scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: Do They Play a Role in Adaptive Immunity?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essen Yonca Bassoy ◽  
Michael Walch ◽  
Denis Martinvalet
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The immune system protects the host from a plethora of microorganisms and toxins through its unique ability to distinguish self from non-self. To perform this delicate but essential task, the immune system relies on two lines of defense. The innate immune system, which is by nature fast acting, represents the first line of defense. It involves anatomical barriers, physiological factors as well as a subset of haematopoietically-derived cells generically call leukocytes. Activation of the innate immune response leads to a state of inflammation that serves to both warn about and combat the ongoing infection and delivers the antigenic information of the invading pathogens to initiate the slower but highly potent and specific second line of defense, the adaptive immune system. The adaptive immune response calls on T lymphocytes as well as the B lymphocytes essential for the elimination of pathogens and the establishment of the immunological memory. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in many aspects of the immune responses to pathogens, mostly in innate immune functions, such as the respiratory burst and inflammasome activation. Here in this mini review, we focus on the role of ROS in adaptive immunity. We examine how ROS contribute to T-cell biology and discuss whether this activity can be extrapolated to B cells.

scholarly journals Leptospira interrogans Catalase Is Required for Resistance to H2O2and for Virulence

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 3892-3899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad Eshghi ◽  
Kristel Lourdault ◽  
Gerald L. Murray ◽  
Thanatchaporn Bartpho ◽  
Rasana W. Sermswan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Innate Immune Response

ABSTRACTPathogenicLeptospiraspp. are likely to encounter higher concentrations of reactive oxygen species induced by the host innate immune response. In this study, we characterizedLeptospira interroganscatalase (KatE), the only annotated catalase found within pathogenicLeptospiraspecies, by assessing its role in resistance to H2O2-induced oxidative stress and during infection in hamsters. PathogenicL. interrogansbacteria had a 50-fold-higher survival rate under H2O2-induced oxidative stress than did saprophyticL. biflexabacteria, and this was predominantly catalase dependent. We also characterized KatE, the only annotated catalase found within pathogenicLeptospiraspecies. Catalase assays performed with recombinant KatE confirmed specific catalase activity, while protein fractionation experiments localized KatE to the bacterial periplasmic space. The insertional inactivation ofkatEin pathogenicLeptospirabacteria drastically diminished leptospiral viability in the presence of extracellular H2O2and reduced virulence in an acute-infection model. Combined, these results suggest thatL. interrogansKatE confersin vivoresistance to reactive oxygen species induced by the host innate immune response.

SOD2 Facilitates the Antiviral Innate Immune Response by Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Wang ◽  
Yufei Jin ◽  
Ningxiang Zeng ◽  
Qingwei Ruan ◽  
Feng Qian
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Interleukin-1 Links Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Pathophysiology in Mixed-Pattern Psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Kölliker Frers ◽  
Matilde Otero-Losada ◽  
Tamara Kobiec ◽  
María Inés Herrera ◽  
Lucas Udovin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Pustular Psoriasis ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Mixed Pattern ◽  
Dynamic Relationships

Autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases are characterized by an oversensitive immune system with loss of the physiological endogenous regulation, involving multifactorial self-reactive pathological mechanisms of mono- or polygenic nature. Failure in regulatory mechanisms triggers a complex network of dynamic relationships between innate and adaptive immunity, leading to coexistent autoinflammatory and autoimmune processes. Sustained exposure to a trigger or a genetic alteration at the level of the receptors of the natural immune system may lead to abnormal activation of the innate immune system, adaptive system activation, loss of self-tolerance, and systemic inflammation. The IL-1 family members critically activate and regulate innate and adaptive immune responses’ diversity and plasticity in autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory conditions. The IL-23/IL-17 axis is key in the communication between innate immunity (IL-23-producing myeloid cells) and adaptive immunity (Th17- and IL-17-expressing CD8+ T cells). In psoriasis, these cytokines are decisive to the different clinical presentations, whether as plaque psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris), generalized pustular psoriasis (pustular psoriasis), or mixed forms. These forms reflect a gradient between autoimmune pathophysiology with predominant adaptive immune response and autoinflammatory pathophysiology with predominant innate immune response.

scholarly journals Inflammasomes as Targets for Adjuvants

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Ivanov ◽  
Ekaterina Garanina ◽  
Albert Rizvanov ◽  
Svetlana Khaiboullina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Inflammasomes are an essential part of the innate immune system. They are necessary for the development of a healthy immune response against infectious diseases. Inflammasome activation leads to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, which stimulate the adaptive immune system. Inflammasomes activators can be used as adjuvants to provide and maintain the strength of the immune response. This review is focused on the mechanisms of action and the effects of adjuvants on inflammasomes. The therapeutic and prophylaxis significance of inflammasomes in infectious diseases is also discussed.

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