scholarly journals Modelling Seedling Growth Rates of 18 Temperate Arable Weed Species as a Function of the Environment and Plant Traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. STORKEY
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arable Weed

Butenolide from plant-derived smoke enhances germination and seedling growth of arable weed species

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew I. Daws ◽  
Jennifer Davies ◽  
Hugh W. Pritchard ◽  
Neville A. C. Brown ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arable Weed

scholarly journals Absorption and Elimination of the Allelochemical MBOA by Weeds during Seedling Growth

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Alberto Oliveros-Bastidas ◽  
José M. G. Molinillo ◽  
Francisco A. Macias ◽  
Nuria Chinchilla
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Xenobiotic Compound

6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) is an allelochemical that is found in Poaceae and is generally associated with monocotyledon species. This compound is formed from the glycosylated form of 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (Gly-DIMBOA) by a two-stage degradation process. The MBOA detoxification capacity of two weed species, namely Echinochloa crus-galli and Lolium rigidum, and a resistant biotype of Lolium rigidum (SLR31) was studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. The product of metabolism is similar for both weed species. This finding indicates that these weeds probably metabolize xenobiotics by an identical route, since the product detected was the same in both cases. Kinetic studies on the absorption and translocation to the shoot showed differences in these processes depending on the species. The analysis of treated plants, which were subsequently transplanted to a growth medium without xenobiotic compound, showed that the weeds studied are capable of transmitting the previously absorbed compound to the medium by root exudation. The results show that this process is another defense mechanism of plants facing external threats.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF A WEED SPECIES, CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. AND CLEOME VISCOSA L. ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK GRAM (VIGNA MUNGO (L.) HEPPER.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Kavitha D ◽  
Arumugam K
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Cleome Viscosa

The present study was aimed to investigate the allelopathic influence of two weed species Cyperus rotundus L. and Cleome viscosa L. against the growth of Black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper). Aqueous extracts (5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentrations) of whole plants of C. rotundus and C. viscosa were employed to investigate their influence on the germination and seedling growth of the black gram. The aqueous whole plants extracts ( from 5% to 100% concentrations) of C. rotundus and C. viscosa exhibited an inhibitory effects on all the parameters employed in the germination percentage, root and shoot growth, fresh and dry weight, content of chlorophyll, starch, sugar and protein contents of Black gram over control. The extracts of both the weeds caused a minimum inhibition on germination and seedling growth of Black gram at 5% concentration and the intensity of inhibition increased when increased extract concentrations. The aqueous extracts of C. rotundus and C. viscosa showed an inhibitory effect on Black gram but their effect was more severe on black gram by the extract treatments of C. rotundus than that of C. viscosa.

scholarly journals Assessment of weed establishment risk in a changing European climate

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terho Hyvönen ◽  
Miska Luoto ◽  
Pertti Uotila
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
European Climate ◽  
Arable Weed ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Moderate Climate

We aimed at assessing establishment risk for 25 arable weed species in a changing European climate for the period 2051–2080. An increase (0.3–46.7%) in the range size was projected for the 14 species and a decrease (1.2–67.4%) for the 11 species in a future climate. The inclusion of the land use data increased the explanatory power of the models. The greatest increases in range sizes were projected for Amaranthus retroflexus, Papaver hybridum and Fumaria parviflora, and declines for Sinapis arvensis, Cerastium semidecandrum and Chenopodium rubrum. Application of a more severe climate scenario (HadCM3A2) affected decline (0.5–18.5%) for 12 species and increase (2.2–31.5%) for 13 species in the range size projections compared with the less severe (HadCM3B2) scenario. Both model scenarios projected high percentage species loss in Mediterranean and temperate Europe, but high species gain in the Alps, Carpathians and in boreal Europe. The results suggest that even under moderate climate scenarios drastic changes in the weed establishment risk can be expected to take place in Europe in the future.  

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the germination and seedling growth of crop and weed species

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasr Hassan Gomaa ◽  
Mahmoud Omar Hassan ◽  
Gamal Mohammad Fahmy ◽  
Luís González ◽  
Ola Hammouda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

scholarly journals Weeds of Paddy Field at Kirtipur, Kathmandu

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailaza Manandhar ◽  
Bharat B Shrestha ◽  
Hari D Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Crop Weed Competition

Paddy (Oryza sativa L. var. Taiching-127) fields of Kirtipur, central Nepal, were studied to evaluate the effects of weeds on crop yield during June to October 2003. Weed community was recorded in permanently marked plots (2 x 2 m2 each), and grain and straw yields were measured. The effect of aqueous extracts (2 to 10%) of leaf, stem and root of dominant weeds (Echinochloa colona, E. crusgalli, Cyperus iria and Ageratum conyzoides) on germination and seedling growth of the paddy (Taiching-127) was examined in the laboratory. Altogether 52 weed species (27 dicot and 25 monocot) belonging to 32 genera and 15 families infested the paddy. The maximum weed density was observed in September (105 pl/m2). There was significant reduction in straw and grain yield of paddy in weedy plots and negative correlation between weed species richness and straw yield. Crop weed competition reduced straw yield by 13% to 38% and grain yield by 25% to 47%. Weed growth changed pH and reduced soil nitrogen and phosphorus content. Aqueous extracts of root, stem and leaf of dominant weeds (Echinochloa colona, E. crus-galli, Cyperus iria and Ageratum conyzoides) showed a weak effect on seeds germination however most of them had inhibitory effect on root and shoot elongation of paddy seedlings. Root elongation was more sensitive to allelopathic inhibition than shoot elongation. Stem extract of these weeds showed higher inhibition on seedling growth of paddy than leaf and root extract except in Ageratum conyzoides in which root extract showed highest inhibition. Keywords: Allelopathy; Crop-weed competition; Soil nutrients; Germination; Grain yield. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5.2665 Scientific World, Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 100-106

The host range of beet yellowing viruses among common arable weed species

1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. STEVENS ◽  
H. G. SMITH ◽  
P. B. HALLSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arable Weed

Dormancy, germination and seedling growth of two Kalaharian perennials of the genus Harpagophytum (Pedaliaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. O. Ernst ◽  
T. Tietema ◽  
E. M. Veenendaal ◽  
R. Masene
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Drought Avoidance

ABSTRACTDormancy and germination ecology of two Harpagophytum species (Pedaliaceae) from an open Acacia savanna in Botswana were investigated. The maintenance of dormancy is governed partly by the seed coat but mainly by the endosperm and the embryo itself, as demonstrated by removal of the endosperm. Dissemination of the seed from the fruit can be delayed for several years without affecting the viability of the embryo, due to very low respiration rates.Germination can be enhanced slightly by high temperatures under natural conditions, and by gibberellic acid or removal of the endosperm under laboratory conditions. Relative growth rates for both Harpagophytum species are lower than for subtropical grasses and legumes, due to a strong investment in root and tuber biomass. Germination and seedling growth is discussed in relation to the drought avoidance syndrome and the animal disperser syndrome.

A study of phosphorus nutrition and water supply on the early growth and survival of buffel grass grown on a sandy red earth from south-west Queensland

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK Christie
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
South West ◽  
Red Earth ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The influence of phosphorus application on the growth and drought survival of buffel grass on a sandy red earth in south west Queensland was studied in a series of pot experiments. An omission nutrient trial showed phosphorus was the principal nutrient limiting seedling growth, the severity of the deficiency increasing with time. A further pot experiment showed that at rates greater than 24 kg P ha-1 luxury consumption occurred. The critical phosphorus concentration for the plant was estimated to be 0.26 per cent. The available (0.01 NH2SO4 extractable) soil phosphorus concentration corresponding to this critical tissue concentration was 25 p.p.m. Beyond the 2-leaf seedling stage, the seedling depended increasingly on external phosphorus for growth. Under conditions of phosphorus deficiency, phosphorus absorption rates were insufficient to maintain tissue phosphorus at the concentrations necessary for healthy growth, and relative growth rates were low. In the presence of phosphorus, absorption and growth rates increased. Maturity of phosphorus deficient plants was characteristically delayed but with little yield loss. The addition of phosphorus increased seedling growth rate, root development and drought survival. The depth of root penetration is considered to be the major factor responsible for survival.

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