scholarly journals Site Fidelity, Philopatry, and Survival of Promiscuous Saltmarsh Sharp-Tailed Sparrows in Rhode Island

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. DiQuinzio ◽  
Peter W. C. Paton ◽  
William R. Eddleman ◽  
J. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Resource Defense ◽  
Return Rates

Abstract We investigated site fidelity and apparent survival in a promiscuous population of Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows (Ammodramus caudacutus) in southern Rhode Island. Based on capture–recapture histories of 446 color-banded sparrows studied from 1993 to 1998 at our primary study site, Galilee, we observed significant variation in apparent survival rates among years, but not between sexes. Return rates of adult males (37.6%) and females (35.6%) were not significantly different during any year. Juveniles exhibited high return rates, ranging from 0 to 44%, with males (61% of returns) more likely to return than females (35%). In addition, we monitored movements of 404 color-banded sparrows at nine satellite marshes in 1997 and 1998, which supported our findings at Galilee and documented intermarsh movements by 10% of all banded birds. Lack of gender-bias in adult dispersal and strong natal philopatry of sparrows in Rhode Island occurs regularly among passerines possessing a variety of mating systems. Despite emancipation from parental and resource defense duties, adult male Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows exhibited apparent survival rates similar to adult females. Availability of high-quality breeding habitat, which is patchy and saturated, may be the most important factor limiting dispersal for Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows in Rhode Island.

scholarly journals The Effects of Age and Sex on the Apparent Survival of Kentish Plovers Breeding in Southern Turkey

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett K. Sandercock ◽  
Tamás Székely ◽  
András Kosztolányi
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Differential Survival ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Encounter Rates ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Charadrius Alexandrinus ◽  
Southern Turkey

AbstractAccurate estimates of annual survival are necessary for conservation of threatened species of migratory birds. We studied a large, stable population of Kentish Plovers (Charadrius alexandrinus) breeding in southern Turkey (36°43′N, 35°03′E) for five breeding seasons (1996–2000). Kentish Plovers of Eurasia and the conspecific Snowy Plover of North America are a species of conservation concern. We captured 2077 birds, and used time since marking models to estimate apparent survival (ϕ) and encounter rates (p) for juvenile and adult plovers. Return rates of young banded in their natal year were low (4%, 52 of 1176) and most philopatric young were recaptured as yearlings (69%, 36 of 52). Low return rates of shorebird young can be attributed to post-hatching mortality if apparent survival rates are ranked: chicks < fledglings = adults. We were unable to separate mortality from dispersal because apparent survival was ranked: chicks (ϕ̂1 = 0.08) < fledglings (ϕ̂1 = 0.15) < adults after banding (ϕ̂1 = 0.59) < adults in later intervals (ϕ̂2+ = 0.64). Time since marking models gave improved estimates of the apparent survival of adults that were higher than return rates in other populations of Kentish Plovers, but lower than estimates of apparent survival for other Charadrius plovers. Sex-biased mating opportunities in Kentish Plovers were not explained by biased sex ratios at hatching or differential apparent survival among adults. Instead, male-biased adult sex ratios were explained, in part, by differential survival of juveniles and by higher encounter rates among adult males (p̂ = 0.84) than females (p̂ = 0.74). Our baseline estimates of apparent survival will assist assessments of population viability for Kentish and Snowy Plovers throughout their geographic range.Efectos de la Edad y del Sexo sobre la Supervivencia Aparente de Charadrius alexandrinus en Áreas de Cría en el Sur de TurquíaResumen. Contar con estimaciones exactas de la supervivencia anual es necesario para la conservación de las aves migratorias amenazadas. Estudiamos una población grande y estable de Charadrius alexandrinus en un área de cría del sur de Turquía (36°43′N, 35°03′E) durante cinco épocas reproductivas (1996–2000). Charadrius alexandrinus es una especie con un estado de conservación preocupante tanto en Eurasia como en Norte América. En este estudio capturamos 2077 aves y empleamos modelos del tiempo transcurrido desde el marcado para estimar las tasas de supervivencia aparente (ϕ) y de encuentro (p) para individuos juveniles y adultos. Las tasas de regreso de juveniles anillados a su área de nacimiento fueron bajas (4%, 52 de 1176), y la mayoría de los individuos filopátricos fueron recapturados cuando tenían un año de edad (69%, 36 de 52). Las bajas tasas de regreso de los pichones de aves playeras pueden deberse a mortalidad post-eclosión si las tasas de supervivencia aparente son menores en los pichones que en los volantones y adultos, y si estos dos últimos tienen tasas de supervivencia similares. No estuvimos en capacidad de distinguir entre mortalidad y dispersión debido a que la supervivencia aparente fue mínima en los pichones (ϕ̂1 = 0.08) y subsecuentemente mayor en volantones (ϕ̂1 = 0.15), en adultos luego de ser marcados (ϕ̂1 = 0.59) y en adultos en intervalos posteriores (ϕ̂2+ = 0.64). Los modelos basados en el tiempo transcurrido desde el marcado arrojaron mejores estimados de la supervivencia aparente de los adultos. Estos estimados fueron mayores que las tasas de regreso estimadas para otras poblaciones de C. alexandrinus, pero menores que la supervivencia aparente estimada para otras especies de Charadrius. Las oportunidades de apareamiento sesgadas de acuerdo al sexo observadas en C. alexandrinus no se explicaron por cocientes de sexos sesgados al momento de la eclosión, ni por diferencias en la supervivencia aparente de individuos adultos. En cambio, los cocientes de sexos sesgados hacia los machos evidentes en los adultos se explicaron en parte por diferencias en la supervivencia de los juveniles y por tasas de encuentro mayores entre machos adultos (p̂ = 0.84) en comparación con las hembras (p̂ = 0.74). Nuestros estimados de la supervivencia aparente representan una base que contribuirá a examinar la viabilidad de las poblaciones de C. alexandrinus a través de su rango de distribución.

scholarly journals Site Fidelity, Territory Fidelity, and Natal Philopatry in Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax Traillii)

The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 1103-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Sedgwick
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
General Hypothesis ◽  
Territory Fidelity ◽  
Empidonax Traillii ◽  
Dispersal Distances

Abstract I investigated the causes and consequences of adult breeding-site fidelity, territory fidelity, and natal philopatry in Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) in southeastern Oregon over a 10-year period, testing the general hypothesis that fidelity and dispersal distances are influenced by previous breeding performance. Willow Flycatchers adhered to the generally observed tendencies of passerine birds for low natal philopatry and high breedingsite fidelity. Site fidelity (return to the study area) of adult males (52.0%) and females (51.3%), and median dispersal distances between seasons (16 m vs. 19 m) were similar. Previous breeding performance and residency (age-experience), but not study-site quality, explained site fidelity in females. Site fidelity of females rearing 4–5 young (64.4%) exceeded that of unsuccessful females (40.0%), breeding dispersal was less (successful: 15 m; unsuccessful: 33 m), and novice residents were more site-faithful than former residents. Probability of site fidelity was higher for previously successful females (odds ratio = 4.76), those with greater seasonal fecundity (odds ratio = 1.58), novice residents (odds ratio = 1.41), and unparasitized females (odds ratio = 2.76). Male site fidelity was not related to residency, site quality, or previous breeding performance. Territory fidelity (return to the previous territory) in females was best explained by previous breeding performance, but not by site quality or residency. Previously successful females were more likely to return to their territory of the previous season than either unsuccessful (odds ratio = 14.35) or parasitized birds (odds ratio = 6.38). Male territory fidelity was not related to residency, site quality, or previous breeding performance. Natal philopatry was low (7.8%) and similar for males and females. Site quality appeared to influence philopatry, given that no birds reared at a low-quality study site returned there to breed, and birds reared there dispersed farther than birds reared at two other study sites. My results partially support the hypothesis that site fidelity is an adaptive response: (1) previously successful females that switched territories underperformed those that did not switch (P = 0.01); and (2) previously unsuccessful females that switched territories outperformed those that did not switch, but not significantly (P = 0.22).

scholarly journals Site Fidelity and Annual Survival of the Western Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens auricollis) at the Northern Edge of its Range

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
René McKibbin ◽  
Christine A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
The Core ◽  
Icteria Virens ◽  
Endangered Population ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Dispersal Distances

We studied return rates, site fidelity, dispersal, and survivorship of an endangered population of the Western Yellow-breasted Chat (Icteria virens auricollis) in the southern Okanagan River valley, British Columbia, between 2001 and 2007. Between 2001 and 2006, we banded a total of 75 adults and 385 nestlings. Apparent survival for male Western Yellow-breasted Chats banded as adults was 65%, and survival and recapture were constant across time. Other results were as follows: 44% of males and 13% of females banded as adults were re-sighted during the period 2002–2007; 33% of males and 10% of females were re-sighted the year after they were banded; 31% of males and 10% of females had fidelity to the study site where they were banded as adults; 10% of Western Yellow-breasted Chats banded as nestlings returned and, of these, 62% of males and 54% of females returned to their natal study site to breed. The dispersal distance for males banded as adults (n = 5) that did not return to their sites ranged from 6.4 km to 42.9 km. Natal dispersal ranged from 2.5 km to 15.6 km for males (n = 7) and 2.3 km to 2.6 km for females (n = 2); 16 males and 7 females banded as nestlings did not disperse. These findings contrast with predictions that species at the northern limit of their range will have low site fidelity and return rates and higher dispersal distances than passerine populations at the core of their range.

Population size, survival and reproductive rates of northern Norwegian killer whales (Orcinus orca) in 1986–2003

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Kuningas ◽  
Tiu Similä ◽  
Philip S. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Reproductive Rates

A long-term photo-identification study of killer whales (Orcinus orca) in northern Norway was initiated in 1986, when their prey the Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus) started to winter in a complex fjord system. The aim of this work was to estimate population size and apparent survival rates in this killer whale population using photo-identification and mark–recapture techniques with data collected during October–December 1986–2003. Total population size was estimated to be highest in 2003: 731 individuals (SE = 139, 95% CI = 505–1059) using a model taking heterogeneity of capture probabilities into account. Apparent survival of adult males and adult females was estimated using the Cormack–Jolly–Seber model as 0.971 (SE = 0.008) and 0.977 (SE = 0.009), respectively. Calving intervals ranged from 3 to 14 years (mean = 5.06, SE = 0.722). These are the first estimates of northern Norwegian killer whale population parameters, allowing their dynamics to be investigated and comparisons to be made with killer whale populations globally.

scholarly journals Low first-year apparent survival of passerines in abandoned fields in northwestern Russia

The Condor ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shitikov ◽  
Viktoria Grudinskaya ◽  
Tatiana Makarova ◽  
Tatiana Vaytina ◽  
Svetlana Fedotova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
First Year ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Abandoned Fields ◽  
Booted Warbler ◽  
Northwestern Russia

Abstract First-year survival probability of migratory passerines during the period between fledging and first reproduction is a highly variable parameter that has a major effect on population dynamics. We used a long-term mark–recapture dataset (2002–2018) to examine first-year survival of 3 passerine species breeding in abandoned agricultural fields of northwestern Russia: Booted Warbler (Iduna caligata), Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra), and Western Yellow Wagtail (Motacilla flava). We banded 3,457 nestlings, including 1,363 Booted Warblers, 1,699 Whinchats, and 395 Western Yellow Wagtails, and resighted 12 Booted Warblers, 29 Whinchats, and 13 Western Yellow Wagtails in the year after fledging. We evaluated first-year apparent survival rates using Cormack-Jolly-Seber models in MARK program within the multispecies approach. We tested effect of fledge date on the first-year apparent survival. In all focal species, first-year apparent survival rates were low and reached the lower limits known for migratory passerines. We found no differences in first-year survival rates among the 3 species: the estimated average first-year apparent survival rate of all species was 0.05 ± 0.01. The fledge date had a considerable impact on first-year survival rate: later fledge dates negatively affected first-year survival. We suggest that first-year apparent survival rates in our study were low due to low natal philopatry and high mortality in the post-fledging period. Low apparent first-year survival may be a specific feature of open-nesting birds breeding in abandoned fields that are low-quality habitats because of high predation pressure.

Apparent survival, natal philopatry, and recruitment of Barrow’s goldeneyes (Bucephala islandica) in the Cariboo–Chilcotin region of British Columbia, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Boyd ◽  
B. D. Smith ◽  
S. A. Iverson ◽  
M. R. Evans ◽  
J. E. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Natal Philopatry ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
Best Fit

We used capture–resight data to evaluate apparent survival, natal philopatry, and recruitment of Barrow’s goldeneyes ( Bucephala islandica (Gmelin, 1789)) in British Columbia, Canada. Median ages of first pairing and first breeding for females were 2 years and 3 years, respectively. The Cormack–Jolly–Seber model that best fit our data indicated that apparent survival rates (Φ) differed according to sex, year, and age class at marking. Estimates were similar for after-hatch-year (AHY) females (0.62) and AHY males (0.58), which was consistent with predictions. However, contrary to predictions, apparent survival rates of hatch-year (HY) females (0.68) were similar to those of AHY females and significantly higher than those of HY males (0.35). We interpret this difference as being primarily related to higher dispersal probabilities by HY males. Also evident was a negative correlation between apparent survival rate during the 1st year after capture for HY birds and their subsequent apparent survival rates, which suggests that probability of dispersal increased after these birds reached reproductive maturity and began to compete for breeding territories. We interpret this as evidence for density-dependent control of access to limited resources such as nest cavities.

scholarly journals Age-Specific Variation in Apparent Survival Rates of Male Lesser Prairie-Chickens

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Hagen ◽  
James C. Pitman ◽  
Brett K. Sandercock ◽  
Robert J. Robel ◽  
Roger D. Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Lek Mating ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Tympanuchus Pallidicinctus ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Probability Of Capture

AbstractWe used mark-recapture methods to estimate age-specific apparent survival rates for male Lesser Prairie-Chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a gamebird of conservation concern. A total of 311 male prairie-chickens (135 yearlings, 176 adults) were captured and banded during a 5-year study in southwest Kansas. Time-since-marking models were used to estimate apparent survival after first capture (ϕ1), apparent survival among returning birds (ϕ2+), and probability of capture (p) for yearling and adult prairie-chickens. Apparent survival is the product of true survival and site fidelity, and our model-averaged estimates of this parameter were ranked: yearlings after first capture (ϕ̂1yr = 0.60 ± 0.12) > adults after first capture (ϕ̂1ad = 0.44 ± 0.10) > returning birds (ϕ̂2+ = 0.36 ± 0.10). In contrast, movement data showed that site fidelity to communal display sites (or leks) increased with male age; yearlings returned to leks at lower rates (80%, n = 60) than adults (92%, n = 65). Thus, true survival rates of male Lesser Prairie-Chickens likely decline with increasing age, an unusual pattern found in few species of birds. We hypothesized that declines in survival as males' age may be a feature of promiscuous mating systems where competition for mating opportunities are intense. A review of annual survival rates for holarctic grouse did not support this idea; age-specific declines in male survival were not restricted to lek-mating species, and appear to be a general feature of most grouse populations.Varición Edad-Específica en las Tasas de Supervivencia Aparente de los Machos en Tympanuchus pallidicinctusResumen. Empleamos métodos de marcado y recaptura para calcular los porcentajes de supervivencia de machos de la especie Tympanuchus pallidicinctus, un ave de caza cuyo estatus de conservación es preocupante. Un total de 311 individuos (135 añales y 176 adultos) fueron capturados y anillados durante 5 ãnos de estudio en el suroeste de Kansas. Para calcular la supervivencia aparente después de la primera captura (ϕ1), la supervivencia entre las aves que retornan (ϕ2+) y la probabilidad de captura (p) de individuos añales e individuos adultos, se utilizaron modelos del tiempo transcurrido desde el momento de marcado. La supervivencia aparente es el producto de la supervivencia real y la fidelidad al sitio. Nuestros estimados de este paramétro promediados entre modelos fueron: añales después de la primera captura (ϕ̂1yr = 0.60 ± 0.12) > adultos después de la primera captura (ϕ̂1ad = 0.44 ± 0.10) > aves que regresaban (ϕ̂2+ = 0.36 ± 0.10). En contraste, los datos de movimiento muestran que la fidelidad a los lugares de despliegue comunales (o leks) aumentó con la edad de los machos; los individuos añales retornaron a estos lugares a una tasa (80%, n = 60) menor que los adultos (92%, n = 65). Así, las tasas de supervivencia verdaderas de T. pallidicinctus parecen declinar con el aumento de edad, lo que representa un patrón raro encontrado en pocas especies de aves. Formulamos la hipótesis de que la disminución de la supervivencia conforme los machos envejecen puede ser una característica de los sistemas de apareamiento promiscuo, en los que la competencia por la oportunidad de aparearse es intensa. Una revisión de los porcentajes anuales de supervivencia de urogallos en la región holártica no apoya esta idea; las disminuciones de la supervivencia de los machos con la edad no están limitadas a especies que se aparean en leks, sino que parecen ser comunes a la mayoría de las poblaciones de urogallos.

scholarly journals Management implications derived from long term re-sight data: annual survival of the Maui Parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANNA L. MOUNCE ◽  
KELLY J. IKNAYAN ◽  
DAVID L. LEONARD ◽  
KIRSTY J. SWINNERTON ◽  
JIM J. GROOMBRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
As Species ◽  
Female Survival ◽  
Species Specific

SummaryThe accurate estimation of key demographic parameters is invaluable for making decisions about the management of endangered wildlife but such estimates are often difficult to obtain. Parameters such as species-specific apparent survival rates are an important component in understanding population ecology and informing management decisions. The Maui Parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys is a ‘Critically Endangered’ Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the Island of Maui. We used an 18-year encounter history dataset comprising 146 marked individuals to estimate apparent survival between sexes and age classes (juvenile, adult). A difference in survival rates between sexes was strongly supported; 0.72 ± 0.04 for adult females and 0.82 ± 0.03 for adult males. This difference may be a reflection of either reproductive costs or additional risks of incubation and brooding, such as depredation. We also found support for age-biased survival, but limited information for juveniles did not provide a well-supported model fit for our data (juvenile survival = 0.17 ± 0.15; adults = 0.78 ± 0.02). However, apparent adult survival was similar to that of other Hawaiian passerines (mean 0.78 ± 0.03, n = 16). These results suggest that efforts to prevent the extinction of this species may benefit from future management strategies focused on increasing female survival such as predator reduction.

scholarly journals Apparent Survival Rates of Western Sandpiper (Calidris Mauri) Wintering in Northwest Baja California, Mexico

The Auk ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Fernández ◽  
Horacio de la Cueva ◽  
Nils Warnock ◽  
David B. Lank
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Average Quality ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Calidris Mauri ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Western Sandpiper ◽  
Western Sandpipers ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractTo estimate annual apparent local survival, we collected capture–resighting data on 256 individually marked male Western Sandpipers (Calidris mauri) wintering at Estero de Punta Banda, Mexico, between 1994–1997. A hierarchical modeling approach was used to address the effect of age class and year on survivorship rates. The best-fit model included a constant apparent survival probability (ϕ = 0.489; 95% CI = 0.410–0.569), but several models fit nearly as well, and averaging among the top five, to account for model uncertainty, suggested that adults had somewhat higher values than juveniles (ϕ = 0.490 ± 0.051 vs. 0.450 ± 0.067). Detection probability was substantially higher for adults than for juveniles (p = 0.741 vs. p = 0.537). Those apparent survival estimates are low compared with those from other studies of Western Sandpipers at breeding and other nonbreeding locations, and substantially lower than the true survivorship rates expected for small sandpipers in general. We interpret these results as indicating that this site is of below average quality for nonbreeding male Western Sandpipers.

scholarly journals Social cues facilitate habitat selection: American redstarts establish breeding territories in response to song

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A Hahn ◽  
Emily D Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Conspecific Attraction ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Settlement Cues ◽  
Migratory Songbirds ◽  
American Redstarts ◽  
Spring Arrival ◽  
Northern Temperate Forests

For migratory songbirds nesting in northern temperate forests, a short breeding season demands that males rapidly establish territories. Because critical insect and vegetation resources are unavailable during spring arrival, we suggest that conspecifics serve as settlement cues for males new to a local population. To test conspecific attraction, we conducted playback experiments with American redstarts Setophaga ruticilla . Experimental results demonstrate that song playbacks strongly attract conspecifics, recruiting an average of 4.2 additional males per plot; adult males new to our sites increased, while yearling males failed to respond. Yearlings arrived 6 to 10 days later than adults, raising the possibility that yearlings responded to songs of early arriving adults rather than to playbacks. Our work indicates that conspecific attraction is an important mechanism for breeding habitat selection in an established population of a migratory forest songbird, but the effect is moderated by age, reproductive experience and arrival timing.

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