The Great Experiment: Public–Private Partnerships and Innovation in Design, Production, and Operation of Capital Goods in the UK

2006 ◽  
pp. 73-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Davies ◽  
Ammon Salter
Keyword(s):  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Capital Goods ◽  
Design Production ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Production And Operation

scholarly journals The evolution of public–private partnership in Ireland: a sustainable pathway?

2016 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Sheppard ◽  
Matthias Beck
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
Institutional Isomorphism ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Credit Crisis ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Voluntary Adoption ◽  
Institutional Capacity Building

Ireland is a latecomer to public–private partnerships, having only adopted them in 1998. Prior to the credit crisis, Ireland followed the UK model, with public–private partnerships being implemented in transport, education, housing/urban regeneration and water/wastewater. Having stalled during the credit crisis, public–private partnerships have recently been reactivated with the domestic infrastructure stimulus programme. The focus of this article is on Ireland as a younger participant in public–private partnerships and the nexus between adoption patterns and the sustainability characteristics of Irish public–private partnerships. Using document analysis and exploratory interviews, the article examines the reasons for Ireland's interest in public–private partnerships, which cannot be attributed to economic rationales alone. We consider three explanations: voluntary adoption – where the UK model was closely followed as part of a domestic modernisation agenda; coercive adoption – where public–private partnership policy was forced upon public sector organisations; and institutional isomorphism – where institutional creation and change around public–private partnerships were promoted to help public sector organisations gain institutional legitimacy. We find evidence of all three patterns, with coercive adoption becoming more relevant in recent years, which is likely to adversely affect sustainability unless incentives for voluntary adoption are strengthened and institutional capacity building is boosted. Points for practitioners There are many reasons why public sector organisations procure via public–private partnerships, and motivations can change over time. In Ireland, public–private partnership adoption changed from being largely voluntary to increasingly coercive. Irrespective of motives, public–private partnership procurement must be underpinned by incentives and institutional enabling mechanisms, which should be strengthened to make Ireland's public–private partnership strategy sustainable.

From the Digital-Twin to the Cyber Physical System Using Integrated Multidisciplinary Simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-39
Author(s):  
Daniele Catelani
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Reduced Order ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Multidisciplinary Simulation ◽  
Lifecycle Management ◽  
Production And Operation

Simulation has been a competitive differentiator for engineering-driven businesses, available at all stages of the development process and lifecycle, used by the various domains within an organization, not necessarily simulation experts. It requires discipline integration, scalability, reduced-order model, and democratization. The concept of digital transformation involves new approaches for data and lifecycle management, the understanding of the digital thread, digital twin, predictive and cognitive capabilities, including improvement of model complexity, integration of physics, increase of knowledge. These trends require bringing the physical and virtual worlds closer together and also the adoption of cyber-physical model at all stages of design, production, and operation. To overcome the drawback of simulation and the need to balance the computational effort with accuracy and efficiency, new modelization strategies are adopted with ML and AI, which use a combination of virtual and physical data for training ROM, with an order of magnitude faster than the multiphysics one.

United Kingdom to strengthen cybersecurity nationally

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
A Priority ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Naming And Shaming

Subject The United Kingdom's new cybersecurity strategy. Significance The UK government on November 1 published its Cybersecurity Strategy for 2016-21. The new strategy doubles the previous investment in cyber to 1.9 billion pounds (2.4 billion dollars) during a time of government cutbacks, making it clear that the government regards cybersecurity as a priority. Impacts Despite serious investment, the government will still face a challenge in recruiting those with the required cyber skills. Given the expertise in the private sector, public-private partnerships will continue to be vital for protecting UK networks. ‘Naming and shaming’ cyber aggressors may become more prevalent as states seek to deter further cyberattacks. Governments may also increasingly focus on developing offensive cyber tools that can be used to counter-strike.

scholarly journals Structural Mechanics Aspect of Strength of Composite Reinforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Vladimir Barsukov ◽  
Alla Volik ◽  
Svetlana Sazon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Composite Construction ◽  
Lower Estimation ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Reinforcement Bar ◽  
Production And Operation ◽  
Composite Reinforcement

When operating in wet and corrosive conditions, composite reinforcement is in some cases an effective substitute for the suitable steel reinforcement. However, many questions related to its design, production and operation are insufficiently studied. The aim of the work is to create a methodology and carry out a comparative structural and mechanical analysis of strength indexes when working under load of coils and a bar of composite construction reinforcement. A method has been developed for analyzing the loading capacity of composite reinforcement according to the criteria of strength at rupture of a bar, as well as shear strength and bearing strength of its braid coils. Analytical and numerical modeling of conditions of equal strength of structural elements of composite construction reinforcement was carried out. Theoretically substantiated the assumption of a relatively low loading capacity of the braid coils in comparison with the loading capacity of the reinforcement bar. A predictive estimate of the conditions for ensuring the uniform strength of the bar for breaking and braid coils for shear and crushing by the method of lower estimation (for the minimum values of strength) has been carried out using the example of composite reinforcing bars produced by the industry of Republic of Belarus. In conclusion, results of work are formulated and it is noted that the results can be used by manufacturers and consumers of construction composite reinforcement, also in the educational process in the training of engineering personnel for the construction profile.

Global economic clusters will fuel competitiveness

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cluster Development ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Uk

Subject Economic clusters. Significance Economic clusters are geographic concentrations of interconnected businesses and institutions in a particular field. Being in close proximity, businesses benefit from economies of scale. New clustering of industries is promoted as a means of achieving economic prosperity. Governments are offering incentives, funding and bringing research institutions close to industrial providers. Yet there is criticism that, by over-relying on cluster developments, economies become overspecialised, whereas policies promoting diversification would make them more resilient. Impacts There are fears that cluster development could exacerbate regional and income inequalities. Governments will support new cluster drivers, with public-private partnerships such as the UK Catapult initiatives. Governments will back clusters to commercialise innovation, increasing growth in specific concentrations within a region.

Contractual Uncertainty, Power and Public Contracting

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRIS LONSDALE
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Power Relation ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Contracting ◽  
Public Body ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Public Bodies

This article discusses the concept of contractual uncertainty and assesses its impact upon the ability of public sector bodies to obtain value for money from their suppliers. Particularly in the realm of public private partnerships, governments around the world are increasingly developing specifications that are likely to be subject to contractual uncertainty. Contractual uncertainty is not necessarily a problem in itself, but can be if the public body cannot avoid an unfavourable power relation in its dealings with the supplier, because it is in a poor position to undertake the inevitable post-contractual negotiations. The argument is illustrated with two cases from the UK public sector that highlight the fact that British public bodies are often seeking to manage contractual uncertainty from a position of weakness.

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