The White-Crowned Sparrow: Reproductive Success (1975-1980)

The Auk ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Petrinovich ◽  
Thomas L. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
The Other ◽  
Egg Predation ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Zonotrichia Leucophrys ◽  
Twin Peaks ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Territorial Bird ◽  
Successful Predation

Abstract We report the results of a 6-yr study of two banded populations of sedentary White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli). All birds were banded and territory holders identified each year. We determined the outcome of 1,264 nests and located all nests of 186 pairs during a breeding season. Each pair produced an average of 2.5 fledglings in a season. Given the fact that a territorial bird has an expectancy of remaining on territory about 1.5 yr, the population seems to be at a stable level. The birds at one of the study locations, Twin Peaks, were less successful overall and more variable year to year than at the other, the Presidio. The differences between the two areas could be the result of severe weather changes that altered the characteristics of the vegetation. Only 0.34 of the total number of nests (978) were successful, predation being the greatest cause of nest failure. Of the total nests, 0.39 were lost to predation (0.13 to egg predation and 0.26 to nestling predation). Survival rates indicate that nest mortality is 0.0197 per day for the incubation stage, 0.0450 per day for the nestling stage, and 0.0366 per day for the total nesting period. Although it is possible that observer disturbance biased the results, the increased understanding of these birds that is derived from establishing natal sites, parentage, and kinship is of greater benefit than the probable cost of any such disturbance.

scholarly journals DE NARCISO A ORFEO. ALTERIDAD NARRATIVA Y ESPECTATORIAL EN TWIN PEAKS. THE RETURN DE DAVID LYNCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Víctor ITURREGUI-MOTILOA
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
David Lynch ◽  
Twin Peaks ◽  
The Spectator

Resumen: Este artículo propone un estudio de la alteridad y la ficción en la serie Twin Peaks. The Return. Realizaremos un estudio de las decisiones formales y narrativas como procesos de significación, con el análisis fílmico y narratológico como herramienta. El trabajo se centra en la construcción del punto de vista y la identificación del espectador. El motivo de los mundos y figuras duplicadas desarrollado por David Lynch en su cine alcanza su acmé en la ficción televisiva. Además, estas ideas se materializan en la revisión de dos de los mitos clásicos sobre la relación con el Otro: Orfeo y Narciso.Abstract: This paper consists on a study of alterity and fiction in Twin Peaks. The Return. It will discuss the formal and narrative decisions as forms of signification, using film and narratological analysis. This research will pay attention to the construction of the point of view and to the identification of the spectator towards these images. The classical themes on lynchean films, such as alternative and duplicate worlds and figures, sublimate in TV fiction. Moreover, these ideas are represented by reinterpreting two myths related to the Other: Orpheus and Narcissus.

Performance-Based Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Professional Athletes Differ Between Sports

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2226-2232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry T. Mai ◽  
Danielle S. Chun ◽  
Andrew D. Schneider ◽  
Brandon J. Erickson ◽  
Ryan D. Freshman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Professional Athletes ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Excellent outcomes have been reported for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in professional athletes in a number of different sports. However, no study has directly compared these outcomes between sports. Purpose: To determine if differences in performance-based outcomes exist after ACLR between professional athletes of each sport. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: National Football League (NFL), National Basketball Association (NBA), National Hockey League (NHL), and Major League Baseball (MLB) athletes undergoing primary ACLR for an acute rupture were identified through an established protocol of injury reports and public archives. Sport-specific performance statistics were collected before and after surgery for each athlete. Return to play (RTP) was defined as a successful return to the active roster for at least 1 regular-season game after ACLR. Results: Of 344 professional athletes who met the inclusion criteria, a total of 298 (86.6%) returned to play. NHL players had a significantly higher rate of RTP (95.8% vs 83.4%, respectively; P = .04) and a shorter recovery time (258 ± 110 days vs 367 ± 268 days, respectively; P < .001) than athletes in all the other sports. NFL athletes experienced significantly shorter careers postoperatively than players in all the other sports (2.1 vs 3.2 years, respectively; P < .001). All athletes played fewer games ( P ≤ .02) 1 season postoperatively, while those in the NFL had the lowest rate of active players 2 and 3 seasons postoperatively (60%; P = .002). NBA and NFL players showed decreased performance at season 1 after ACLR ( P ≤ .001). NFL players continued to have lower performance at seasons 2 and 3 ( P = .002), while NBA players recovered to baseline performance. Conclusion: The data indicate that NFL athletes fare the worst after ACLR with the lowest survival rate, shortest postoperative career length, and sustained decreases in performance. NHL athletes fare the best with the highest rates of RTP, highest survival rates, longest postoperative career lengths, and no significant changes in performance. The unique physical demand that each sport requires is likely one of the explanations for these differences in outcomes.

Twin Peaks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Colander ◽  
Roland Kupers
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Twin Peaks ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Evolving System ◽  
Policy Frame ◽  
The Government

This chapter provides an overview of the book’s main themes. It discusses the notion of a complexity frame, which is a fundamentally different policy frame provided by complexity science. The central policy choice in a complexity frame is not the market or the government. The goal of policy in the complexity frame is not to choose one or the other. Instead, policy is seen as affecting a complex evolving system that cannot be controlled. But while it cannot be controlled, it can be influenced, and policymakers have to continually think how to work with evolutionary pressures, and try to guide those pressures toward desirable ends. Within the complexity frame, top-down control actions are a last resort. Their use suggests that you have failed in your previous attempts to get the ecostructure right.

scholarly journals Current Therapeutic Approaches in Metastatic and Recurrent Ewing Sarcoma

Sarcoma ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Huang ◽  
Kenneth Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Ewing Sarcoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Salvage Chemotherapy ◽  
Common Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Primary Bone ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Improvement In Survival ◽  
Potential Use

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is the second most common type of primary bone malignancy in children and young adults. Survival rates for localized ES have improved to upwards of 70% with aggressive chemotherapy and local control. On the other hand, there has been little improvement in survival rates for patients with metastatic or recurrent ES. Herein we review the different current therapeutic approaches available, including the different upfront and salvage chemotherapy regimens, the role for stem cell transplantation, and potential use of immunotherapy.

Dispersal and survival of Anopheles funestus and A. gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) during the rainy season in southeast Tanzania

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Takken ◽  
J.D. Charlwood ◽  
P.F. Billingsley ◽  
G. Gort
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Anopheles Funestus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Fluorescent Powder ◽  
Local Topography ◽  
Release Area ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractIn a rural area of southeastern Tanzania, studies were undertaken on the dispersal and survival of Anopheles funestus Giles and A. gambiae Giles s.l. during the rainy season. Blood fed, resting mosquitoes were collected indoors, marked with fluorescent powder and released on the same day from two different sites in the study area. For two weeks indoor resting mosquitoes were collected from 11 houses in the release area. Additional collections were made with a light trap from a sentinel house in the centre of the study area. Anopheles funestus was more abundant than A. gambiae s.l. Of 4262 A. funestus and 645 A. gambiae s.l. released, 4.3% and 7.4%, respectively, were recaptured. Dispersal of mosquitoes was not random: one of three areas was favoured significantly more than the other areas, as shown by the recapture and movement rates of marked mosquitoes. Based on the regression of the recapture rate, estimated daily survival rates of A. funestus and A. gambiae s.l. were 0.63 and 0.78, respectively. These were significantly different. The differences in dispersal and survival rates between the two species are discussed in view of local topography and species-specific characteristics.

INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN SOME REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN SWINE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. FAHMY ◽  
C. S. BERNARD
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Percentage Survival ◽  
Weaning Pig ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Size At Birth

The associations between 15 preweaning traits in pigs were studied to determine which had the most important effects on litter weights at birth and weaning. The traits were litter size at birth and weaning, number born alive, percentage survival to birth and weaning, pig and litter weights at birth and weaning, daily gain from birth to weaning, gestation length, number of teats, weights of dam at farrowing and at weaning, and the change in dam weight during lactation. Of the 105 correlations, 66 were statistically significant, though many were markedly low. Litter weights at birth and weaning were significantly and relatively highly correlated with most of the other traits, whereas number of teats was correlated only with survival rates at birth and weaning and pig birth weight. The results showed that the importance of litter size was almost twice that of pig weight in determining litter weights at birth and weaning. The results in general indicated that most of the economically important traits related to swine reproductivity are favorably associated.

Combination therapy of intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil and systemic pegylated interferon alpha-2b for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 216-216
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kasai ◽  
Kei Sawara ◽  
Kazuyuki Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pegylated Interferon ◽  
Early Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Cumulative Survival ◽  
Advanced Hcc ◽  
Sorafenib Group

216 Background: Two recent phase III clinical trials have shown that sorafenib improves the survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, patients with HCC and portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) usually have very short survival even when treated with sorafenib. On the other hand, recent advances in implantable drug delivery systems have made it possible to administer repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) agent. Since 2006, we have treated the patients displaying advanced HCC with PVTT by combined HAIC of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and systemic pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)α-2b, and reported favorable results. In this article, we evaluated the efficacy of combined 5-FU and PEG-IFN α-2b, and compared outcomes between advanced HCC patients with PVTT treated using sorafenib. Methods: Forty patients with HCC and PVTT were enrolled. Of these, 21 patients were treated using subcutaneous administration of PEG-IFNα-2b and intra-arterial infusion of 5-FU [5-FU / PEG-IFN group], 19 patients were treated using continuous oral treatment with 400-800 mg of sorafenib [Sorafenib group]. We compared the early response to the therapy and the cumulative survival rate between these two groups. Results: The objective early response rate in the 5-FU / PEG-IFN group was significantly higher than that in the Sorafenib group (71.4 vs. 10.5%, P<0.01). The cumulative survival rates at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively, were 83.8, 77.8, 55.6, and 55.6% in the 5FU / PEG-IFN group, and 68.4, 37.7, 16.2, and 16.2% in the Sorafenib group. The cumulative survival rates was significantly higher in the 5FU / PEG-IFN group than in the Sorafenib group (P=0.03). Serious complications and treatment-related deaths were not observed in the 5FU / PEG-IFN group. On the other hand, the rate of discontinuation of treatment due to adverse events was 36.8% of the patients who were treated sorafenib. Conclusions: Based on our findings, this newly developed combination therapy may be useful for patients with advanced HCC, although a large-scale randomized controlled study by comparison with sorafenib is needed.

Comparison of five crossbreeding types involving Timahdit, D’man and improved terminal sire breeds of sheep: ewe reproduction, lamb survival and growth performance

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El Fadili ◽  
C. Michaux ◽  
J. Detilleux ◽  
P. L. Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Unfavourable Effect ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Lamb Survival ◽  
Terminal Sire

AbstractA crossbreeding experiment involving Timahdit (T), D'man (D) and improved sire breeds (M) was conducted to compare lamb production in five crossbreeding types: D ✕ D, T ✕ T, D ✕ T (DT), M ✕ T, and M ✕ DT lambs. Reproductive and production traits were analysed in 1187 litters, 1586 lambs born and 1346 lambs weaned, progeny of 605 ewes. Effects of crossbreeding type, year of birth, sex of lamb, age of dam, and type of birth were significant on the majority of traits studied. The D ✕ D and M ✕ DT crossbreeding system showed the highest litter sizes at lambing and at weaning with respective values in D ✕ D (2·17, 1·34) and M ✕ DT (1·72, 1·39). Ewes bearing the M ✕ DT cross lambs showed the highest (P < 0·05) litter weight at weaning (28·28 kg) followed by those with M ✕ T (23·14 kg), and D ✕ D (22·53 kg) lambs. M ✕ DT and M ✕ T lambs were heavier and grew faster than the other lambs. On the other hand, lamb survival rates and growth traits were the lowest in D ✕ D but those in T ✕ T and D ✕ T genetic types of lamb were intermediate. Results showed that D as a dam breed had a favourable effect on litter size (P < 0·01) but unfavourable effect on lamb survival and birth weight. The reproductive performance of DT crossbred ewes, due to their high prolificacy and lamb survival, associated with the favourable effect of an improved terminal sire (M) for growth traits, indicated that the three breed cross (M ✕ DT) could enhance lamb production in Morocco.

Comparing Effectiveness of Four Graphical Designs for Probabilistic Hazard Information for Tornado Threat

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 2029-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed M. Miran ◽  
Chen Ling ◽  
Joseph J. James ◽  
Lans Rothfusz
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
Scale Design

Finding effective measures to decrease the nation’s loss resulting from severe weather is crucial. Probabilistic Hazard Information (PHI) system is being developed for severe weather forecasting. Little work has been done to investigate which kind of graphical designs for PHI can increase users’ perception and interpretation, and elicit the best user response to the threats. This study investigates the effects of varying graphical designs for tornado threat. Four designs, “four colors”,” red scale”, “gray scale” and “contour” were tested. Radar was provided for one set of treatments, the other without radar. Analysis showed response time significantly decreased for designs without radar. “Without radar” displays helped participants make significantly more accurate decisions than “with radar” displays. Participant’s preference, the “four colors” design, was the most effective choice among “without radar” displays. For “Without radar” displays, “gray scale” design results in higher accuracy for interpreting threat information and choosing appropriate responses.

Seasonal Distribution, Constitution, and Abundance of Zooplankton in Lake Erie

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2459-2476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Lake Morphology ◽  
Similar Series ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Work Done

Zooplankton samples, collected by vertical hauls from near bottom to the surface, were obtained from 28 stations along the length of Lake Erie in October 1967. A partial similar series, confined largely to the Western Basin because of ice conditions, was collected in January 1968. The results of the analyses are tabulated as numbers of individuals per m3, and are discussed. Comparisons are made with results previously published for a comparable series of stations visited in July 1967.As in July, distinct differences were to be seen among the three major basins (Western, Central, and Eastern) in the October results. These differences are summarized. In July an expected decrease in zooplankton, such as would be predicted from lake morphology, amount of runoff from rivers, etc., occurred from west to east in the lake. In October, however, the zooplankton of the Western Basin was extremely impoverished, and the expected distribution of biomass was reversed. It is shown, on the other hand, from work done by others on samples taken from the same series of stations in October, that phytoplankton, chlorophyll a, and seston exhibited the expected distribution, emphasizing the danger of judging an ecosystem by the examination of only limited components of the community and at single periods of the year.In July the bulk of the zooplankters consisted of large cladocerans (especially daphnids) and copepods. In October there were much larger populations of rotifers and of small cladocerans (Bosmina, Chydorus). Copepods were relatively sparse. The January samples were characterized by greater numbers and a greater variety of diaptomids than in October, and the rotifers remained very important. All of the January samples contained many partially decayed microcrustaceans. This was interpreted as indicating a seasonal die-off associated with the very severe weather of the period.

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