scholarly journals Kinematic integration during prey capture varies among individuals but not ecological contexts in bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus (Perciformes: Centrarchidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-224
Author(s):  
Emily A Kane ◽  
Timothy E Higham
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Top Down ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The general ability of components of an organism to work together to achieve a common goal has been termed integration and is often studied empirically by deconstructing organisms into component parts and quantifying covariation between them. Kinematic traits describing movement are useful for allowing organisms to respond to ecological contexts that vary over short time spans (milliseconds, minutes, etc.). Integration of these traits can contribute to the maintenance of the function of the whole organism, but it is unclear how modulation of component kinematic traits affects their integration. We examined the integration of swimming and feeding during capture of alternative prey types in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Despite the expected modulation of kinematics, integration within individuals was inflexible across prey types, suggesting functional redundancy for solving a broad constraint. However, integration was variable among individuals, suggesting that individuals vary in their solutions for achieving whole-organism function and that this solution acts as a ‘top-down’ regulator of component traits, which provides insight into why kinematic variation is observed. Additionally, variation in kinematic integration among individuals could serve as an understudied target of environmental selection on prey capture, which is a necessary first step towards the observed divergence in integration among populations and species.

scholarly journals Kinematics of feeding in bluegill sunfish: is there a general distinction between aquatic capture and transport behaviors?

1995 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gillis ◽  
G Lauder
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Lower Vertebrate ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Aquatic Vertebrates ◽  
Food Transport ◽  
Nested Analysis

Despite numerous studies of food transport in terrestrial vertebrates, little is known about this aspect of the feeding repertoire in aquatic vertebrates. Previous work had predicted that the kinematics of aquatic prey capture by suction feeding should be similar to those of prey transport. However, recent analyses of aquatic prey capture and transport in the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum have contradicted this hypothesis, and document numerous differences between these two behaviors. In this study, using high-speed video and statistical analyses, we compare prey capture and transport kinematics in a ray-finned fish (Lepomis macrochirus, the bluegill sunfish) to examine the generality of differences between capture and transport behaviors in aquatic vertebrates. Compared with prey capture, prey transport is significantly more rapid and tends to have reduced lower jaw excursions, while having similar hyoid movements. A nested analysis of variance was used to analyze six variables common to both this analysis of Lepomis macrochirus and a previous study of Ambystoma tigrinum; none of these six variables showed significant variation between taxa. These results indicate that aquatic prey transport is kinematically distinct from capture behavior and that the distinctions between these two behaviors are remarkably consistent in two phylogenetically divergent lower vertebrate taxa. Such consistent kinematic differences have not been found in amniote taxa studied to date, but may constitute a plesiomorphic feature of vertebrate feeding systems.

scholarly journals Boldness and behavioral syndromes in the bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D.M. Wilson ◽  
Jean-Guy J. Godin
Keyword(s):  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Behavioral Syndromes ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish

scholarly journals Social Nurses’ Descriptions of Nursing: A Qualitative Study of What Social Nursing is and Does?

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-236
Author(s):  
Tine Louise Dideriksen ◽  
Marianne Lisby ◽  
Nina Brünés ◽  
Pia Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Holistic Nursing ◽  
Encounter Complex ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Female Nurses ◽  
Insight Into

Background: In the meeting between socially marginalised patients and somatic hospitals, healthcare systems often encounter complex challenges related to health inequalities that are difficult to resolve. To help reduce these challenges, a nursing approach employing a nurse (RN) with in-depth knowledge of socially marginalised patients and competences in rehabilitation (“social nurse”) has contributed to diminish health inequalities. However, further insight into the potential benefits of social nursing is required. Aim: To examine how social nurses describe and experience the social nursing approach situated at somatic hospitals. Methods: A qualitative study of social nurses’ descriptions and experiences with a social nurse approach included eight Danish hospitals. One male and 12 female nurses (n=13) employed as social nurses at somatic hospitals participated. Thirteen semi structured interviews were conducted using the methodological frameworks of phenomenology and hermeneutics. The interviews were analysed employing a method inspired by the French philosopher Paul Ricoeur’s theory of interpretation. Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis: 1) A unique expertise encompassing experience and evidence-based knowledge 2) coordination towards a common goal to reduce patients’ vulnerability, 3) to see and understand patients as whole persons, thereby assuring successful treatment and 4) working with the system to avoid losing the patients. The themes describe a unique expertise emerging from focusing healthcare efforts on the socially marginalised patients and the system in charge. Conclusion: The study indicated that the social nurse approach is a holistic nursing approach. Applying this approach allows for optimised treatment that fosters a more equal outcome across the spectrum of socially marginalised patients. The social nurse approach may contribute to diminishing health inequalities.

scholarly journals Predict+Optimise with Ranking Objectives: Exhaustively Learning Linear Functions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emir Demirovic ◽  
Peter J. Stuckey ◽  
James Bailey ◽  
Jeffrey Chan ◽  
Christopher Leckie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Combinatorial Optimisation ◽  
Linear Functions ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Learning Function ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Theoretical Insight ◽  
Insight Into

We study the predict+optimise problem, where machine learning and combinatorial optimisation must interact to achieve a common goal. These problems are important when optimisation needs to be performed on input parameters that are not fully observed but must instead be estimated using machine learning. Our contributions are two-fold: 1) we provide theoretical insight into the properties and computational complexity of predict+optimise problems in general, and 2) develop a novel framework that, in contrast to related work, guarantees to compute the optimal parameters for a linear learning function given any ranking optimisation problem. We illustrate the applicability of our framework for the particular case of the unit-weighted knapsack predict+optimise problem and evaluate on benchmarks from the literature.

Effect of water temperature on stomach evacuation rates, and estimation of daily food intake of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Bluegill Sunfish ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Evacuation Rate ◽  
Daily Food

Field experiments were conducted over the summer of 1983 to determine food-evacuation rate and measure stomach fullness of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). A combination of these data gave estimates of daily food intake of fish. Fish were captured and held in large holding pens in Lake Opinicon, Ontario, Canada, and periodically subsampled over 24 h to monitor changes in mean weight of stomach contents. Stomach-evacuation rates obtained in this way increased significantly with water temperature over the range 10–25 °C. However, variation in stomach-evacuation rate was considerable, reducing the utility of water temperature as a predictor of stomach-evacuation rate. It is suggested that the simple field methods employed here to estimate stomach evacuation and food intake are more useful in the estimation of daily ration than the more commonly employed laboratory-based methods.

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