scholarly journals Male Reproductive Success is Correlated With Blood Parasite Levels and Body Condition in the Promiscuous Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus Paludicola)

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Dyrcz ◽  
Michael Wink ◽  
Andrzej Kruszewicz ◽  
Bernd Leisler
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Aquatic Warbler ◽  
Paternal Success ◽  
Acrocephalus Paludicola

Abstract The Aquatic Warbler (Acrocephalus paludicola) has a unique mating system. Males are free of any parental duties and can fertilize many females during a single breeding season. Females also usually copulate with more than one male, and nestlings in a single nest may be sired by as many as five males. Paternal success of 33 Aquatic Warbler males in a Polish population was determined by microsatellite polymerase-chain-reaction analysis. Males infected by blood parasites (trypanosomes) sired fewer offspring, weighed less, and probably arrived later to breeding grounds than uninfected males. Number of nestlings sired by a male correlated positively with its fat deposits and wing length. These findings indicate that male body condition directly influences paternal success. Number of sired nestlings per individual male ranged from one to eight. Reproductive success among males was uneven, with six males (18%) fathering 44% of nestlings in the study area. Males with high reproductive success arrived at the breeding grounds earlier in spring than males with low reproductive success.

Correlates of blood parasitism in a threatened marshland passerine: infection by kinetoplastids of the genus Trypanosoma is related to landscape metrics of habitat edge

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Kubacka ◽  
Alina Gerlée ◽  
Julien Foucher ◽  
Judith Korb ◽  
Edyta Podmokła
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Individual Traits ◽  
Aquatic Warbler ◽  
Habitat Edge ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acrocephalus Paludicola ◽  
Lineage Diversity

AbstractIn birds, vector-borne parasites invading the bloodstream are important agents of disease, affect fitness and shape population viability, thus being of conservation interest. Here, we molecularly identified protozoan blood parasites in two populations of the threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola, a migratory passerine nesting in open marsh. We explored whether prevalence and lineage diversity of the parasites vary by population and whether infection status is explained by landscape metrics of habitat edge and individual traits (body mass, fat score, wing length and sex). Aquatic Warblers were infected by genera Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma, with seven, one and four lineages, and 29.9, 0.7 and 12.5% prevalence, respectively. No Haemoproteus infections were detected. Prevalence did not vary between the populations, but lineage diversity was higher in Polesie than in Biebrza for all the lineages pooled and for Plasmodium. Infection by Trypanosoma decreased with patch core area and increased with density of habitat edge. Infection status was not predicted by the individual traits. Our study is the first to show an association between edge-related landscape features and blood parasitism in an open habitat bird. This finding will support informed conservation measures for avian species of the globally shrinking marshland and other treeless habitats.

Male reproductive success and female preference in bushy-tailed woodrats (Neotoma cinerea): do females prefer males in good physical condition?

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Weber ◽  
J.S. Millar ◽  
B.D. Neff
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Good Genes ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Neotoma Cinerea

In many mating systems, females may benefit by selecting a male with high genetic quality in the form of good genes or compatible genes. In bushy-tailed woodrats ( Neotoma cinerea Ord, 1815), previous research has shown that male reproductive success correlates with the mass change of males over the breeding season, indicating that physical body condition may directly influence female choice and hence male reproductive success. We examined male physical condition in relation to reproductive success in the field. Male physical condition was measured as body-mass change over the breeding season, body size, body condition (mass versus size), and anaemia (packed cell volume and mean corpuscular volume). We then conducted trials in the laboratory in which captive females were presented with visual and olfactory cues from two males simultaneously. In the field, males with a low mean corpuscular volume had the highest reproductive success. Captive females also showed a preference for males with low levels of anaemia based on mean corpuscular volume. These results suggest that females are employing a condition-dependent preference.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of male reproductive contributions in Chamaelirium luteum (L.) gray (Liliaceae).

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
P E Smouse ◽  
T R Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Iterative Procedure ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Paternal Success ◽  
Phases Of Development

Abstract Genealogical analysis is a powerful tool for analysis of reproductive performance in both natural and captive populations, but assignment of paternity has always been a stumbling block for this sort of work. Statistical methods for determining paternity have undergone several phases of development, ranging from straightforward genetic exclusion to assignment of paternity based on genetic likelihood criteria. In the present study, we present a genetic likelihood-based iterative procedure for fractional allocation of paternity within a progeny pool and apply this method to a population of Chamaelirium luteum, a dioecious member of the Liliaceae. Results from this analysis clearly demonstrate that different males make unequal contributions to the overall progeny pool, with many males contributing essentially nothing to the next generation. Furthermore, the distribution of paternal success among males shows a highly significant departure from (Poisson) randomness. The results from the present analysis were compared with earlier results obtained from the same data set, using likelihood-based categorical paternity assignments. The general biological pattern revealed by the two analyses is the same, but the estimates of reproductive success are only modestly (though significantly) correlated. The iterative procedure makes more complete use of the data and generates a more sharply resolved distribution of male reproductive success.

scholarly journals Postweaning maternal care increases male chimpanzee reproductive success

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (38) ◽  
pp. eaaz5746
Author(s):  
Catherine Crockford ◽  
Liran Samuni ◽  
Linda Vigilant ◽  
Roman M. Wittig
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Parental Investment ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Parental Loss ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Complex Societies ◽  
Successful Reproduction ◽  
Using Data

Humans are unusual among animals for continuing to provision and care for their offspring until adulthood. This “prolonged dependency” is considered key for the evolution of other notable human traits, such as large brains, complex societies, and extended postreproductive lifespans. Prolonged dependency must therefore have evolved under conditions in which reproductive success is gained with parental investment and diminished with early parental loss. We tested this idea using data from wild chimpanzees, which have similarly extended immature years as humans and prolonged mother-offspring associations. Males who lost their mothers after weaning but before maturity began reproducing later and had lower average reproductive success. Thus, persistent mother-immature son associations seem vital for enhancing male reproductive success, although mothers barely provision sons after weaning. We posit that these associations lead to social gains, crucial for successful reproduction in complex social societies, and offer insights into the evolution of prolonged dependency.

scholarly journals Relation of Automated Body Condition Scoring System and Inline Biomarkers (Milk Yield, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Progesterone in Milk) with Cow’s Pregnancy Success

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Analyzer ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Body Condition Scoring

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relation of automatically determined body condition score (BCS) and inline biomarkers such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and progesterone (mP4) with the pregnancy success of cows. The cows (n = 281) had 2.1 ± 0.1. lactations on average, were 151.6 ± 0.06 days postpartum, and were once tested with “Easy scan” ultrasound (IMV imaging, Scotland) at 30–35 d post-insemination. According to their reproductive status, cows were grouped into two groups: non-pregnant (n = 194 or 69.0% of cows) and pregnant (n = 87 or 31.0% of cows). Data concerning their BCS, mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected each day from the day of insemination for 7 days. The BCS was collected with body condition score camera (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden); mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected with the fully automated real-time analyzer Herd Navigator™ (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). Of all the biomarkers, three differences between groups were significant. The body condition score (BCS) of the pregnant cows was higher (+0.49 score), the milk yield (MY) was lower (−4.36 kg), and milk progesterone in pregnant cows was (+6.11 ng/mL) higher compared to the group of non-pregnant cows (p < 0.001). The pregnancy status of the cows was associated with their BCS assessment (p < 0.001). We estimated that cows with BCS > 3.2 were 22 times more likely to have reproductive success than cows with BCS ≤ 3.2.

POLYGYNY, REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AND CHILD HEALTH IN RURAL ETHIOPIA: WHY MARRY A MARRIED MAN?

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
MHAIRI A. GIBSON ◽  
RUTH MACE
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Rural Ethiopia ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Married Individuals ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Child Nutritional Status ◽  
And Child Health ◽  
Better Than

Summary.This study examines the reproductive success of men and women in rural Ethiopia as a function of their marital status, specifically by comparing polygamously and monogamously married individuals. In line with predictions from evolutionary theory, polygamy is beneficial to male reproductive success (i.e. producing larger numbers of surviving offspring). The success of polygamously married females depends on wife rank: the first wives of polygamous husbands do better than monogamously married women and much better than second or third wives. These effects are mirrored in child nutritional status: the children of second and third wives have lower weight for height. Due to potential, largely unmeasurable differences in marriageability (quality) between individuals, it was not possible to support a model of either resource-holding polygyny combined with female choice or female coercion into unwanted marriages. First wives of polygamously married men marry at a younger age and attract a higher brideprice, suggesting that both the males and females in the marriage are likely to be of higher quality (due to wealth, family status or some other factor such as beauty). Unions that end up monogamous are likely to be between slightly lower quality individuals; and second and third wives, who marry at the oldest ages and attract the lowest brideprice, may be ‘making the best of a bad job’. The relatively long gap between first and second marriages may mean that first wives of highly marriageable males can enjoy considerable reproductive success before their husbands marry again.

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