PANDANGAN MASYARAKAT KEDIRI TERHADAP TOKOH DEWI SEKARTAJI (The View of Kediri Society toward Character of Dewi Sekartaji)

Dewi Sekartaji adalah tokoh perempuan dalam cerita Panji. Cerita Panji berasal dari Jawa Timur dan sangat populer hingga ke wilayah Asia Tenggara, bahkan sudah diakui sebagai memory of the world ‘ingatan dunia’ oleh UNESCO. Dewi Sekartaji digambarkan sebagai puteri dari Kerajaan Kediri, namun penelitian terhadap keberadaannya hanya terfokus pada teks cerita Panji. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelusuri jejak Dewi Sekartaji di wilayah Kediri dan pandangan masyarakat Kediri terhadap Dewi Sekartaji dengan pendekatan folklor. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten dan Kota Kediri pada bulan Februari 2020 dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode resepsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa di Kabupaten dan Kota Kediri ditemukan jejak tokoh Dewi Sekartaji berupa petilasan, makam, sumber air, desa, dan terpatri sebagai nama-nama tempat, jalan, produk industri, sanggar seni, dan sebagainya. Masyarakat memandang Dewi Sekartaji sebagai perempuan yang memiliki kepribadian yang baik, keberanian, ketangguhan, kegigihan, ketabahan, dan kecerdasan. Masyarakat Kediri memandang Dewi Sekartaji sebagai gambaran ideal perempuan Kediri. Dewi Sekartaji is a woman character in story of Panji. Story of Panji come from East Java and it’s very popular in Southeast Asia, even recognized as memory of the world by UNESCO. Dewi Sekartaji is represented as a princess of the Kingdom of Kediri. However, study on its existence only focused on the text of story of Panji. This study attemps to track down the trail of Dewi Sekartaji in Kediri and the view of Kediri’s people toward her by using folklore approach. This study is conducted in Kediri district and city on February 2020, by using methods of observation, interview, and documentation. The results show that in Kediri district and city there are many tracks of Dewi Sekartaji figure, such as petilasan, grave, water source, village, and engraved as place names, road, industry product, art houses, etc. The society views Dewi Sekartaji as a woman that has good character, brave, strong, persistent, steadfast, and smart. The society view her as an ideal image woman of Kediri.

THE SOCIAL REALITY OF THE WOMAN CHARACTER IN THE SHORT STORY “KA-MANAKAH TERBANGNYA SI BURONG SENJA” FROM THE LENS OF TAKLIF

This paper will highlight the creative work ‘Ka-mana Terbangnya Si Burong Senja’ by A. Samad Said which features the issue of moral collapse. The short story of the study is seen as a human rights discourse that can provide awareness to society regarding human rights in the formation of social and cultural dynamics through the display of character and characterization of a fully significant immoral society. The work of A. Samad Said needs to be appreciated in terms of its inner meaning. The Taklif framework will be used to discuss the findings of the study because, in the Islamic view, in principle, the universe belongs to the One True God. By using a text analysis approach, the study will turn inward and bring the reader to be more open-minded in reading the author's message from the lens of Islam, which is back to the creator in the process of personality formation.

Slivers of Hope: Women in Dystopian Trilogy

This paper explores the struggles, goals, and motivations of the women characters in The Hunger Games Trilogy. In detail, the study employs Elaine Showalter’s Feminist theory to reveal the women characters’ categories in terms of three stages: feminine, feminist and female. In the study, some of the women characters living in the dehumanized society of Panem have attained the last stage of feminism which is the female stage. However, other women characters are not able to fulfill their goals. Still, due to the women characters’ demand to change the system, they start an uprising. For example, the main character, Katniss Everdeen, contributes to the collapse of the ruling government in power as she accepts being the Mockingjay, the symbol of revolution. Another woman character to exemplify such a noble act is Johanna Mason who becomes part of the rebellion and survives the war against the unjust ruling of the Capitol. These women characters are slivers of light amidst the chaos. In conclusion, it is discovered that women characters play pivotal roles in society. This suggests that women characters recognize their power to accelerate societal advancement. For this dystopian trilogy, in particular, women become symbols of hope.

Concept of Fallenness and Patriarchy in Anuradha Sharma Pujari’s Novel “Kanchan”

Patriarchy places women in a marginalised position. Women always bare same feeling and same status of their lives in patriarchal oppression and exploitation. Men often speak about virtues and vices of women and on the basis of that categorise them as chaste or unchaste. Women in patriarchal society should be pure to get societal honour. The society decides what a woman should do, how a woman should behave and these views are the cultural determinant of a society or a community. If a woman challenges these lessons of morality, she will get the identity of fallen woman in a patriarchal society. The novelist Sharma Pujari through the portrayal of Kanchan as a fallen woman does not want to condemn her fundamental disorder but attempts to expose the exploitation and oppression that exist in sexual practices and thereby wants to challenge it. A patriarchal society mirrors some cultural views and attitudes of sexuality. On the basis of these norms a woman is relegated to the rank of fallen woman. The man being the superior section of the society proves his male power in the emotional, physical and material sphere of a woman’s life. This power of patriarchal authority determines the fallenness of a woman and thereby deprives her from availing the pleasures and securities which are only permissible for a wife. The culturally constructed feminine myth looks at her as an exception. People’s psyche is moulded by this cultural affinities constructed by patriarchal system. The novel Kanchan describes the discrimination on gender relation and sexual responses between two genders that exists in a patriarchy. Anuradha Sharma Pujari narrates the complexities in the life of the woman character who tries to come out of her destitute situation by using her body. Adopting a feminist perspective this research article attempts to discuss the construction of the idea “fallen women” by patriarchy and the experiences and struggles of the marginalised protagonist Kanchan in the novel Kanchan.

Woman-character and woman-author in ancient Greek and Roman literature: an attempt at the typology

The article proposes a typology of female characters of ancient literature. The typology is based on the dominant categories of «moral» (expressed by the dichotomy of «moral – immoral»), «heroic» («achievement – offence») and «aesthetic» («beautiful – ugly»). Through the prism of mythology, the semantics of the figurative gallery «woman-character» and «woman-author» reflects the specifics of the position of women in the ancient world. Misogyny is typical for the male world of antiquity. This determined the emphasis in the interpretation of women's masks, which were mainly given the role of the object of erotic posing. This, however, does not diminish the reception potential of female images of ancient origin in the subsequent world literary discourse.

An Analysis of The Image of Woman Based on Yukiguni Novel by Kawabata Yasunari

This study is entitled with “An Analysis of the Image of Woman Based on Yukiguni Novel by Kawabata Yasunari” which purposes are to describe the characterization and the image of woman reflected on the main character, Komako. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The data are based on one of Kawabata Yasunari works, Yukiguni, 1971, which presented in narration and dialog to reflect the characterization and describe the image of woman from Komako. The data collecting method chosen is close reading technique (repeat reading). To analyse the finding, the method used in this study is narrative analysis. The findings of this study shown that the main woman character, Komako is described as a person who is easily offended, a drunkard, careless, yet neat. Her profession as Geisha displays a neat and beautiful physical image. Komako, either as a Geisha or Japanese woman, has a physic image who is easily offended, disliking liars, feeling guilty and careless. Other than that, she has a famous social image, as being well know by others, having a high sense of empathy, yet a rule breaker in which resulting her relationship between the environment she is living and herself as a person is inharmonious. To sum up, the physical images possessed by Komako is contrary with her psychic image and social.

ANALISIS KEKERASAN SIMBOLIK DALAM NOVEL "A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS KARYA KHALED HOSSEINI (PERSPEKTIF PIERRE BOURDIEU) (SYMBOLIC VIOLENCE ANALYSIS IN NOVEL A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS BY KHALED HOSSEINI (PIERRE BOURDIEU'S PERSPECTIVE))

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang kekerasan simbolik yang dialami oleh para tokoh perempuan dalam novel berjudul A Thousand Splendid Suns karya Khaled Hosseini. Bentuk-bentuk kekerasan simbolik diidentifikasi dan dianalisis oleh perspektif sosiologis Pierre Bourdieu. Bourdieu mengusulkan bahwa bahasa adalah sarana untuk melestarikan dan mentransformasikan kekuatan simbolik. Pelaku memiliki kewenangan untuk menetapkan nilai, norma, dan standar, mendikte, dan mengontrol paradigma pelaku lainnya sehingga pelanggaran yang diterima sebagai tindakan yang wajar dan sah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan simbolik teridentifikasi dalam keluarga. Tokoh perempuan bernama Mariam ini mengalami pelecehan verbal dari ibunya terkait status dan konsepsi tradisional tentang posisi perempuan dalam budaya. Sementara itu tokoh utama ini juga dipaksa menikah dini. Selain itu, karakter wanita lain, Laila juga menerima secara pasif segala bentuk kekerasan. Kedua perempuan tersebut diperlakukan secara diskriminatif dalam masyarakat dan keluarga. Kata kunci: kekerasan simbolik, Pierre Bourdieu, agen, arena This research studies about the symbolic violence experienced by the women characters in the novel entitled A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini. The forms of symbolic violences are identified and analyzed by the sociological perspective of Pierre Bourdieu. Bourdieu proposes that language is the means to perpetuate and to transform the symbolic power. The doer has an authority to establish value, norms, and standards, to dictate, and to control the other agents’paradigm making the violences received as the normal and legitimate actions. The result of this research shows that the symbolic violence is identified in the family. The woman character named Mariam experiencing verbal abuse from her mother regarding the status and the traditional conception of woman’s position in the culture. Meanwhile this lead character is also forced to early marriage. In addition, another woman character, Laila is also passively accepted all forms of violences. Both women are treated discriminatively in society and family. Keywords: symbolic violence, Pierre Bourdieu, agents, arena

Shurpankha as an assertive woman in Kavita Kane’s ‘Lanka’s Princess’ – a critical study

Indian mythology has been a subject of deep study and interest. Many people have reviewed and shared their thoughts regarding various mythological subjects. Various primary, secondary, male, female characters have been discussed on various platforms. But, there are many women characters who have not got justice regarding their lives and personality. A lot of them have been portrayed as negative and dark characters. The explanation behind their angst and revenge has been unknown or hidden. Kavita Kane in her works has tried to unravel the hidden personalities and various aspects of these characters. In this paper, the focus has been made on a very negatively approached woman character, Shurpankha, sister of Ravan, from the epic Ramayan. Was Shurpankha really hateful? What would have been the reasons behind her anguish and dark nature? Kavita Kane has made an effort to answer many such questions about Shurpankha, in her book ‘Lanka’s Princess’. Even being a princess, what might have been the reasons about her revenge taking acts, that caused war between Ram and Ravan.

The International Dimension of “The Death of the Lion”

This essay reconsiders some critically established ‘germs’ for Henry James’s “The Death of the Lion” (1894), traced back to the 1893 demise of Guy de Maupassant and to the latter’s only visit to England in the summer of 1886. On that occasion, Maupassant was ‘chaperoned’ by his American friend Blanche Roosevelt, a well-known literary journalist in the London and Paris circles. The unexplored connection with Roosevelt invites a new reading which gives prominence to the American woman character in the tale (Fanny Hurter) and unveils an international subtheme within it. In light of such a reading, as well as of authoritative studies which have analyzed “The Death of the Lion” against the rise of modern literary journalism, I will also re-examine the role of the first-person narrator, an unnamed ‘repented’ literary journalist, in thwarting the possible relation between Neil Paraday and his American admirer.

MENYINGKAP IDEOLOGI PATRIARKI DALAM KISAH 1001 MALAM: KAJIAN DEKONSTRUKTIF

This writing analyzes a popular Malay text entitled Kisah 1001 Malam (Arabian Nights). This analysis shows that from the perspective of patriarchal ideology, a man is signified as a strong and powerful figure. On the other hand, the analysis shows that the strong and powerful figure in the text is not the man but a woman instead. It is shown by presenting the man character who fails to fulfill his role as the savior or the problem solver, thus, the role is taken by a woman character. Thus, this analysis applies descriptive analysis in which the result of the analysis is described vividly. From the description, it will show patriarchal ideology which places man as the powerful figure is replaced by a woman who is strong and smart.