scholarly journals Risk of second malignant neoplasms in women and girls with germ cell tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Liao ◽  
M.C. Rodrigues ◽  
J.N. Poynter ◽  
J.F. Amatruda ◽  
C. Rodriguez-Galindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Women And Girls

Germ Cell Tumors: Looking to the Future

2015 ◽  
pp. e253-e258
Author(s):  
George J. Bosl
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Late Relapse ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Near Term

Our knowledge about the management of men with germ cell tumors (GCTs) and its tumor biology continues to evolve. Vascular disease, metabolic syndrome, second malignant neoplasms, and hypogonadism occur after treatment for GCTs and the latency pattern resembles that seen in patients treated for Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients receiving treatment for GCTs should be informed not only of the near-term toxicity (experienced during or shortly after administration), but also the delayed and late effects of chemotherapy and the need for lifelong surveillance for all late outcomes, including late relapse. Recent data suggest that the treatment outcome of patients with intermediate-risk, poor-risk, and relapsed GCTs can be improved through multicenter trials that include the general oncology community. Finally, GCTs are a malignancy of primordial germ cells. Programmed differentiation is clinically evident in vivo and probably related to chemotherapy resistance. This biology has much clinical relevance, some of which is already in use.

Elevated risk of second malignant neoplasms in pediatric germ cell tumor patients.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10010-10010
Author(s):  
Maria Clarissa de Faria Soares Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo ◽  
Karina Braga Ribeiro ◽  
A. Lindsay Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Primary Malignancy ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Treatment Type

10010 Background: The probability of cure is very high for children with germ cell tumors (GCT), but late effects from cisplatinum can be quite significant. In addition to the immediate effects of oto-, neuro and nephrotoxicity, data from men treated for testicular cancer shows that the rate of second malignant neoplasm (SMN) is doubled and that a man treated before age 20 has a 50% chance of SMN by age 75. This study was designed to assess the risk of SMN among individuals treated for malignant GCT during childhood. Methods: We included all patients 0-19 years old with a primary diagnosis of malignant GCT registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) in the period 1973-2008. We analyzed tumors occurring at least 12 months after the first primary. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using SEER Stat, version 8.0.1. Results: The cohort comprised 1997 patients (798 women and 1,199 men); 86.3% had primary gonadal tumors (91% in men and 79.5% in women). The median age at diagnosis of the primary malignancy was 17 years (17 for males ; 15 for females), and for second malignancies was 27 (27 for males; 30 for females). Fifty eight SMNs were observed (21 in females; 37 in males). Among women, higher risk was observed to developing breast cancer (n=5; SIR=1.29; 95% CI= 0.42-3.02), thyroid cancer (n=5; SIR= 3.40; 95% CI= 1.1-7.93) and brain cancer (n=3; SIR= 9.19; 95% CI=1.89-26.85). Twenty-seven out of 37 second primary tumors observed in men were contralateral testicular tumors, conferring a 16.2 fold higher risk of developing this neoplasm (95% CI= 10.67-23.58). When the analysis excluded testis as a second site, a higher risk was noted for the development of pancreatic cancer (SIR=19.06; 95% CI=2.31-68.83) and leukemia (SIR=3.55; 95% CI=0.43-12.81). Conclusions: Rates of SMN are elevated in both men and women treated as children for pediatric germ cell tumors. Men need to be made aware of risk in contralateral testicle. The rates of SMN may continue to rise with longer follow up. The attribution of treatment type to risk of SMNs is not possible due to the lack of this information in SEER database.

Second Malignant Neoplasms and Cause of Death in Patients With Germ Cell Cancer

JAMA Oncology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria G. Kier ◽  
Merete K. Hansen ◽  
Jakob Lauritsen ◽  
Mette S. Mortensen ◽  
Mikkel Bandak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Germ Cell Cancer ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Second Malignant Neoplasms

scholarly journals Comparison on epidemiology, tumor location, histology, and prognosis of intracranial germ cell tumors between Mayo Clinic and Japanese consortium cohorts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Takami ◽  
Avital Perry ◽  
Christopher S. Graffeo ◽  
Caterina Giannini ◽  
Yoshitaka Narita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVECentral nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare malignant neoplasms that arise predominantly in adolescents and young adults. CNS GCTs demonstrate characteristic trends in national associations, with implications for both tumor incidence and genetics. Although the incidence of CNS GCTs is markedly higher in East Asia than Western countries, direct comparative analyses between these CNS GCT populations are limited.METHODSIn Japan, to facilitate the genomic analyses of CNS GCTs, the Intracranial Germ Cell Tumor Genome Analysis Consortium was established in 2011, and more than 200 cases of GCTs are available for both tumor tissue and clinical data, which is organized by the National Cancer Center (NCC) Japan. At the Mayo Clinic, there have been 98 cases of intracranial GCTs treated by the Department of Neurologic Surgery since 1988. In this paper, the authors compared the epidemiology, clinical presentation including location and histology, and prognosis between cases treated in the US and Japan.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in age and sex distributions between the databases. However, there was a significant difference in the tumor locations; specifically, the frequency of basal ganglia was higher in the NCC database compared with the Mayo Clinic (8.4% vs 0%, p = 0.008), and bifocal location (neurohypophysis and pineal gland) was higher at the Mayo Clinic than at the NCC (18.8% vs 5.8%, p = 0.002). There was no difference in histological subdivisions between the databases. There was no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of germinoma cases and OS of nongerminomatous GCT (NGGCT) cases treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy covering whole ventricles. However, PFS of NGGCTs differed significantly, and was better in the NCC cohorts (p = 0.04).CONCLUSIONSThere appears to be a differential distribution of GCTs by neuroanatomical location between major geographic and national groups. Further study is warranted to better characterize any underlying genomic, epigenetic, or environmental factors that may be driving the phenotypic differences.

scholarly journals Role of imprint cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-326
Author(s):  
Archana Shivamurthy ◽  
Padmapriya Jaiprakash
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Ovarian Neoplasms ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Imprint Cytology ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Secondary Tumors

Primary ovarian neoplasms constitute a heterogenous group of benign and malignant tumors of epithelial, sex cord–stromal, mesenchymal and germ cell origin. Secondary tumors constitute a minority. The management of benign and malignant ovarian neoplasms varies and it is here that imprint cytology plays a crucial role in diagnosis. It provides a rapid intraoperative diagnosis which will decide further treatment course for the patient. Imprint cytology of ovarian neoplasms is simple, inexpensive, challenging and provides a rapid diagnosis with excellent cellular details. The aim of the present study is to determine the role of imprint cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. A retrospective study was conducted in the department of pathology. A total of 53 cases were included in the study. In 48 cases, the imprint cytology findings correlated with the histopathological diagnosis. 5 cases did not correlate. Epithelial ovarian tumors accounted for the majority, (85%) followed by germ cell tumors (9.4%) and sex cord stromal tumors (5.6%). The sensitivity and specificity were 93.75% and 100% respectively. Thus imprint cytology is an effective cytological method in the diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms. Knowledge of specific cytological features for each tumor type helps in accurate diagnosis which in turn is valuable in immediate appropriate treatment and management of patients with benign or malignant neoplasms.

Multimodality treatment on long-term outcome of intracranial germ cell tumors in children: A single institution study

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10063-10063
Author(s):  
R. Kebudi ◽  
E. Darendeliler ◽  
I. Ayan ◽  
O. Gorgun ◽  
F. Yaman Agaoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Cranial Radiotherapy ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors

10063 Background: Intracranial germ cell tumors (iGCT) constitute 1% of all malignant neoplasms in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic characteristics, therapy, and long term outcome of children with iGCT in a single institution. Methods: 16 children (9 female, 7 male) with a median age of 11 years (10 months-18 yrs) treated for iGCT between 1990 and 2008 were evaluated retrospectively. They were treated according to our institutional protocol. Patients > 13 years old with germinomas recieved radiotherapy alone (2520 cGy craniospinal/1980 cGy local boost), patients <13 yrs old recieved 2 courses of etoposide, cisplatinum followed with cranial radiotherapy. Nongerminoma patients recieved 3 courses of bleomycine, etoposide, cisplatinum followed by 3600 cGy craniospinal / 1980 cGy local boost RT. Results: Presenting clinical features were diabetes insipidus (7), raised intracranial pressure (12), visual changes-oculomotor palsies (6), hypopituitarism (4). 8 had germinomas and 8 nongeminomatous GCT. Ten were suprasellar and 6 pineal. AFP and BHCG were evaluated at diagnosis and during therapy both in serum and CSF. Three had seeding in the spinal axis in MRI. One had widespead systemic metastasis. Three had a total resection, 12 had a biopsy, 1 was clinically/radiologically diagnosed, 5 had a shunt. Two nongerminamatous iGCT patients died: 1 of widespread disease in the intensive care unit at diagnosis, the other with progressive disease 18 months after diagnosis. Fourteen patients are alive at a median follow-up of 12 years (1–17 years) from diagnosis. One that had motor and mental retardation before diagnosis needs special care. All others have a moderate/good quality of life. One is married and has a child. Six are at school (2 in university). Five are employed. The patients are also followed up in the endocrinology clinic. One is recieving growth hormone. Conclusions: Cisplatin based chemotherapy and radiotherapy is successful and well tolerated in children with iGCT. The possibility of an early clinical diagnosis based on MRI and tumor markers and the use of modern neurosurgical techniques increases the chance of cure, gives a chance to reduce acute morbidity and further decrease late effects. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Clinicomorphological Study Of Ovarian Lesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Sushna Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Epithelial Tumors ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
The Common

This prospective study was conducted at College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital (CMS-TH) during December 2008 to May 2010. One hundred and fifty cases were analyzed. Age of the patients, parity, presenting symptoms, types of sur­gery, clinical diagnosis and complications were retrieved from case sheets. Surface epithelial tumors were more frequently observed above 30 years of age, (62.07%) cases. During 1st to 3rd decades of life, 62.8% germ cell tumors were seen; and sex cord tumors were seen in age group 41-60 years only. For all age groups, benign tumors were common than malignant tumors. There were 10.7% unmarried patients, 5.33% nulliparous, 35.55% of parity 1 to 2; 4% pregnant and 20 % postmeno­pausal women. There were 86.67% cases neoplastic, and 13.33% non-neoplastic ovarian lesions; 93.85% benign, 5.38% malignant and 0.77% borderline tumors. Surface epithelial tumors were the most common tumors (53.84%) followed by germ cell tumors (43.85%), constituted 46.7% and 38% among all ovarian lesions. The commonest benign tumors were serous cystadenomas and mature cystic teratomas, constituted 40% cases each. Dysgerminoma was the common malignant neoplasm (2.31%), all were seen in adolescents. Most of the other malignant neoplasms were observed above 40 years of age. Seventy percent (70%) of non-neoplastic lesions were hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts. The commonest presenting symptom was pain in the lower abdomen (82%) followed by abdominal mass/ or distension (48.7%). Constitutional symp­toms were observed in malignant cases only. Grossly, majority of the ovarian lesions were of size ranging 5 to 15 cm; and 89.93% cystic lesions. There were 48.7% lesions in the right ovary and 45.3% in the left ovary; 6% bilateral ovarian lesions, all of which were observed in benign and non-neoplastic lesions. The common complication observed was torsion (6.7%) followed by rupture of the cysts (6%). Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2013; 3(4); 17-24 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i4.9549

scholarly journals Extragonadal mediastinal germ cell tumor

2021 ◽  
pp. 144-151
Author(s):  
G. V. Tishchenko ◽  
A. I. Shalyga ◽  
I. A. Tsishchanka
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors

Extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) are neoplasms that develop from germ cells and have a similar histopathological structure with the gonadal forms of GCTs, but are located outside the gonads. GCTs are the most common malignant neoplasms in men aged 15–35. From 1 to 5 % of malignant GCTs are of the extragonadal origin.The work describes a clinical case of extragonadal mediastinal germ cell tumor, which was diagnosed at the stage of the histological examination of the surgical material.

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