Commercialization of Journalism

Author(s):  
Nina Kvalheim ◽  
Jens Barland

Commercialization of journalism is not a new concern. Indeed, journalism has always been bought and sold in the market, and commercialization has thus always been a central part of the production of journalism. In a modern sense, however, commercialization became an issue with the emergence of the penny press in the United States and the abolishment of the “taxes on knowledge” in the United Kingdom. These developments altered the content of newspapers and brought along discussions concerning the effects of commercialization. In the late 20th and early 21st century, commercialization of journalism again took a new turn. Developments such as digitalization and the emergence and communization of the internet, has led to an increased attention to market logics. This, in turn, makes studies of the commercialization of journalism increasingly more important.

Author(s):  
Mary Gilmartin ◽  
Patricia Wood ◽  
Cian O'Callaghan

Questions of migration and citizenship are at the heart of global political debate with Brexit and the election of Donald Trump having ripple effects around the world. Providing new insights into the politics of migration and citizenship in the United Kingdom and the United States, this book challenges the increasingly prevalent view of migration and migrants as threats and of formal citizenship as a necessary marker of belonging. Instead the book offers an analysis of migration and citizenship in practice, as a counterpoint to simplistic discourses. It uses cutting-edge academic work on migration and citizenship to address three themes central to current debates: borders and walls, mobility and travel, and belonging. Through this analysis, a clearer picture of the roots of these politics emerges as well as of the consequences for mobility, political participation and belonging in the 21st century.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyun Ki

Vaccination has been used for the prevention and eradication of communicable diseases such as smallpox, polio, and measles. Herd immunity and immunity threshold have already been conceptualized for the prevention of outbreaks and pandemicity of these diseases. Coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) is the second pandemic coronavirus disease of the 21st century. Vaccination has been conducted since December 2020 in an attempt to control the pandemic. The morbidity and incidence of COVID-19 has decreased since the initiation of the vaccination program within Israel, the United Kingdom, and the United States. However, irregular vaccine rollout and uneven distribution of vaccine is a major barrier to vaccine access. Moreover, genetic variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) could be a barrier to immunity.


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