scholarly journals Hymenasplenium volubile: documentation of its gametophytes and the first record of a hemiepiphyte in the Aspleniaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-835
Author(s):  
Jacob L Watts ◽  
Robbin C Moran ◽  
James E Watkins
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
First Record ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Lower Margin ◽  
Fern Gametophyte ◽  
Gametophyte Ecology ◽  
Field Setting

Abstract Background and Aims Through careful field examination of the growth habit of the gametophytes and sporophytes of Hymenasplenium volubile across an ontogenetic series, we aim to understand better the evolution of epiphytism in this poorly understood group of ferns Methods We made field observations of H. volubile sporophytes and gametophytes, and brought specimens back to the lab for microscopic analysis. In the field, sporophytes at each ontogenetic stage were photographed to document the species’ growth habit. We used an existing phylogeny to optimize growth form of New World Hymenasplenium. Key Results Young sporophytes were at first fully epiphytic and produced one or two long feeding roots that extend to the soil where they branch profusely. The feeding roots remain in contact with the soil throughout the life of the plant. Thus, H. volubile is a hemiepiphyte. While immature, gametophytes are appressed to the tree trunk, but, as their gametangia mature, their lower margin lifts upward, imparting a shelf-like appearance to the thallus. The thallus attaches to the substrate by branched rhizoids produced along the margin of the thallus in contact with the substrate. Conclusions Hemiepiphytes are a key link in the evolution of epiphytic ferns and may act as a bridge between the forest floor and the canopy. Our finding is the first report of hemiepiphytism in Aspleniaceae, a large lineage with many epiphytic and terrestrial taxa. This work serves as an important model to understand the evolution of epiphytism in this group specifically and in ferns in general. The majority of our understanding of fern gametophyte biology is derived from laboratory studies. Our efforts represent a fundamental contribution to understanding fern gametophyte ecology in a field setting.

Skeletal microstructure and mode of attachment in Palaeacis species (Anthozoa: Tabulata) from the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian of northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Mode Of Attachment ◽  
Prostrate Growth ◽  
External Ornamentation

Three species of the Paleozoic coral Palaeacis are described from northeastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas. Included are the Chesterian species P. carinata Girty and P. snideri n. nom., a replacement name for the junior homonym P. cuneata Snider, and the Desmoinesian? species P. erecta n. sp. Coralla of each species exhibit two types of microstructure that characterize two skeletal zones. The outer skeletal zone is composed of numerous parallel trabeculae, mostly between 0.2 and 0.3 mm in diameter, that lie perpendicular to, and have their accretionary surfaces on, the exterior surface of the corallum. Trabeculae are closely spaced laterally and are not organized into rows except uncommonly on the distal portion of some coralla. Where trabeculae coalesce into parallel rows, ornamentation on the corallum exterior consists of parallel ridges or rows of small nodes. Where trabeculae are irregularly arranged, external ornamentation consists of irregularly disposed nodes. The inner skeletal zone consists of radially fibrous stereoplasm arranged into discrete septal spines that coalesce into irregularly developed septal ridges in each calice. In P. erecta, septal spines merge into continuous layers of fibro-normal stereoplasm in some places. On the basis of microstructure, corallum morphology, and external ornamentation P. carinata and P. snideri can be allied with P. axinoides Smyth and P. robusta Webb. Palaeacis erecta falls within the same group on the basis of microstructure and ornament, but has a unique corallum morphology.Two distinct types of skeletal attachment occur in these Palaeacis species. Palaeacis carinata and P. snideri exhibit an encrusting attachment surface that results in a prostrate growth habit wherein smaller substrates were entirely engulfed, producing free-living coralla. Palaeacis erecta exhibits a small, circular attachment surface and an erect growth habit wherein most skeletal accretion occurs perpendicular to, and away from, the substrate. The substrate is not engulfed and the corallum remains attached and sessile throughout astogeny. Palaeacis erecta is, to date, the only Palaeacis species known to possess this erect, sessile growth form.

First Record of the Family Camillidae in the New World (Diptera)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 954-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. McAlpine
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
First Record ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Separate Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
To Receive

The discovery of Camilla glabra (Fallen) in Ottawa, Canada, is the first record of the existence in the New World of any member of the interesting little family Camillidae. A single male specimen taken June 15, 1954, by D. G. F. Cobb while collecting insects in her garden, would seem to indicate the species is established here.The family Camillidae consists of the single genus Camilla Haliday, which for many years was assigned to the family Drosophilidae. Frey, (1921) considered it sufficiently differentiated from the Drosophilidae to warrant separate status and erected the family Camillidae to receive it. Duda (1934), Wheeler (1952, p. 164), and Collin (1956) all recognized the group as a family distinct from the Drosophilidae. More recently, Hennig (1958, p. 665) placed it as a separate family in the Drosophiloidea, pointing out that while it has certain characters in common with Curtonotidae and Drosophilidae, it shows even more affinities with Diastatidae and Ephydridae.

scholarly journals Detection of Bioactive Compounds in the Mucus Nets ofDendropoma maxima, Sowerby 1825 (Prosobranch Gastropod Vermetidae, Mollusca)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Klöppel ◽  
Franz Brümmer ◽  
Denise Schwabe ◽  
Gertrud Morlock
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
First Record ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Feeding Pressure ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The sessile suspension-feeding wormsnailDendropoma maxima, Sowerby 1825 (Vermetidae) secretes a mucus net to capture planktonic prey. The nets are spread out over the corals and often have remarkable deleterious effects on them like changes in growth form and pigmentation shifts not uncommonly resulting in tissue necrosis. Until now, there is no explanation for this phenomenon although the indication as well as theories about its genesis is mentioned in several publications. Vermetids are well studied concerning the intraspecific competition with neighboring individuals but not in their interaction with other taxa like corals or fish. We did extensivein situvideo recording and observed that fish avoided the plankton-load nets although several specialized taxa are known to be molluscivores, mucivores, and/or feed on plankton. As many molluscs use chemical weapons to combat feeding pressure and to defend themselves against predators, we screened empty and plankton-load mucus nets for potential bioactive metabolites. Bioactivity testing was performed with a recently developed system based on a chromatographic separation (high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)) and a bioassay with luminescent bacteriaVibrio fischeri. Thus, we found at least two active compounds exclusively accumulated by the wormsnails themselves. This is the first record of bioactive properties in the whole family of Vermetidae.

scholarly journals A New Species of the Genus Herina (Diptera, Ulidiidae) from Dominica (Lesser Antilles)

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
E. P. Kameneva
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New World ◽  
First Record ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
World Species ◽  
A New Species

Herina caribbeana Kameneva, sp. n. from Dominica is described and figured. It is related to the narytia group of species, to date represented by 4 North American species, but differs from these by the wing pattern (dark spots at apex of R1 and on the crossbands r-m and dm-cu separated, not forming crossband), as well as male genitalia (prensisetae long and close together). This is the first record of the genus Herina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 from the Neotropical Region. A key to the New World species is provided.

scholarly journals Duroides Melichar, 1906 – first New World genus of the tribe Parahiraciini (Hemiptera: Issidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 323 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-591
Author(s):  
V.M. Gnezdilov
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New World ◽  
First Record ◽  
Single Female

Duroides globosus Melichar, 1906, type species of the genus Duroides Melichar, 1906, known after a single female from Brazil, is redescribed and placed in the tribe Parahiraciini Cheng et Yang, 1991 according to well developed bilobed hind wings, with deep cubital cleft. This is the first record of the tribe Parahiraciini from the New World treated before mostly as Oriental endemic.

Rediscovery of Glenurus incalis Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), and notes on the Brazilian species of Glenurus Hagen

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4858 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
RENATO JOSE PIRES MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Brazilian Species

The antlion species, Glenurus incalis Banks is the most enigmatic species of this New World genus. It was described almost 100 years ago based on a single female collected in the Peruvian Amazon, which until today remained as the only known specimen. Herein I report four new specimens of Glenurus incalis, which were used to thoroughly redescribe the species and to expand its distribution to Brazil. Notes on the other Brazilian species of Glenurus is also presented, including the first record of G. heteropteryx Gerstaecker to the country. 

First record of a pygmy backswimmer (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pleidae) from Micronesia

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1617 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-68
Author(s):  
RICHARD S. ZACK ◽  
AUBREY MOORE ◽  
ROSS H. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
First Record ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Old World ◽  
The Family ◽  
Slow Moving

Pygmy backswimmers, pleids, can be common in aquatic habitats with stagnant or slow-moving water that is rich in vegetation.  They are small bugs, usually less than 3.5 mm in length and confine themselves to the vegetation in which they hide and where they prey on mosquito larvae and other small arthropods (Schuh and Slater 1995).  The family is represented by 37 species in three genera: Plea, confined to the Old World; Neoplea confined to the New World; and Paraplea, the largest and most widely distributed genus (Schuh and Slater 1995).

Genetic and morphological analysis of multi-stemmed plants of tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Byrne ◽  
A. Koenders ◽  
K. Rogerson ◽  
J. Sampson ◽  
E. J. B. van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Swan Coastal Plain ◽  
Eucalyptus Gomphocephala ◽  
Stressful Environments

The tuart–banksia woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain in Western Australia are characteristic vegetation communities of this coastal region, and Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC. (Myrtaceae; tuart) is an iconic tree of these communities. The species primarily occurs as a tall single-stemmed tree, but at the northern end of the distribution, it also occurs in a multi-stemmed form. Growth habit is frequently used as a taxonomic character in eucalypts, with many complexes having tree and mallee forms, although the genetic characterisation of growth habit in eucalypts has been limited. We investigated the genetic and morphological differentiation among populations of tree and multi-stemmed forms of tuart at the northern end of its distribution. Although the populations showed moderate levels of genetic diversity on the basis of microsatellite markers, as might be expected from populations on the periphery of the distribution, there was no evidence of genetic differentiation associated with the tree and multi-stemmed forms. Morphometric analysis showed some differences in the size of buds and fruits among the populations. Our analysis is consistent with environmentally induced variation in tuart in near-coastal populations where plants grow on poor soils and form may be affected by wind and salt exposure. This result adds to other evidence from pines and Nothofagus of environmental rather than genetic influences on growth form, particularly in stressful environments.

scholarly journals The first record of the family Cithaeronidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea) to the new world

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 512-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo S. Carvalho ◽  
Alexandre B. Bonaldo ◽  
Antonio D. Brescovit
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
New World ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Accidental Introduction

Three females of Cithaeron praedonius O.P.-Cambridge, 1872 (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea, Cithaeronidae), the most widespread species of the family, were found in urban areas in Teresina, capital of the state of Piauí, northeast Brazil. This first record of the family Cithaeronidae to the new world is explained by accidental introduction.

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