interest in this important new field of immunological investigation, we sought to determine the optimal conditions for anin vitroexperimental protocol of monocyte training using three of the most commonly used training stimuli from the literature: β-glucan, the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). We investigated and optimized a protocol of monocyte trained immunity induced by an initial training period with β-glucan, BCG, or oxLDL, followed by washing and resting of the cells and, thereafter, restimulation with secondary bacterial stimuli. The training and resting time intervals were varied to identify the optimal setting for the long-term induction of trained immunity. Trained immunity was assessed in terms of the secondary cytokine response, the production of reactive oxygen species, cell morphology, and induction of glycolysis. Monocytes primed with β-glucan, BCG, and oxLDL showed increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses upon restimulation with nonrelated stimuli. Also, all three stimuli induced a switch to glycolysis (the Warburg effect). These effects were most pronounced when the training interval was 24 h and the resting time interval was 6 days. Training with BCG and oxLDL also led to the increased production of reactive oxygen species, whereas training with β-glucan led to the decreased production of reactive oxygen species. We describe the optimal conditions for anin vitroexperimental model with human primary monocytes for study of the induction of trained innate immunity by microbial and metabolic stimuli.

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