Medical Ethics: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dunn ◽  
Tony Hope
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Pressure

Medical ethics—from thorny moral questions such as euthanasia and the morality of killing to political questions such as the fair distribution of healthcare resources—is rarely out of today’s media. Medical Ethics: A Very Short Introduction explores the ethical reasoning used to approach medical ethics, introducing the most important ‘tools’ of ethical reasoning, and discussing how argument, thought experiments, and intuition can be combined in the consideration of medical ethics. It also considers its practical application by health professionals in clinical settings and the increasingly important place of medical ethics in the wider social context, in healthcare policy, discussions in the media, pressure group and activism settings, and in legal judgements.

3. A toolbox of reasoning

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Michael Dunn ◽  
Tony Hope
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Thought Experiments ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Playing God ◽  
Slippery Slope Argument ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
The Right

‘A toolbox of reasoning’ discusses a further four tools of ethical reasoning: distinguishing facts from values; reasoning from principles; thought experiments; and spotting and avoiding fallacies in reasoning. Five fallacies are discussed: the no-true Scotsman move; the ten-leaky-buckets tactic; the argument from nature; the argument from playing God; and the slippery slope argument. It also explains how the analysis of medical ethics is organized around four principles—respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—and their scope of application. Ethical reasoning cannot be reduced to algorithms. Situations are complex and doing the right thing will often require flexibility. Humane medicine, in addition to rationality, requires wisdom, imagination, and creativity.

Medical eponyms: redeeming or not the long-standing tradition

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-140420
Author(s):  
Yandy Marx Castillo Aleman
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Semantic Classification ◽  
Medical Background

BackgroundHealthcare workers often use terms such as Apgar, Babinski or Glasgow in their routine duties. These terms are used worldwide; they are universal and recognised in various languages. Medical eponyms are immutable by the nature; they save valuable time by streamlining communication among health professionals. However, some of these terms lack accuracy and lead to confusion.Objective and methodsThis perspective article aims to analyse the current status of the divergent trends about redeeming (or not) the long-standing tradition of using medical eponyms. Multiple positions regarding the use of these terms have been expressed in the medical literature, and these are summarised in the manuscript. Although, this compilation is based primarily on the author’s medical background and experience.ResultsThere is an interesting debate in the scientific community about the suitability of certain eponyms. Defenders and detractors argue a broad spectrum of points, but there is still no international consensus. The use of classical, ethical and well-recognised medical eponyms will remain a cornerstone in daily clinical settings, textbooks and medical journals. However, their use can be inconsistent or confused in specific conditions, and they can be influenced by local geography and culture.ConclusionsThere is a need to refrain from using unethical and controversial eponyms throughout the whole of science. Further academic and scientific efforts should be addressed to provide a structural systematisation, semantic classification and etymological categorisation on the use of medical eponyms.

Helping Women Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Comparing the Approaches of Two Health Care Settings

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy C. Chang ◽  
Raquel Buranosky ◽  
Diane Dado ◽  
Patricia Cluss ◽  
Lynn Hawker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Semistructured Interviews

Health professionals from two different clinical settings were asked about their comfort level in dealing with intimate partner violence (IPV). Focus groups and semistructured interviews were used to gather information. Staff in an obstetrics and gynecology setting relatively rich in IPV resources described feeling capable dealing with IPV. The staff in a general medicine setting dedicated to women’s health but without a focus on IPV and with fewer supports described discomfort and difficulty dealing with IPV. Presence of systemic prioritization of and resources for IPV were described as contributing to the confidence in addressing the issue. Other necessary elements identified included (a) on-site resources, (b) adequate time, (c) focused IPV training, and (d) a team or systemic approach.

scholarly journals Language Means for Shaping the Media Image of China in Russian Internet Texts (Case Study of Blogs about the Chinese Opera)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юйси Му
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Media Image ◽  
Chinese Opera ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The World ◽  
Audience Responses ◽  
The Media

The article presents the study of the media image of China in the Russian Internet texts. The purpose of the study is to identify the language means of shaping the media image of China in blogs about Chinese opera. The material involves some of the topical blogs published on the Internet version of «Live Journal» and the «Magazeta». In those materials, the media image of China is partially formed by various aspects of Chinese opera as a cultural phenomenon: it is the cultural context in which Chinese opera exists; features of diverse opera genres; images of performers; audience responses; assessments and feelings of bloggers. The possibilities of expression of different kinds of language means are revealed, so is the authors’ perception of this type of art. It is concluded that the media image created in blogs about Chinese opera by various language means represents China as a country with a long history and unique culture. Chinese opera not only occupies an important place in the world art, but also vividly and meaningfully reflects the mystery of China.

scholarly journals Freelance Journalists’ Ethical Boundary Settings in Information Work

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ladendorf
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
The Media ◽  
Information Type ◽  
Information Work ◽  
Individual Ethics

Abstract The borders between the media genres journalism and information or PR are blurring, and this development is especially noticeable among freelance journalists. How does this affect freelance journalists, particularly their ethical reasoning? Thirteen interviews with freelancers living in a peripheral northern county in Sweden were analyzed, using a combination of discourse analysis and narrative theory methods and a virtue ethics theoretical framework. It was found that 11 out of 13 informants worked occasionally or regularly with information-type assignments. To sustain the informants’ professional roles and selfidentities of integrity and impartiality, having boundary settings between, first, information/ PR and journalist roles and, second, information and journalist type assignments was crucial. It was evident that individual ethics had replaced professional principles. The freelancers reflexively process media industry constraints, together with their everyday working conditions, in a situation where the ideals and norms of the profession constitute the background for their individual action ethics.

scholarly journals Studying from the Sofa. Contribution to the HoGe conference 2018 „Digital learning and teaching“ / Studieren vom Sofa aus.Beitrag zur HoGe–Tagung 2018 „Digitales Lernen und Lehren“

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Eva Maria Beck ◽  
Christine Bluemke ◽  
Wibke Holweg ◽  
Theda Borde
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Interprofessional Cooperation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Study Format

Abstract A new bachelor course of study started at 01.10.2018. It‘s an online offer for competence development in interprofessional cooperation. The target group are professionally experienced health professionals from therapy and care. By the end of July 2020, the extra-occupational study format, the media didactic online-based concept and the contents will be tested and evaluated. The continuing development of technology-supported learning/teaching scenarios will be incorporated into the further development of the online study ofering, as will the evaluation results from the pilot phase of the course.

Islamic Medical Ethics in Brunei Darussalam Hospitals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1860-1871
Author(s):  
Syazana Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
The State ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Medical Healthcare ◽  
E Mail

In Islam, issues and concerns that arise in Muslim societies are addressed and often resolved by issuing fatāwā, or religious rulings, derived from the ‘ulamā's reasonings that are based on the Qur'ān and the Sunnah. In Brunei Darussalam, its State Mufti provides religious verdicts on various issues, including healthcare. Thus, this chapter seeks to analyse whether Brunei Darussalam's health professionals handle medical ethical cases in a manner that is congruent to the State Mufti's fatāwā. There are many issues pertaining to ethics in medical healthcare, however, only three contentious ones will be discussed: euthanasia, organ transplantation, and abortion. A semi-structured e-mail interview was sent to several hospital nurses under relevant departments. The findings demonstrate a certain degree of congruity, with the exception of abortion cases. The State Mufti declared that abortion in rape cases is not sinful, but legally, it would still be considered as a crime, as the Brunei law states that abortion is permissible only if the pregnancy is detrimental to the mother's health.

1. An Introduction to Bioethics

Medical Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Emily Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Ethic Of Care ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Feminist Ethic ◽  
Academic Debate

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter, which provides an introduction to bioethical reasoning, first explains the meaning of ‘medical ethics’ and the more recent term ‘bioethics’. It then considers how medical ethics has borrowed from different traditions in moral philosophy and varieties of ethical reasoning—from religious bioethics to a feminist ethic of care.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Humanitude Care Methodology: contribution to the quality of health care

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Vanessa Lúcio Henriques ◽  
Marilia de Assunção Rodrigues Ferreira Dourado ◽  
Rosa Cândida Carvalho Pereira de Melo ◽  
Luiza Hiromi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Continuing Care ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Convenience Sampling

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the contribution of the implementation of the Humanitude Care Methodology to the quality of health care in a Continuing Care Unit. Method: an action-research study with a non-probability convenience sampling, involving 34 health professionals from one unit in Portugal. Data was collected through a questionnaire and an observation worksheet for the Structured Sequence of Humanitude Care Procedures. We used data content analysis with the Statistical Package for Social Science, version 17.0. Results: health professionals demonstrated difficulties to provide care for people who are agitated, confused, disoriented, aggressive and who refuse care, and to communicate with patients who do not communicate verbally. The professionals valued the accomplishment of the stages of the observation worksheet. There were discrepancies between the perception of accomplishment and the actual practice. Throughout the implementation of the methodology, there was an increase in the practical application of the procedures, with positive repercussion for the patients and for the professionals. Conclusion: the results allowed to perceive the contribution of the process of implementation of the methodology, through the positive transformations in health care delivery.

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