hermaphroditism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine T. von Stackelberg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Roman Literature ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Marital Union

A physical condition whereby a living organism has both male and female reproductive parts, hermaphroditism is a well-established phenomenon in the ancient world. In Greek and Roman literature and art, hermaphroditism in humans had cultural significance as divine portent, erotic subject, mediating or transgressive condition, and symbol of marital union. The most significant literary accounts of human hermaphroditism are found in Plato’s Symposium and Ovid’s Metamorphoses; the greatest concentration of visual evidence is to be found in the environs of Pompeii and Herculaneum.

Atalanta as Model: The Hunter and the Hunted

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Barringer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Vase Painting ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Male Perceptions ◽  
Material Record ◽  
Insight Into

Atalanta, devotee of Artemis and defiant of men and marriage, was a popular figure in ancient literature and art. Although scholars have thoroughly investigated the literary evidence concerning Atalanta, the material record has received less scrutiny. This article explores the written and visual evidence, primarily vase painting, of three Atalanta myths: the Calydonian boar hunt, her wrestling match with Peleus, and Atalanta's footrace, in the context of rites of passage in ancient Greece. The three myths can be read as male and female rites of passage: the hunt, athletics, and a combination of prenuptial footrace and initiatory hunt. Atalanta plays both male and female initiatory roles in each myth: Atalanta is not only a girl facing marriage, but she is also a female hunter and female ephebe. She is the embodiment of ambiguity and liminality. Atalanta's status as outsider and as paradoxical female is sometimes expressed visually by her appearance as Amazon or maenad or a combination of the two. Her blending of gender roles in myth offers insight into Greek ideas of social roles, gender constructs, and male perceptions of femininity. Erotic aspects of the myths of the Calydonian boar hunt and the footrace, and possibly also her wrestling match with Peleus, emphasize Atalanta as the object of male desire. Atalanta challenges men in a man's world and therefore presents a threat, but she is erotically charged and subject to male influence and dominance.

scholarly journals Woman-character and woman-author in ancient Greek and Roman literature: an attempt at the typology

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(253) (45) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
O. Halchuk
Keyword(s):  
Ancient World ◽  
Literary Discourse ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Woman Character ◽  
Roman Literature ◽  
Ancient Literature ◽  
Woman Author

The article proposes a typology of female characters of ancient literature. The typology is based on the dominant categories of «moral» (expressed by the dichotomy of «moral – immoral»), «heroic» («achievement – offence») and «aesthetic» («beautiful – ugly»). Through the prism of mythology, the semantics of the figurative gallery «woman-character» and «woman-author» reflects the specifics of the position of women in the ancient world. Misogyny is typical for the male world of antiquity. This determined the emphasis in the interpretation of women's masks, which were mainly given the role of the object of erotic posing. This, however, does not diminish the reception potential of female images of ancient origin in the subsequent world literary discourse.

The Crimean War and (Self-)Sacrifice in Mid-Victorian Fiction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Melissa Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Charles Dickens ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Crimean War ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Victorian Fiction ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
War Effort ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Insight Into

Charles Dickens was among those writers who responded to the tragic losses of the Crimean War with renewed attention to the cultural significance of sacrifice. He followed the war effort with care, protesting publicly about the bureaucratic bungling that had cost British lives in Sebastopol. His novels written immediately after the cessation of the war provide us with insight into the aesthetic uses of different models of sacrifice. In Little Dorrit (1856), Dickens explores the vocation of self-sacrifice popularized by feminine service in the war; in A Tale of Two Cities (1859), Dickens depends upon the dynamics of barbaric sacrifice to achieve closure as the Christlike Sidney Carton lays down his life for his brother man on the scaffold. This chapter draws upon the work of the theologians Nancy Jay and Yvonne Sherwood to probe the contradictions inherent in Victorian imaginings of sacrifice—both Protestant and Catholic, male and female.

The Philosophic Notion of Women in Antiquity

Antichthon ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Geddes
Keyword(s):  
Ancient World ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

Aristotle said that the association between male and female was the most natural form of association and he treated it as the first of the elementary units of society. Like many of Aristotle’s confident assertions this one looks unimportant, though true; but it deserves some attention. The association between male and female might seem to have a timeless reference. We might think that we know exactly what we mean by the words, and that Aristotle could have thought no differently. In fact there are many possible relationships between males and females and the ancient world was well aware of it.

A Humanist&s Image of Humanism: the Inaugural Orations of Bartolommeo della Fonte

1960 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 90-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Trinkaus
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Italian Renaissance ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Jacques Maritain ◽  
Modern Times

Professor Kristeller in his ‘Humanism and Scholasticism in the Italian Renaissance’ as well as in his lecture on ‘The Humanist Movement’ in The Classics and Renaissance Thought emphasizes the professional nature of humanism, assigning to it the teaching of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and moral philosophy at the universities of Italy under the designation of the studia humanitatis. While he would not, I am sure, deny the wide cultural significance of the writings and activities of the humanists within the Renaissance, he does take a more restricted view of them than those philosophers and commentators who look upon the Italian humanists as simply one phase of a broadly humanitarian philosophical and religious outlook stretching from the ancient world to modern times, be it Jacques Maritain or Corliss Lamont.

scholarly journals Courtship ritual of male and female nuclei during fertilisation in Neurospora crassa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Brun ◽  
Hsiao-Che Kuo ◽  
Chris E. Jeffree ◽  
Darren D. Thomson ◽  
Nick Read
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Nuclear Dynamics ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Eukaryotic Microorganisms ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractSexual reproduction is a key process influencing the evolution and adaptation of animals, plants and many eukaryotic microorganisms, such as fungi. Mycologists have described the different fungal fruiting bodies, while geneticists have partly unravelled the regulation of sexual development. However, the sequential fungal cell biology of fertilisation and the associated nuclear dynamics after plasmogamy are poorly understood. Using histone-fluorescent parental isolates, we tracked male and female nuclei during fertilisation in the model ascomycetes Neurospora crassa using live-cell-imaging. This study unravels the behaviour of trichogyne resident female nuclei and the extraordinary manner that male nuclei migrate up the trichogyne to the protoperithecium. Our observations raise new fundamental questions about the modus operandi of nuclei movements during sexual reproduction, male and female nuclear identity, guidance of nuclei within the trichogyne and, unexpectedly, the avoidance of “polyspermy” in fungi. The spatio-temporal dynamics of male nuclei within the trichogyne following plasmogamy are also described, where the speed and the deformation of male nuclei are of the most dramatic observed to date in a living organism.

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF GENDER SUKU OSING DI BANYUWANGI DALAM PENILAIAN KEMANFAATAN TANAMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Budi Prasetyo ◽  
Tatik Chikmawati ◽  
Eko Baroto Walujo ◽  
Ervizal A.M Zuhud
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Gender Perception ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

The different roles and responsibilities of male and female of the Osing tribe influence the knowledge of the use of plants. The aims of research is to analyze the values of the benefits of plants based on gender perception. The research used a qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection for the value of plant species utilization were carried out  using Pebble Distribution Method (PDM) and analysis used Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). The Osing community recognised 86 plant species that were grouped in to eight beneficial groups. The male in three villages have a better understanding of ethnobotanical knowledge and practice than female on crops as staple foods, medicines, fruits, and firewood, while understanding of ornamental plants are relatively the same for both male and female. Female have a broader and more detailed understanding on vegetables, plant species used as building construction, and traditional rituals. The high PDM value in eight beneficial groups was supported by the high value of each ICS.  

scholarly journals Effects of Gender-Related Weight Reduction on the Physical Condition of Male and Female College Judoists

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi UMEDA ◽  
Shigeyuki NAKAJI ◽  
Yousuke YAMAMOTO ◽  
Masaru TANABE ◽  
Arata KOJIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College

scholarly journals The effect of circuit training on physical fitness and archery accuracy in novice athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
Susanto ◽  
Siswantoyo ◽  
Yudik Prasetyo ◽  
Himawan Putranta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Physical Fitness Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Accuracy Test ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Introduction: Physical condition is one of the most important factors in supporting archery. the better the physical condition, the better the concentration to support accuracy in archery. Concentration in archery is the ability to target targets accurately. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of circuit training on improving physical fitness and archery accuracy in novice athletes. Materials and Methods: Participants were 20 novice athletes, aged 10 to 12 years. Quasi-experimental research design, using two group pretest-posttest design. The method of collecting data on physical fitness uses the Indonesian physical fitness test (IPFT) aged 10-12 years and the accuracy test is by shooting arrows at the target. Data analysis used paired sample t-test, to determine differences in variable groups of men and women. The analysis results showed no difference if the significant value was less than 0.05 (p<0.05). Before analyzing the data, a prerequisite test was carried out which included the Shapiro Wilk normality test and the variate homogeneity test using the Levene's test. Results: The results showed that there was a significant increase in physical fitness in the male and female groups. Therefore, there was a significant improvement in the accuracy of archery shots in the male and female groups. The study concluded that circuit training is effective for improving physical fitness and archery accuracy in novice athletes.

The Others

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ancient World ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Familial Relationships ◽  
Female Slaves ◽  
Small Screen

This chapter details the series' frank presentation of what contemporary viewers would call “second-class” citizens, namely the male and female slaves in the villa and the ludus of Batiatus. It also calls them “the others,” that is, those figures who are normally given little or no voice in the historical sources on the society and civilization of antiquity. This chapter discusses how audiences might perceive and comprehend the role of the non-elite women depicted in STARZ Spartacus, taking into consideration the extent to which modern scholarship on gender in classical antiquity now informs our understanding of love, sexuality, familial relationships, and marriage in the ancient world, whether they are accurately or approximately depicted on the small screen.

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