scholarly journals Connected Carabids: Network Interactions and Their Impact on Biocontrol by Carabid Beetles

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie E De Heij ◽  
Christian J Willenborg
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Do So

Abstract Carabid beetles can greatly contribute to biocontrol in agroecosystems, reducing both insect pests and weed seeds. However, insect foraging and feeding behavior can be highly dependent on the interaction network and spatial structure of the environment, which can make their biocontrol contributions variable. In the present article, we explore how the interaction network of carabids can affect their behavior and how spatial vegetation structure and specific agronomy practices can, in turn, affect the strength of interactions in their network. We suggest that research on carabid biocontrol should move toward an approach in which the network of interactions among pests, carabids, and other organisms within its spatial structure is evaluated, with equal focus on direct and indirect interactions, and provide examples of tools to do so. Overall, we believe this approach will improve our knowledge of carabid networks, help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of biocontrol, and lay the foundation for future biocontrol strategies.

Carabidae (Coleoptera) in Nova Scotia, Canada wild blueberry fields: prospects for biological control

2012 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Cutler ◽  
J.M. Renkema ◽  
C.G. Majka ◽  
J.M. Sproule
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Conservation Biological Control ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wild Blueberries ◽  
Wild Blueberry

AbstractThe Carabidae (Coleoptera) are a diverse family of beetles with almost 300 species identified in Nova Scotia, Canada. Carabid beetle communities have been studied in several agricultural systems, but not wild blueberries, an important crop in eastern Canada. In the interest of potentially developing conservation biological control programs in wild blueberry, we collected Carabidae in crop (fruit-bearing) and sprout (vegetative) blueberry fields in Nova Scotia in order to assess species diversity and abundance over space and time. Over 3200 specimens were collected, representing 51 species. A large portion of collected specimens (39%) were nonnative, and the most abundant species were generally predacious and synanthropic. Species diversity tended to be higher near forest edges than further into fields, but not for all abundant species. Several of the most prominent predators showed significant differences in preference of crop versus sprout fields, distribution throughout fields, and seasonable abundance. These findings have implications for conservation biological control efforts with carabid beetles against several insect pests in wild blueberry.

Response of carabid beetles diversity and size distribution to the vegetation structure within differently managed field margins

2015 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhak Rouabah ◽  
Jean Villerd ◽  
Bernard Amiaud ◽  
Sylvain Plantureux ◽  
Françoise Lasserre-Joulin
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Field Margins

Predator release from invertebrate generalists does not explain geometrid moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) outbreaks at high altitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Schott ◽  
Lauri Kapari ◽  
Snorre B. Hagen ◽  
Ole Petter L. Vindstad ◽  
Jane U. Jepsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Birch Forest ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Rove Beetles ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractOutbreaks of geometrid defoliators in subarctic birch forest in Fennoscandia often occur at high altitude in a distinct zone along the tree line. At the same time, moth larvae may not have an impact on the forest at lower altitude. Directly adjacent outbreak and nonoutbreak areas offer unique opportunities for studying the underlying mechanisms of outbreaks. Within two altitudinal gradients in coastal northern Norway, we investigated whether altitudinal outbreaks might be caused by release from pupal predation by ground-dwelling invertebrates such as harvestmen (Opiliones), spiders (Araneae), rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), and other beetles (Coleoptera). We predicted a consistently higher abundance of such generalist predators at low versus high altitudes. Our results did not support this prediction. There was no consistent altitudinal variation in the abundance of predators that could be related to zonal moth outbreaks in the birch forest slopes. In addition, none of the predator groups investigated showed any numerical response to a distinct outbreak of winter moth that took place during the course of the study. Consequently, localised moth outbreaks at the altitudinal tree line in northern Norway cannot be explained by the release from pupal predation by the predator groups examined here.

»Die Natur braucht keine Namen«

Rhetorik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-93
Author(s):  
Julia Enzinger
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Human History ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

Abstract The present article investigates the literary representation of biographical and geological coherence in Max Frisch’s narrative Der Mensch erscheint im Holozän (1979), a story about a pensioner suffering from dementia, who has to cope with both the erosion of his memory as well as the geological erosion in the Swiss Alps. On the basis of Hayden White’s tropics of discourse and Stephen Jay Gould’s study on Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time, the rhetorical strategies being used by Frisch are examined in order to articulate the tension between human history and the history of nature and earth. Focusing on the two main tropes in the text, synecdoche and irony, the analysis will show how the text tries to escape forms of anthropomorphism – especially by generating a ›transhuman‹ perspective – but ultimately confesses its failure to do so. Holozän thus can be seen as an ironical (self-)reflection on the limits of rhetoric and language in terms of depicting non-human history.

Haggai and Zechariah in Greek Psalm Superscriptions

Textus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Michael Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Hebrew Text ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Greek Translation ◽  
History Of Interpretation ◽  
Greek Tradition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

Abstract The multiplication of psalm superscriptions in the Greek Psalter vis-à-vis the MT raises a question about whether such additions were prompted by the Hebrew or by the Greek text. The present article attempts to answer this question specifically regarding the addition of the names of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah in LXX-Pss 110; 111; 137; 138; 145–150 (= MT 111; 112; 138; 139; 146–150). The thesis is that these names were added secondarily and exclusively within Greek tradition, but the basis for the decision to do so in each case can be traced back to the main body of the Hebrew psalm behind the Greek translation in one of three ways. Thus, the superscriptions are not only part of the history of interpretation of the Greek Psalter but also part of the history of interpretation of the Hebrew text behind it.

»Die Natur braucht keine Namen«

Rhetorik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-93
Author(s):  
Julia Enzinger
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
Human History ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Literary Representation ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Do So

Abstract The present article investigates the literary representation of biographical and geological coherence in Max Frisch’s narrative Der Mensch erscheint im Holozän (1979), a story about a pensioner suffering from dementia, who has to cope with both the erosion of his memory as well as the geological erosion in the Swiss Alps. On the basis of Hayden White’s tropics of discourse and Stephen Jay Gould’s study on Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time, the rhetorical strategies being used by Frisch are examined in order to articulate the tension between human history and the history of nature and earth. Focusing on the two main tropes in the text, synecdoche and irony, the analysis will show how the text tries to escape forms of anthropomorphism – especially by generating a ›transhuman‹ perspective – but ultimately confesses its failure to do so. Holozän thus can be seen as an ironical (self-)reflection on the limits of rhetoric and language in terms of depicting non-human history.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Protein Hydrolysates and Their Application

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mensiena Kiewiet ◽  
Marijke Faas ◽  
Paul de Vos
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Immunomodulatory Protein ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Do So

Immunomodulatory protein hydrolysate consumption may delay or prevent western immune-related diseases. In order to purposively develop protein hydrolysates with an optimal and reproducible immunomodulatory effect, knowledge is needed on which components in protein hydrolysates are responsible for the immune effects. Important advances have been made on this aspect. Also, knowledge on mechanisms underlying the immune modulating effects is indispensable. In this review, we discuss the most promising application possibilities for immunomodulatory protein hydrolysates. In order to do so, an overview is provided on reported in vivo immune effects of protein hydrolysates in both local intestinal and systemic organs, and the current insights in the underlying mechanisms of these effects. Furthermore, we discuss current knowledge and physicochemical approaches to identify the immune active protein sequence(s). We conclude that multiple hydrolysate compositions show specific immune effects. This knowledge can improve the efficacy of existing hydrolysate-containing products such as sports nutrition, clinical nutrition, and infant formula. We also provide arguments for why immunomodulatory protein hydrolysates could be applied to manage the immune response in the increasing number of individuals with a higher risk of immune dysfunction due to, for example, increasing age or stress.

scholarly journals Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: effects on feeding behavior and underlying mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Manning ◽  
Andrea Pucci ◽  
Rachel L. Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Infants Perceive Spatial Structure Specified by Line Junctions

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1427-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Yonas ◽  
Martha E Arterberry
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Cube ◽  
Do So

Lines in drawings can be perceived as the corners where surfaces intersect, outer boundaries of surfaces, or as markings on a surface. In this study infants' ability to distinguish between lines that indicate corners and edges and lines that indicate markings was investigated. Infants aged 7.5 months were habituated to line displays in which the lines specified a three-dimensional cube or two overlapping rectangles. Both displays contained lines indicating corners, edges, and surface markings. After habituation, infants viewed two test displays, one in which the corners or edges were deleted and one in which the surface markings were deleted. Infants looked significantly longer at the displays that lacked the corners or edges. The results suggest that infants attend to lines that depict corners and edges to a greater degree than they attend to lines that depict markings. Infants may do so because corners and edges specify the shapes of objects whereas markings do not.

scholarly journals Identifying Novel Candidate Genes Related to Apoptosis from a Protein-Protein Interaction Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoman Wang ◽  
Fei Yuan ◽  
Xiangyin Kong ◽  
Lan-Dian Hu ◽  
Yu-Dong Cai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Protein Interaction ◽  
Permutation Test ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Weighted Graph ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death (PCD) that occurs in multicellular organisms. This process of normal cell death is required to maintain the balance of homeostasis. In addition, some diseases, such as obesity, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, can be cured through apoptosis, which produces few side effects. An effective comprehension of the mechanisms underlying apoptosis will be helpful to prevent and treat some diseases. The identification of genes related to apoptosis is essential to uncover its underlying mechanisms. In this study, a computational method was proposed to identify novel candidate genes related to apoptosis. First, protein-protein interaction information was used to construct a weighted graph. Second, a shortest path algorithm was applied to the graph to search for new candidate genes. Finally, the obtained genes were filtered by a permutation test. As a result, 26 genes were obtained, and we discuss their likelihood of being novel apoptosis-related genes by collecting evidence from published literature.

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