scholarly journals P31: INTESTINAL GIP RELEASE MODIFICATIONS WOULD BE RELATED TO DUODENAL EXCLUSION: BARIATRIC SURGERY CONSEQUENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G Pérez-Arana ◽  
D Almorza-Gomar ◽  
J Falckenheiner ◽  
A Camacho-Ramirez ◽  
J Bancalero-DelosReyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
K Cells ◽  
Physiologic Mechanism ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Gip Release

Abstract Introduction The surgical techniques employed in the treatment of obesity discovered consequences on the global enterohomonal equilibrium. Many hypotheses focused on these enterohormonal system to explain the improvement of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus; as many other functional improvements. GIP is a hormone released for the duodenal and jejunal K cells, which had been implied in the glucose homeostasis. Our purpose was studied the changes in K cells populations, that could be related to the GIP serum level. Method We employed 16 non obese euglycemic male Wistar rats, randomised in the surgical groups. These groups were the surgical techniques (Sleeve gastric –SG-, Roux en Y Gastric Bypass –RYGB- and massive intestinal resection –IR50-), and two controls (fasting and Sham). After three months, rats were sacrificed. The intestinal portions (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were resected and processed for the immunocytochemical technique. Result analysis showed several aspects. We found a significant increase of GIP K-cells (number GIP+/mm2 intestinal portion) in the duodenum of RYGB and RI50 versus both control groups. Other data showed a significant decrease of GIP K-cells in SG jejunum versus both control groups. Ileum did not significances. Conclusion GIP hormone was related to the nutrient flow through the intestine. Our data showed that GIP expression was inverse to the exclusion to this flow, as in RYGB technique. The increase was severe in IR50 too, which the duodenum was not affected. This mechanism revealed a complex physiologic mechanism, probably established by the feed-back with other hormones, as PPY. Take-home message The metabolic consequences after bariatric surgeries are related in enterohormones changes. The GIP release cellularity suffer changes according to the flow of nutrients.

scholarly journals O24: THE PANCREATIC EPSILON-CELLS RECOVER THE EMBRYONIC GHRELIN SECRETION IN RESPONSE TO BARIATRIC SURGERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Camacho-Ramirez ◽  
D Almorza-Gomar ◽  
J Falckenheiner ◽  
G Pérez-Arana ◽  
JA Prada-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
Physiologic Mechanism ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion ◽  
Cytochemical Technique

Abstract Introduction Many surgical techniques are employed in the treatment of obesity. A main consequence of these techniques is the severe improvement of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus. Many hypotheses had been exposed to know the intrinsic mechanism developed in this relationship. The enterohormones seems to be a definitive effector. The ghrelin is an enterohormone released for the gastric fundus and it has been related to the mentioned improvement. We hypothesized about the role of pancreatic epsilon cells, which have the capacity to release ghrelin during the embryonic stages. We studied the changes in the ghrelin immunostaining in endocrine pancreas of rats which underwent bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND Method We employed 16 non obese euglycemic male Wistar rats, randomised in the surgical groups. These groups were the surgical techniques (Sleeve gastric –SG- and Roux en Y Gastric Bypass –RYGB-), and two controls (fasting and surgical). After three months, rats were sacrificed; the pancreas were obtained and processed for the immuno-cytochemical technique. Result We reported a significant increase of epsilon cells (ghrelin positive/mm2 pancreatic area) in the pancreas of SG versus the control groups (vs FC, P<0.01 and vs sham, P<0.05). CONCLUSION. SG and RYGB are surgical techniques broadly employed in humans and both reduce severely the fundus. Paradoxically, the serum level of ghrelin in patients are preserved. We reported that the total suppression of the fundus gastric produced the recovery of an embryonic pancreatic function. This mechanism could be related with the complex physiologic mechanism that improve T2DM after bariatric surgery. Take-home message After bariatric surgery, the pancreas release of ghrelin increased as the response to gastric reduction.

scholarly journals The bariatric patient: basic aspects preparation for surgical treatment of obesity and conducting after it. Lecture for practitioners

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Ershova ◽  
◽  
Kseniya A. Komshilova ◽  
Natalya V. Mazurina ◽  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Bariatric Patient ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Surgical Treatment Of Obesity

Over the past years and decades, in the world in general and particularly in Russia, bariatric surgery is becoming more widespread for the treatment of severe forms of obesity. There is an increase in the number of operations performed along with the effectiveness and minimising risks of the operations held due to the improvement of surgical techniques. In this lecture, there are clearly stated indications and contraindications for the surgical treatment of obesity. Here are presented various types of bariatric surgeries and their pathophysiological mechanisms which affect on body weight, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. There is also presented their effectiveness in comorbid obesity pathology, primarily among patients with type 2 diabetes. Here was held an analysis of possible negative effects after surgical treatment for obesity, including secondary hyperparathyroidism, post-bariatric hypoglycemia, etc., as well as predictors of postoperative prognosis in relation on metabolic control among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Ayurveda Body–Mind Constitutional Types and Role of Yoga Intervention Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population of Chandigarh and Panchkula Regions

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312110000
Author(s):  
Madhava Sai Sivapuram ◽  
Vinod Srivastava ◽  
Navneet Kaur ◽  
Akshay Anand ◽  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Yoga Intervention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background: Type 2 diabetes needs a better understanding of etiological factors and management strategies based on lifestyle and constitutional factors, given its high association rate with many cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and COVID-19 infection. Purpose: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Diabetes-specific integrated Yoga lifestyle Protocol (DYP) on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic adults. Along with the DYP intervention, the individuals residing in Chandigarh and Panchkula union territories in the northern part of India were assessed for Ayurveda-based body–mind constitutional type. Ayurveda describes body–mind constitution as “ prakriti,” which has been discussed from two angles, namely physiological and psychological as body and mind are correlated. Methods: Cluster sampling of waitlist control study subjects was used as the sampling method for the study. A total of 1,215 registered subjects (81 diabetic) responded in randomly selected clusters in Chandigarh and Panchkula. Ayurveda physicians did Ayurveda body–mind constitutional assessment called prakriti assessment (physiological body–mind constitution assessment) in 35 participants (23 diabetic, 12 prediabetic) as a part of the study. Results: A group of 50 subjects was randomly selected for yoga intervention out of 81 diabetes mellitus adults, and 31 subjects were enrolled as waitlist controls. A significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels from 8.49 ± 1.94% to 7.97 ± 2.20% in the intervention group was noticed. The lipid profiles of the DYP intervention and control groups were monitored. Three-month follow-up results of lipid profile diagnostic tests in intervention and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05). Most diabetic and prediabetic individuals were found to have pitta dosha ( pitta controls all heat, metabolism, and transformation in the mind and body) as dominant constitution type. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated significant positive effects of yoga in diabetic individuals. This study has indicated the evidence for the safety and efficacy of the validated DYP for community-level interventions to prevent maladies like brain damage and stroke.

MC4R as a Target for Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 935-946
Author(s):  
Juliana Pereira Lopes Gonçalves ◽  
Daniel Palmer ◽  
Morten Meldal
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

scholarly journals A study on association of polymorphisms in calpain10 and TCF7l2 genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Rezazadeh ◽  
Nasim Sohrabifar ◽  
Hossein Jafari ◽  
Ardabili Mohaddes ◽  
Jalal Gharesouran
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Allelic Association ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Type2 Diabetes ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Calpain 10 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Polymorphisms of the Calpain10 and TCF7L2 genes were identified as possible type 2 diabetes susceptibility genetic markers. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the relation between SNP43 of calpain-10 and rs12255372 and rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 with type2 diabetes in western-north of Iran. The role of these variants in Iranian population was less clear. A total of 202 patients and healthy controls were enrolled to analysis the frequency distribution of Calpain10 and TCF7L2 polymorphisms (SNP43, rs12255372 and rs7903146) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) method. The frequency of allele A in controls was significantly greater than that of diabetic patients (P=0.031), whereas the difference between distribution of SNP43 genotypes (A/A, A/G, G/G) were non- significant in case and control groups. Non significant association was also observed between G/G, A/G or A/A genotypes and type 2 Diabetes. The frequency of the ?T? allele of rs12255372 (G/T) was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR= 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.51; P<0.001). No allelic association was found for rs7903146(C/T) polymorphism. The distribution of alleles in case and control groups are significantly different indicating the G allele is associated with type 2 diabetes. The rs12255372 (G/T) may be associated with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of metformin on the expression of SNAER proteins in the skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
Snare Proteins ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and Aims: SNARE proteins are composed of a combination of SNAP-23, Stx-4, and VAMP-2 isoforms that are significantly expressed in skeletal muscle. These proteins control the transport of GLUT4 to the cell membranes. The modifications in the expression of SNARE proteins can cause Type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of metformin on the expression of these proteins in rats. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected. Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide were used for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were assigned to five groups (n=8), including healthy and diabetic groups as control, as well as three experimental groups which were treated with different doses of metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins.. Results: Based on the results, metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) decreased serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels. This difference in dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, all three doses of metformin increased the expression of SNAP- 23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Metformin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most significant effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, another anti-diabetic mechanism of metformin is to increase the expression of SNARE proteins, which effectively improves insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose.

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