scholarly journals Is obstructive sleep apnoea a rapid eye movement-predominant phenomenon?

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Loadsman ◽  
I. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Pierre Robin sequence causes position-dependent obstructive sleep apnoea in infants

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320527
Author(s):  
Hanna-Leena Kristiina Kukkola ◽  
Pia Vuola ◽  
Maija Seppä-Moilanen ◽  
Päivi Salminen ◽  
Turkka Kirjavainen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Sleep Position ◽  
Pierre Robin Sequence ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Osa Treatment ◽  
Sleep Positioning ◽  
Pierre Robin

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and feeding difficulties are key problems for Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) infants. OSA management varies between treatment centres. Sleep positioning represents the traditional OSA treatment, although its effectiveness remains insufficiently evaluated.DesignTo complete a polysomnographic (PSG) evaluation of effect of sleep position on OSA in PRS infants less than 3 months of age. We analysed a 10-year national reference centre dataset of 76 PRS infants. PSG was performed as daytime recordings for 67 in the supine, side and prone sleeping position when possible. In most cases, recording included one cycle of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in each position.ResultsOne-third of infants (9/76, 12%) had severe OSA needing treatment intervention prior to PSG. During PSG, OSA with an obstructive apnoea and hypopnoea index (OAHI) >5 per hour was noted in 82% (55/67) of infants. OSA was most severe in the supine and mildest in the side or in the prone positions. The median OAHI in the supine, side and prone positions were 31, 16 and 19 per hour of sleep (p=0.003). For 68% (52/67) of the infants, either no treatment or positional treatment alone was considered sufficient.ConclusionsThe incidence of OSA was 84% (64/76) including the nine infants with severe OSA diagnosed prior to PSG. For the most infants, the OSA was sleep position dependent. Our study results support the use of PSG in the evaluation of OSA and the use of sleep positioning as a part of OSA treatment.

scholarly journals Apnoea–Hypopnoea Index during Rapid Eye Movement and Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 906-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muraki ◽  
S Kitaguchi ◽  
H Ichihashi ◽  
R Haraguchi ◽  
T Iwanaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Nocturnal Polysomnography

This study investigated the differences in apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (AHI-REM) and AHI during non-REM (NREM) sleep (AHI-NREM) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Nocturnal polysomnography was performed in 102 Japanese OSA patients and their AHI along with a variety of other factors were retrospectively evaluated. Regardless of the severity of AHI, mean apnoea duration was longer and patients' lowest recorded oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry was lower during REM sleep than during NREM sleep. Approximately half of the patients ( n = 50) had a higher AHI-NREM than AHI-REM. In subjects with AHI ≤ 60 events/h, AHI-NREM was significantly higher than AHI-REM. On multivariate logistic regression, severe AHI ≤ 30 events/h was the only predictor of a higher AHI-NREM than AHI-REM. This may indicate that important, but unknown, factors related to the mechanism responsible for the severity of OSA are operative during NREM sleep.

scholarly journals Polysomnographic Study to Evaluate Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome in Obese and Non Obese Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HP Arun Kumar ◽  
K Pushpa
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Apnoea Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Introduction: Obesity in adolescents is an emerging problem in developing countries like India, especially among higher socioeconomic status group. Obesity is the most important reversible risk factor for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) in adolescents. Adolescent obesity with OSAS if not treated, can result in serious morbidity in cognitive, cardiovascular, somatic growth, development and metabolic disorders in future. Aim: To compare the sleep pattern between the obese and non obese adolescents and to evaluate OSAS. Materials and Methods: This was an observational study carried out at Life Style Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Karnataka, India. The study involved 30 obese and 30 non obese male adolescents, who were subjected to overnight Polysomnography (PSG) in the sleep laboratory. According to Kale’s criteria, epochs were manually scored which were compiled and statistically analysed for parameters like Sleep Latency (SL), Actual Sleep Time (AST), wake after sleep onset, percentage of Non Rapid Eye Movement (NREM), Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep stages, Sleep Efficiency (SE). The number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas were also noted to calculate Apnoea Hypopnoea Index (AHI). These parameters were compared for statistical significance using student t-test. Adolescents with AHI ≥1 were diagnosed with OSAS. Results: Mean age of obese adolescents was 17.7±0.97 years and their mean BMI was 28±0.73 kg/m2. OSAS was found in 22 out of 30 obese (73%) and 14 out of 30 (46%) non obese adolescents. It was found that apnoeas (3±4.80 vs 1±0.89), hypopnoeas (27.36±26.5 vs 5.46±2.97) and AHI (4.17±3.90 vs 0.89±0.43) were significantly more among obese adolescents when compared with non obese adolescents respectively. PSG parameters like SL, Wake After Sleep Onset (WASO) were prolonged and AST, SE were reduced significantly in obese adolescents. Conclusion: Adolescents with obesity had greater occurrence of OSAS, along with altered sleep architecture in them.

scholarly journals P151 Short-term mandibular advancement splint therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea improves parasympathetic modulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A70-A71
Author(s):  
S Ucak ◽  
H Dissanayake ◽  
K Sutherland ◽  
Y Bin ◽  
P de Chazal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Autonomic Function ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Introduction Altered autonomic function (specifically, sympathoexcitation and vagal withdrawal) contributes to cardiovascular risk. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with altered autonomic function. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive measure of autonomic function. We aimed to assess whether short-term OSA treatment with mandibular advancement splints (MAS) improves autonomic function measured by HRV. Methods A retrospective analysis of participants in MAS treatment studies (N=105, 56% male, age, 56±1 years; BMI, 30±5 kg/m2) was undertaken. Nocturnal HRV was assessed using electrocardiograms from pre and post-treatment polysomnograms. HRV was calculated across 2-minute epochs over the entire electrocardiogram and divided into each sleep stage (wake, non-rapid eye movement (NREM), and rapid eye movement (REM)). HRV measures reflecting sympathetic (normalised low frequency (LFnu)), parasympathetic (pNN50%, RMSSD (ms), normalised high frequency (HFnu)), total HRV (SDNN (ms) and HTI) and R-R interval were calculated. Changes in HRV measures following treatment were assessed (paired t-test) and compared to AHI change (linear regression, with adjustment for age, sex, BMI). Results Following MAS treatment, HTI increased (14.78±39.99, p=0.008), and LFnu reduced during wake (-0.43±38.18, p=0.03). Linear regression, showed AHI reduction related to increased R-R interval during wake (-0.002, 0.001), p=0.009) [unstandardised β/SE] and REM (-0.002, 0.001) [unstandardised β/SE], p=0.008), and increased pNN50% during wake (-0.24, 0.08), p=0.005) [unstandardised β/SE] suggesting MAS efficacy relates to these improvements. Conclusion We found evidence of reduced sympathetic and increased parasympathetic modulation, following short-term MAS therapy. This suggests MAS therapy has potential to improve cardiac autonomic function and hence reduce cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals Sleep apnoea among Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients in the Northern Territory of Australia—a comparative study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subash S Heraganahally ◽  
Anuk Kruavit ◽  
Victor M Oguoma ◽  
Chandran Gokula ◽  
Sumit Mehra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Australian Aboriginal and Torres Straight Islanders (ATSI) are noted to have a higher burden of chronic health conditions. However, there is a paucity of data on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in this population. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the clinical and polysomnographic (PSG) characteristics of ATSI and non-ATSI adult patients who underwent diagnostic PSG between 2011 and 2015. There were a total of 3078 patients. Of the total, 403 (13%) were of ATSI origin. Among those of ATSI origin, 61% were male and 39% females, while among the non-ATSI cohort, 66% were males. The median age was 47.8 years in ATSI and 51.5 years in the non-ATSI cohort. In the combined cohort, body mass index was more than 30 kg/m2 (61%), hypertension (14.4%), diabetes (17.8%), and heart disease (23.3%). The ATSI patients had higher rates of class III obesity (27 vs. 15%), hypertension (26 vs. 14%), cardiac disease (34 vs. 23%), and diabetes (37 vs. 17%). Among all the study participants, the PSG confirmed 83.7% of the patients had an apnoea–hypopnea index (AHI) more than 5/h, mild (AHI 5–15/h) in 28.4%, moderate (AHI 15–30/h) in 22.3%, and severe (AHI > 30/h) in 33.0%. Among the ATSI patients, 46% had severe OSA. The median total AHI value was higher in the ATSI population (25, interquartile range [IQR]: 11–58) compared to the non-ATSI (17, IQR: 7–36), and in rural/remote population (19, IQR: 8–42) compared to urban (17, IQR: 7–37). This trend was similar for NREM (non-rapid eye movement)-AHI and REM (rapid eye movement)-AHI scores, although statistically significant difference was found only with ATSI status. In the combined cohort the probability of (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.32–2.00, p < 0.001) of severe OSA was 62% higher in individual with hypertension, however, when stratified by ATSI status, the association was only significant in the non-ATSI population (OR = 1.53 95% CI: 1.21–1.94, p < 0.001). The odds of severe AHI was also significantly associated with heart disease (1.37; 95% CI: 1.14,1.63, p < 0.001), diabetes (1.74; 95% CI: 1.43,2.10; p < 0.001) and smoking (1.28; 95% CI: 1.09,1.50, p = 0.0023) in the overall study cohort. In both ATSI and non-ATSI patients, body mass index, neck circumference, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and respiratory arousal index were significantly higher and independently associated with severe AHI.

Morning Headache in Sleep Apnoea: Clinical and Polysomnographic Evaluation and Response to Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

Cephalalgia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Goksan ◽  
A Gunduz ◽  
D Karadeniz ◽  
K Ağan ◽  
FN Tascilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Morning Headache

Morning headache is accepted as part of clinical findings of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The prevalence of morning headache is at variable levels from 18% to 74% in patients with OSAS. However, there is controversy over the association of morning headache and OSAS. We studied morning headache prevalance and characteristics in 101 controls with apnoea-hypnoea index (AHI) < 5 and 462 OSAS patients with AHI ≥ 5. Morning headache was reported by only nine (8.9%) subjects in a control group compared with 156 (33.6%) of OSAS patients ( P < 0.01). Morning headache prevalance was significantly higher in severe and moderate OSAS groups. AHI was significantly higher in OSAS patients with morning headache compared with patients without morning headaches. Oxygen saturation nadir during rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep as well as mean oxygen saturation value during total sleep time were also found to be significantly lower in morning headache group. However, none of the sleep parameters was found to be determinants of morning headache. Morning headache was more frequently reported by patients of female gender and with primary headache history. Morning headache was totally resolved in 90% of patients treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. The history of OSAS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of morning headache.

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