Analysis of Supply Chain Super-Network Coordination Considering Risk Function in Emergencies

Economic globalization continues to expand the scope of the supply chain network structure, while increasing its own complexity, as well as the uncertainty of the network operating environment and the fragility of the operating system. An emergency on a single node or line in the supply chain network usually affects other nodes in the supply chain and brings significant risks to the enterprise. The impact of other nodes can cause the entire supply chain network to collapse, especially if the production and operation of a single-node enterprise in the supply chain may be interrupted or malfunctioned, especially in the event of an emergency. It also threatens development greatly, affecting the production and livelihoods of enterprises in the supply chain and people's lives, and has a major negative impact on social and economic development. These emergencies continue to affect the supply chain network, and the originally fragile companies face greater risks. This paper establishes a supply chain hyper-network model considering the risk function under emergencies. When an emergency occurs, the demand in the consumer market decreases or increases due to different emergencies. Therefore, revenue sharing contracts are used to coordinate, build a supply chain network model under emergencies, and solve them to obtain a model equilibrium Solution, that is, the new equilibrium state after the occurrence of an emergency.

INVENTORIAUS SVARBA PRIIMANT KOMANDOS VALDYMO SPRENDIMUS

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of inventory for a management team within a company in decision making. The main goal of the team is to maximize the company's net profit. The paper will describe the most important functions of the inventory for the benefit of society and how last minute decisions can be made regarding important activities within the organization, as well as the positive influence of these decisions. In addition, the paper will include several methods of profit maximization that involve constant monitoring of stock levels and replenishment. Careful supervision like this will prevent losses for several reasons, such as damage to packaging, expired products or even theft. Additional benefits include organized inventory, as well as the most widely used strategies in reducing expenses and increasing sales within a company. The main purpose of this paper is to increase the fact that inventory is not only a procedure that companies are required to follow at least once a year, but also has multiple advantages that can radically change profits. The methodology consisted of an analysis of academic publications and specialized books of the authors: Dorel Mates, Veronica Grosu, Aura Domil, Daniela Pordea and Denisa Cretu, publications between 2018-2020 and lectures and papers by Monica Nedelcu and Constantin Bagu have were also used to understand the stock production process, as well as production management, published in 2017. Inventory is an indispensable step in the production and operation of a business, as stated by experts in their publications.

Evaluation of decoupling of GDP and CO2 emissions in EU-15

Generally, economic growth is accompanied by an increase in energy consumption, which consequently leads to higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions. These, in turn, are the causes of global warming, which is one of the most acute environmental problems nowadays. Decoupling occurs when environmental pressure can be decreased without the negative effect of the economic growth of a country. This study is focused on the investigation of the decoupling of the economy and environmental pressure. The analysis was carried out for EU-15 countries for the period between 1990 and 2014. For the evaluation of decoupling the Tapio decoupling elasticity method was used. This method provides the extent of decoupling of the economy and environmental pressure for each country. The economy was measured in terms of gross domestic product (GDP), while the environmental pressure was represented by CO2 emissions from the public electricity and heat generation sector. The EU-15 countries were classified into three groups depending on the individual reduction targets following Kyoto Protocol. Group I had high values of reduction targets ranging from -28% to -12.5%, Group II had moderate values of reduction targets situated between -7.5% and 0%, and Group III had mild values of reduction targets from +4% to +27%. The results of this analysis show that there is strong fluctuation of the extent of decoupling between GDP and CO2 emissions for each country in the specified period. Therefore, there are no clear patterns of decoupling intensity that can be observed. However, it is important to notice that in almost every country the decoupling between GDP and CO2 emissions was either strong or weak. This study has shown that generally most of the countries achieved some extent of decoupling between the growth of the economy and the pressure on the environment. The countries that showed the decoupling of more than 80% of the specified period are Luxemburg, Ireland, and Italy. For most of the countries, the decoupling was deteriorated by the financial crisis of 2008. Another possible reason for the decrease in decoupling is the extensive use of renewable energy resources. While their application lowers the CO2 emissions, the high production and operation costs constrict the growth of the economy. Sweden, Finland, and Denmark had such situation.

Research on the Debt Default Risk of Guangyi Technology

In the process of production and operation, the funds held by enterprises often do not meet the needs of the expanding production scale, so enterprises usually obtain the required funds by borrowing. However, the financing mode of enterprises is not only limited to borrowing from banks or other financial institutions. With the rapid economic development and the continuous activity of the capital market, the bond market has gradually become an important channel for enterprise financing [1]. In order to improve the layout of the industrial chain, Guangyi Technology has carried out continuous mergers and acquisitions (M&A) since 2013. Due to its limited funds, Guangyi Technology acquired a large amount of funds required for M&A by means of equity pledge. However, the copyright cloud project invested in M&A in the early stage did not achieve the expected results, leading to a frequent breach of equity pledge, which evolved into debt defaults. Therefore, this article takes Guangyi Technology as the research subject and puts forward relevant avoidance suggestions through the evaluation of its debt default risk.

Problems and Countermeasures of Working Capital Management in Company V

Working capital is the premise for the production and operation of an enterprise and the basis for all financial management. The management of working capital has gained more attention by enterprises. The purpose of emphasizing the importance of working capital management is to enable enterprises to make full and efficient use of capital. There is a serious shortage of working capital in China’s home appliance manufacturing industry, and with the rapid development of home appliance manufacturing industry, the problem is becoming increasingly prominent. Therefore, improving the management level of working capital, optimizing the structure of capital, and improving the efficiency of working capital should become the most important part in the process of daily production and operation. This article selects company V as the research subject as it has representative problems in working capital management. Drawing on the theoretical method of taking elements as the core, this article focuses on the analysis of each working capital project and the development status of the company as a whole, determines the problems in the aspects of current assets and information communication in regard to the working capital management of company V, as well as puts forward several suggestions in terms of current assets management. In order to improve the working capital management level of company V, we hope that the improvement suggestions derived from the combination of theory and practical analysis can provide some reference for other enterprises in the household appliance manufacturing industry.

An Analysis of the Work Resumption in China under the COVID-19 Epidemic Based on Night Time Lights Data

Public emergencies often have an impact on the production and operation of enterprises. Timely and effective quantitative measurement of enterprises’ offline resumption of work after public emergencies is conducive to the formulation and implementation of relevant policies. In this study, we analyze the level of work resumption after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-influenced Chinese Spring Festival in 2020 with night time lights remote sensing data and Baidu Migration data. The results are verified by official statistics and facts, which demonstrates that COVID-19 has seriously affected the resumption of work after the Spring Festival holiday. Since 10 February, work has been resuming in localities. By the end of March, the work resumption index of most cities exceeded 70% and even Shanghai, Nanjing and Suzhou had achieved complete resumption of work. Wuhan only started to resume work in the last week of March due to the more severe outbreak. Although the level of work resumption is gradually increasing in every area, the specific situation of resumption of work varies in different regions. The process of work resumption in coastal areas is faster, while the process is relatively slow in inland cities.

Impact of COVID-19 on Port Production and Operation Based on System Dynamics: A Case Study of Shanghai Port in China

Since the end of 2019, the outbreak of COVID-19 has severely affected port production and operation. There is little research on the systematic impact assessment. This study took Shanghai Port as an example and evaluated the impact under different scenarios through establishing a System Dynamics model. It is found that the epidemic mainly has a greater impact on passenger transport, but less on cargo transport. The ports with the function of transportation in highway, railway, and waterway were the key nodes in the international logistics network. More attention should be paid to the impact assessment of COVID-19 on ports’ production and operation. It is necessary to strengthen the port’s collection and distribution capabilities, improve port production efficiency, and further strengthen port modernization. This research method proposed in this paper can provide a reference for the impact assessment of similar events, and the empirical results can provide a reference for handling the epidemic shock for the port and shipping departments.