scholarly journals A dilemma for permissibility-based solutions to the paradox of supererogation

Analysis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Uzunova ◽  
Benjamin Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Monotonicity Condition ◽  
Classical Account

Abstract We argue that permissibility-based solutions to the paradox of supererogation encounter a nested dilemma. Such approaches solve the paradox by distinguishing moral and rational permissions. If they do not also include a bridge condition that relates these two permissions, then they violate a very plausible monotonicity condition. If they do include a bridge condition, then permissibility-based solutions either amount to rational satisficing or they collapse back into the classical account of supererogation and fail to resolve the paradox.

scholarly journals A generalization of the monotonicity condition and applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Yu ◽  
S. P. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Monotonicity Condition

Buddhist Constitutionalism in Thailand: When Rājadhammā Supersedes the Constitution

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugénie MÉRIEAU
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Functional Equivalent ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Constitutional Thought ◽  
Classical Account

AbstractThis article adds nuance to the classical account depicting Thailand as a secularized country by documenting how Buddhism informs constitutional thought and practices in contemporary Thailand. Throughout the twentieth century, Buddhist discourses have been used to bypass constitutional provisions in the name of ‘dhamma’ through the reliance on the rediscovery of the doctrine of thedhammarāja(the righteous King). In the early twenty-first century, a second rebirth of the discourse of thedhammarājaled to a further devaluation of the constitution as the supreme norm. The principles of a righteous King (totsapitrājadhammā)were reconceptualized as a functional equivalent to constitutionalism – as constraining the King’s power. This article first examines how modern lawyers used Buddhism as the vehicle to import Western constitutional ideas into the Siamese polity while reconstructing them as part of a royal legacy through the doctrine of the Ten Royal Virtues. It then turns to an analysis of the ever-increasing enshrinement of Buddhism in successive Thai constitutions since 1932. It concludes with an account of the politicization of the righteous King doctrine and its impact on constitutional practices.

scholarly journals Fake news, fast and slow: Deliberation reduces belief in false (but not true) news headlines

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Bago ◽  
David Gertler Rand ◽  
Gordon Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Fake News ◽  
System 2 ◽  
False News ◽  
News Headlines ◽  
Classical Account

What role does deliberation play in susceptibility to political misinformation and “fake news”? The “Motivated System 2 Reasoning” account posits that deliberation causes people to fall for fake news because reasoning facilitates identity-protective cognition and is therefore used to rationalize content that is consistent with one’s political ideology. The classical account of reasoning instead posits that people ineffectively discern between true and false news headlines when they fail to deliberate (and instead rely on intuition). To distinguish between these competing accounts, we investigated the causal effect of reasoning on media truth discernment using a two-response paradigm. Participants (N= 1635 MTurkers) were presented with a series of headlines. For each, they were first asked to give an initial, intuitive response under time pressure and concurrent working memory load. They were then given an opportunity to re-think their response with no constraints, thereby permitting more deliberation. We also compared these responses to a (deliberative) one-response baseline condition where participants made a single choice with no constraints. Consistent with the classical account, we found that deliberation corrected intuitive mistakes: subjects believed false headlines (but not true headlines) more in initial responses than in either final responses or the unconstrained 1-response baseline. In contrast – and inconsistent with the Motivated System 2 Reasoning account – we found that political polarization was equivalent across responses. Our data suggest that, in the context of fake news, deliberation facilitates accurate belief formation and not partisan bias.

Concepts and Categories of Art: A Very Brief Primer

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-114
Author(s):  
William P. Seeley
Keyword(s):  
Prototype Theory ◽  
Concepts And Categories ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Exemplar Theory ◽  
Arthur Danto ◽  
Classical Account

Chapter 3 expands on the discussion of categories of art. The chapter evaluates four models for a theory of concepts for categories of art: a classical account derived from traditional, definitional theories of art; a prototype theory derived from Kendall Walton’s canonical discussion of categories of art; an exemplar theory derived from Morris Weitz’s anti-essentialism; and a knowledge-based account derived from Arthur Danto and Noël Carrol’s cognitivist theories of art. The chapter continues with a discussion of artworks and artifact concepts and concludes by arguing that a knowledge-based account of concepts provides the best model for understanding the structure of categories of art. and their role in our engagement with artworks.

Quasilinearization and boundary value problems at resonance

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kareem Alanazi ◽  
Meshal Alshammari ◽  
Paul Eloe
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Upper And Lower Solutions ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Monotonicity Condition ◽  
Uniqueness Of Solutions ◽  
Shift Method ◽  
At Resonance ◽  
Problem At Resonance

Abstract A quasilinearization algorithm is developed for boundary value problems at resonance. To do so, a standard monotonicity condition is assumed to obtain the uniqueness of solutions for the boundary value problem at resonance. Then the method of upper and lower solutions and the shift method are applied to obtain the existence of solutions. A quasilinearization algorithm is developed and sequences of approximate solutions are constructed, which converge monotonically and quadratically to the unique solution of the boundary value problem at resonance. Two examples are provided in which explicit upper and lower solutions are exhibited.

scholarly journals Semiparametric Semivariogram Modeling with a Scaling Criterion for Node Spacing: A Case Study of Solar Radiation Distribution in Thailand

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2173
Author(s):  
Sompop Moonchai ◽  
Nawinda Chutsagulprom
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Monotonicity Condition ◽  
Ungauged Sites ◽  
Spurious Oscillation ◽  
Geostatistical Interpolation ◽  
Radiation Distribution ◽  
Parametric Functions ◽  
Close Form ◽  
Kriging Approach

Geostatistical interpolation methods, sometimes referred to as kriging, have been proven effective and efficient for the estimation of target quantity at ungauged sites. The merit of the kriging approach relies heavily on the semivariograms in which the parametric functions are prevalently used. In this work, we explore the semiparametric semivariogram where no close-form semivariogram is required. By additionally enforcing the monotonicity condition in order to suppress the presence of spurious oscillation, a scaling of the nodes of the semiparametric kriging is proposed. To this end, the solar radiation estimates across extensive but unmeasured regions in Thailand using three different semivariogram models are undertaken. A cross validation analysis is carried out in order to justify the performance of each approach. The best results are achieved by the semiparametric model with an improvement of around 7–13% compared to those obtained from the parametric semivariograms.

Digital Structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
Katherine Thomson-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Digital Sampling ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Classical Account

In this chapter, I consider whether digital images are digital in the strongest sense; namely, qua images. Assuming that a digital image is one that is made and screened digitally, there is a further question as to whether the representational scheme to which the image belongs has a fundamentally digital structure. Answering this question requires close analysis of Nelson Goodman’s classical account of the analog/digital distinction. It also requires a response to Goodman’s insistence on the essential analogicity of the pictorial. Such a response points to the uses of digital sampling and quantization technology to impose digital structure on encoded, replicable images.

scholarly journals Trigonometric series with a generalized monotonicity condition

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Feng ◽  
Vilmos Totik ◽  
Song Ping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Trigonometric Series ◽  
Generalized Monotonicity ◽  
Monotonicity Condition

scholarly journals Fodder for Despair, Masquerading as Hope: Diagnosing the Postures of Hope(lessness) at the End of Life

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Ashley Moyse
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Medical Assistance ◽  
Medical Assistance In Dying ◽  
Instrumental Reasoning ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
Classical Account

Hope is needed for persons confronting the limits of human life, antagonised by the threats of death. It is needed also for those health and medical professionals constrained by the institution of medicine, determined by market metaphors and instrumental reasoning. Yet, despair can masquerade as hope for such persons when functional hoping for particular outcomes or aims proves futile and aimless. The following will examine such masquerades, while giving attention to particular expressions of autonomy, which persist as fodder for despair in our late modern milieu. The late classical account of Hercules and his death, as well as contemporary reasons for soliciting medical assistance in dying, will focus on the diagnostics of despair, while a Christian account practicing presence, and of hope as a concrete posture enfleshed by habits of patience, among other virtues, will point toward counter-narratives that might sustain persons in times of crisis and enable persons’ flourishing as human beings, even unto death.

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