5. The Second World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Frank Ledwidge
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Air War ◽  
Strategic Bombing ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Combined Operations ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Second World

‘The Second World War: the air war in the Pacific’ describes the maritime and air operations in the Pacific that were truly epic in scale. It outlines the strategic bombing in the Far East as well as the two atomic raids carried out on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Prior to the atomic strikes on Japan, strategic bombing to coerce capitulation had failed in the combined operations against Germany. Even then, it seems likely now that the atomic raids contributed to rather than caused Japanese surrender. Command of the air was indispensable. However, air power alone could not deliver success. When used as a component of an integrated pragmatically founded strategy, it was nonetheless vital.

Why Not Islam?

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Zaehner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Rigid Structure ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World

As everyone knows, since the end of the Second World War there has been a sensational revival of interest in the non-Christian religions particularly in the United States and in this country. The revival has taken two forms, the one popular, the other academic. The first of these has turned almost exclusively to Hindu and Buddhist mysticism and can be seen as an energetic reaction against the dogmatic and until very recently rigid structure of institutionalised Christianity and a search for a lived experience of the freedom of the spirit which is held to be the true content of mysticism, obscured in Christianity by the basic dogma of a transcendent God, the ‘wholly Other’ of Rudolf Otto and his numerous followers, but wholly untrammelled by any such concept in the higher reaches of Vedanta and Buddhism, particularly in its Zen manifestation. On the academic side the picture is less clear. There is, of course, the claim that the study of religion, like any other academic study, must be subjected to and controlled by the same principles of ‘scientific’ objectivity to which the other ‘arts’ subjects have been subjected, to their own undoing. But even here there would seem to be a bias in favour of the religions of India and the Far East as against Islam, largely, one supposes, in response to popular demand.

The British Army Unit Light Helicopter Project

1965 ◽  
Vol 69 (655) ◽  
pp. 489-492
Author(s):  
N. Crookenden
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Ground Effect ◽  
Second World War ◽  
British Army ◽  
World War ◽  
Full Responsibility ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Many ◽  
Marginal Power ◽  
Second World

The revival of flying in the British Army dates from the Air OP flights of the Second World War, manned jointly with the RAF and highly successful in their limited role. In 1957 the Army took over full responsibility for its own aviation and in the previous year had already agreed with the Air Ministry and the Ministry of Supply to purchase the Saunders-Roe Skeeter. This two-seater aircraft had been under development since 1948. It was designed for worldwide use and with its 215 hp Gypsy Major engine it was supposed to have a service ceiling of 10 000 ft and an ability to climb at 180 ft/min outside ground effect at 4000 ft and ICAO + 30°. By 1958 the Skeeter had been accepted into service, but on its tropical trials in Aden in 1959 and 1960 it could produce only marginal power and the cylinder head and oil temperatures were above limits. It was therefore relegated to use in temperate climates and the Army was faced with the situation of still having no helicopters deployed in the Far East and Middle East. We had to make do there with the Auster, a fine, if rather senior reconnaissance aircraft, able to carry out only a few of the many roles required of an Army aircraft. A new aircraft, the Saunders-Roe P531, which became the Westland Scout, was ordered in 1959.

Khalkhin-Gol: Military and Political Cooperation of the USSR and the MNR (1939-1945)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Batunaev
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Main Task ◽  
World War ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Decisive Victory ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

Despite the numerous contemporary studies of military-political cooperation between the USSR and Mongolia, a lot of questions remain requiring deeper understanding and analysis. They include issues relating to the geopolitical situation, bilateral Soviet-Mongolian cooperation in the military-political and economic spheres on the eve of the Second World War. The contemporary Russian and Mongolian researchers believe that the events at Khalkhin-Gol marked the beginning of this war. Thus, this article aims to analyze the entire spectrum of the military-political and economic cooperation between the USSR and Mongolia, taking into account both domestic and international factors during the events in Khalkhin-Gol. The methodological basis of this study involves the principles of historicism and objectivism, which allowed to establish an objective geopolitical situation associated with the exacerbation of the situation in the Far East in connection with the aggressive plans of Japan. The latter threatened the national sovereignty and security not only of Mongolia, but also of the USSR first. Under these conditions, the USSR was the only guarantor of the preservation of Mongolian statehood. The main conclusions include the following. One of the decisive armed confrontations on the eve of the Second World War was the events on the Khalkhin-Gol River, during which the combined forces of the USSR and Mongolia managed to win a decisive victory over the Japanese-Manchurian troops. The main task of the USSR was to protect its borders in the Far East, while Mongolia was a reliable ally against the aggressive plans of Japan. The 1936 Protocol of Mutual Assistance between the USSR and the Mongolian People’s Republic is an example of a mutually beneficial union of two states directed against external aggression. The victory at Khalkhin-Gol had not only great importance on changing the balance of power, the conclusion of the Soviet-German Pact of 1939, but it also contributed to the formation of Mongolian statehood, strengthening the Soviet-Mongolian military-political union. According to the results of the Yalta Conference of 1945, the “status quo” of Mongolia was finally defined, which marked the beginning of its independence and international recognition.

Working towards ‘An Unforeseen Miracle’ Redux: Latvian Refugees in Vladivostok, 1918–1920, and in Latvia, 1943–1944

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALDIS PURS
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Refugee Experience ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

AbstractDuring the First World War the survival of hundreds of thousands of Latvian refugees, dispersed across the Russian Empire, overlapped with issues of identity. Latvians in Siberia and the Far East created a refugee organisation complete with military, diplomatic and cultural programmes for themselves and their homeland. The key players attempted to recreate the same organisational trajectories and outcomes during the Second World War, under very different geopolitical conditions. This article presents new archival research and suggests new interpretations of the dynamic nature of political organisation, refugee experience and identity in Latvia through the first half of the twentieth century.

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