scholarly journals Simulating the effects of water limitation on plant biomass using a 3D functional–structural plant model of shoot and root driven by soil hydraulics

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato K Braghiere ◽  
Frédéric Gérard ◽  
Jochem B Evers ◽  
Christophe Pradal ◽  
Loïc Pagès
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Soil Hydraulics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Improved modelling of carbon assimilation and plant growth to low soil moisture requires evaluation of underlying mechanisms in the soil, roots, and shoots. The feedback between plants and their local environment throughout the whole spectrum soil-root-shoot-environment is crucial to accurately describe and evaluate the impact of environmental changes on plant development. This study presents a 3D functional structural plant model, in which shoot and root growth are driven by radiative transfer, photosynthesis, and soil hydrodynamics through different parameterisation schemes relating soil water deficit and carbon assimilation. The new coupled model is used to evaluate the impact of soil moisture availability on plant productivity for two different groups of flowering plants under different spatial configurations. Methods In order to address different aspects of plant development due to limited soil water availability, a 3D FSP model including root, shoot, and soil was constructed by linking three different well-stablished models of airborne plant, root architecture, and reactive transport in the soil. Different parameterisation schemes were used in order to integrate photosynthetic rate with root water uptake within the coupled model. The behaviour of the model was assessed on how the growth of two different types of plants, i.e. monocot and dicot, is impacted by soil water deficit under different competitive conditions: isolated (no competition), intra, and interspecific competition. Key Results The model proved to be capable of simulating carbon assimilation and plant development under different growing settings including isolated monocots and dicots, intra, and interspecific competition. The model predicted that (1) soil water availability has a larger impact on photosynthesis than on carbon allocation; (2) soil water deficit has an impact on root and shoot biomass production by up to 90 % for monocots and 50 % for dicots; and (3) the improved dicot biomass production in interspecific competition was highly related to root depth and plant transpiration. Conclusions An integrated model of 3D shoot architecture and biomass development with a 3D root system representation, including light limitation and water uptake considering soil hydraulics, was presented. Plant-plant competition and regulation on stomatal conductance to drought were able to be predicted by the model. In the cases evaluated here, water limitation impacted plant growth almost 10 times more than the light environment.

scholarly journals Impact of Drought on Yields of Field Crops Grown under Different Agroecological Conditions in Croatia

1970 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan ŠIMUNIĆ ◽  
Stjepan HUSNJAK ◽  
Gabrijel ONDRAŠEK ◽  
Ivan MUSTAĆ ◽  
Vilim FILIPOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Impact

The research goal was to investigate the impact of drought on the yields of some field crops on three different locations in two different hydrological years (2003 and 2005). Research results show that yield quantity depends on the amount and distribution of precipitation. Yield decreases are higher in case of more severe droughts, and vice versa. With sufficient water in the soil in the dry 2003, it possible to increase crop yields from 98.1 % to 129.5 % in the Gospić region, from 44.9 % to 72.8 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region. In the hydrologically more favourable 2005, yields were increased from 18.6% to 42.2% in the Gospić region, from 16.1 % to 21.9 % in the Našice region and from to in the Virovitica region. Higher and safer yields in the studied regions can be achieved by compensating soil water deficit in all crop development stages, which requires construction of adequate irrigation systems.

Tolerance of Elevated Ozone and Water Stress in a California Population of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Paudel ◽  
David A. Grantz ◽  
Hai-Bang Vu ◽  
Anil Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Irrigation Efficiency ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
The Impact

Palmer amaranth is a highly invasive weed species causing huge economic losses in agricultural cropping systems under a broad range of environmental conditions. Sensitivity of this species to ozone (O3) air pollution and to soil water deficit, relative to native species or competing crops, may affect its competitiveness and invasive potential. In recent years, both high tropospheric O3and soil water deficiency have become common in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Responses to these environmental parameters may help predict the invasiveness of this species and have implications for landscape hydrology. We assessed the impact of O3and soil water deficit on Palmer amaranth. Five- to seven-leaf–stage potted plants were placed in continuous stirred tank reactor chambers and maintained for 30 to 35 d under 12-h mean daylight O3exposures (0700–1900 hours) of 4, 59, or 114 ppb O3. Within the chambers the plants were either well-watered (WW) or exposed to regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) and grown for about 7 wk. Dry weights of the leaves, stems, roots, and leaf area were determined. Day- and nighttime stomatal conductances (gs) were measured at 1.5-h intervals. Nocturnalgswas about 16 to 29% of daytimegs; this suggests that the species could have substantial nighttime water loss, uncoupled from carbon gain in the weed, and could affect water availability for crops and reduce irrigation efficiency. Nocturnalgswas lower in the RDI than in the WW, but daytimegswas not affected by O3or irrigation regime. Neither O3nor irrigation regime affected root or shoot parameters. As O3and drought are two key stressors in the San Joaquin Valley, to which potential competing species have been found to be sensitive, Palmer amaranth may proliferate and become more invasive in the future, potentially altering landscape hydrology and reducing irrigation efficiency.

Relation of Soil Water Deficit, Involved by Precipitation and Corn Yield on Vinkovci Area (Eastern Croatia)

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
M. Jurišić ◽  
Ž. Vidaček ◽  
Ž. Bukvić ◽  
D. Brkić ◽  
R. Emert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Soil Water Deficit

Water use by winter wheat as affected by soil management

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goss ◽  
K. R. Howse ◽  
Judith M. Vaughan-Williams ◽  
M. A. Ward ◽  
W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Maximum Depth ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Potential Yield

SummaryIn each of the years from September 1977 to July 1982 winter wheat was grown on one or more of three clay soil sites (clay content 35–55%) in Oxfordshire where the climate is close to the average for the area of England growing winter cereals.The effects on crop water use of different soil management practices, including ploughing, direct drilling and subsoil drainage, are compared. Cultivation treatment had little effect on the maximum depth of water extraction, which on average in these clay soils was 1·54 m below the soil surface. Maximum soil water deficit was also little affected by cultivation; the maximum recorded value was 186±7·6 mm. Subsoil drainage increased the maximum depth of water extraction by approximately 15 cm and the maximum soil water deficit by about 17 mm.Generally soil management had little effect on either total water use by the crop which was found to be close to the potential evaporation estimated by the method of Penman, or water use efficiency which for these crops was about 52 kg/ha par mm water used.Results are discussed in relation to limitations to potential yield.

The Effect of Dry Pegging Zone Soil on Pod Formation of Florunner Peanut1

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Sexton ◽  
J. M. Bennett ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Pod Development

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fruit growth is sensitive to surface soil (0-5 cm) conditions due to its subterranean fruiting habit. This study was conducted to determine the effect of soil water content in the pegging zone (0-5 cm) on peanut pod growth rate and development. A pegging-pan-root-tube apparatus was used to separately control soil water content in the pegging and root zone for greenhouse trials. A field study also was conducted using portable rainout shelters to create a soil water deficit. Pod phenology, pod and seed growth rates, and final pod and seed dry weights were determined. In greenhouse studies, dry pegging zone soil delayed pod and seed development. In the field, soil water deficits in the pegging and root zone decreased pod and seed growth rates by approximately 30% and decreased weight per seed from 563 to 428 mg. Pegs initiating growth during drought stress demonstrated an ability to suspend development during the period of soil water deficit and to re-initiate pod development after the drought stress was relieved.

scholarly journals Drought resistance of sugar-cane crop for different levels of water availability in the soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando da S. Barbosa ◽  
Rubens D. Coelho ◽  
Rafael Maschio ◽  
Carlos J. G. de S. Lima ◽  
Everaldo M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Different Levels

Soil water availability is the main cause of reduced productivity, and the early development period most sensitive to water deficit. This study aimed to evaluate the drought resistance of the varieties of sugar-cane RB867515 and SP81-3250 during the early development using different levels of water deficit on four soil depths. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Biosystems at Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" (ESALQ/USP) in a greenhouse in soil classified as Oxisol, sandy loam texture (Series "Sertãozinho"). Once exhausted the level of available water in the soil, the dry strength of the studied strains are relatively low. Water balance with values less than -13 mm cause a significant decrease in the final population of plants, regardless of the variety, and values below -35 mm, leads to the death of all plants.

scholarly journals Increased Tolerance of Citrus (Citrus tangerina) Seedlings to Soil Water Deficit after Mycorrhizal Inoculation: Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Defense System

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Dan NI ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
Yong-Ming HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance tolerance of plants to soil water deficit, whereas morphological observations of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme system are poorly studied. The present study thereby evaluated temporal variations of the antioxidant enzyme system in citrus (Citrus tangerina) seedlings colonized by Glomus etunicatum and G. mosseae over a 12-day period of soil drying. Root colonization by G. etunicatum and G. mosseae decreased with soil drying days from 32.0 to 1.0% and 50.1 to 4.5% in 0-day to 12-day, respectively. Compared to the non-AM controls, the AMF colonized plants had significantly lower tissue (both leaves and roots) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2•–) concentrations during soil water deficit, whereas 1.03–1.92, 1.25–1.84 and 1.18–1.69 times higher enzyme activity in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase. In situ leaf H2O2 and root POD location also showed that AM seedlings had less leaf H2O2 but higher root POD accumulation. Furthermore, significantly higher root infection and antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants colonized with G. mosseae expressed than with G. etunicatum during the soil drying. These results demonstrated that the AMs could confer greater tolerance of citrus seedlings to soil water deficit through an enhancement in their antioxidant enzyme defence system whilst an decrease level in H2O2 and O2•–.

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