A STUDY OF THE SHERRINGTON DECEREBRATE ANIMAL IN THE CHRONIC AS WELL AS THE ACUTE CONDITION

Brain ◽  
1922 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. BAZETT ◽  
W. G. PENFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Acute Condition ◽  
Decerebrate Animal

An efficient and fast multi-band focused bioimpedance solution with EIT-based reconstruction for pulmonary embolism assessment: a simulation study from massive to segmental blockage

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Minh Nguyen ◽  
Luong Duong Trong ◽  
Alistair L McEwan
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Lung Perfusion ◽  
Lung Field ◽  
Object Boundary ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Measurement Strategy ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Acute Condition ◽  
Respiratory Conditions

Abstract Objective: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is an acute condition that blocks the perfusion to the lungs and is a common complication of Covid-19. However, PE is often not diagnosed in time, especially in the pandemic time due to complicated diagnosis protocol. In this study, a non-invasive, fast and efficient bioimpedance method with the EIT-based reconstruction approach is proposed to assess the lung perfusion reliably. Approach: Some proposals are presented to improve the sensitivity and accuracy for the bioimpedance method: (1) a new electrode configuration and focused pattern to help study deep changes caused by PE within each lung field separately, (2) a measurement strategy to compensate the effect of different boundary shapes and varied respiratory conditions on the perfusion signals and (3) an estimator to predict the lung perfusion capacity, from which the severity of PE can be assessed. The proposals were tested on the first-time simulation of PE events at different locations and degrees from segmental blockages to massive blockages. Different object boundary shapes and varied respiratory conditions were included in the simulation to represent for different populations in real measurements. Results: The correlation between the estimator and the perfusion was very promising (R = 0.91, errors < 6%). The measurement strategy with the proposed configuration and pattern has helped stabilize the estimator to non-perfusion factors such as the boundary shapes and varied respiration conditions (3-5% errors). Significance: This promising preliminary result has demonstrated the proposed bioimpedance method’s capability and feasibility, and might start a new direction for this application.

scholarly journals Study on Risk Factors, Clinical Presentation & Operative Management of Ectopic Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Turani Talukder ◽  
Sabiha Sultana ◽  
Md Anwar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Operative Management ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Short Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Condition

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy is a major clinical problem in gynaecology because it is often difficult to diagnose as the patient present in different ways. An accurate history taking and physical examination is considered to be most important in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. There are two treatment options, medical or surgical. Surgical treatment is the fastest treatment for ectopic pregnancy though surgical management decreased from approximately 90% to 65%1. Surgery may be the only treatment option if there is internal bleeding. In the medical treatment group, 15% of cases were categorized as failures and required surgery1.Objectives: This study was conducted in the department of obst and Gynae of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2005 to June 2005 in an attempt to find out the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy, the way of presentation and to analyze the operative treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Materials and Methods: A total 50 consecutive patients who were clinically suspicious of ectopic pregnancy were included in this study between January 2005 to June 2005. Patients who were clinically suspicious of EP and also supported by positive urinary pregnancy tests, beta hCG and no intrauterine gestational sac in ultrasonography were included in this study. Detailed discussion about the study was done with the patient and then informed verbal consent was taken from them. Detailed history about patient profile, presenting symptoms, any risk factors and clinical examination done and the findings were recorded in the predesigned data collection sheet. Data was expressed in terms of frequencies and percentagesResults: Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years and 38% of low parity (para- 1).Previous miscarriage, infertility,IUCD users and PID identified as the risk factors of ectopic pregnancy— 42% patients had history of previous abortion or MR, period of infertility 22%, pelvic infection 12%, IUCD users 16%. In this study acute abdominal pain after a short period of amenorrhoea was found to be the main symptoms in ectopic pregnancy—100% patients were presented with lower abdominal pain, 70% with period of amenorrhea and 50% patients with per vaginal bleeding. All the patients were presented with acute condition and were surgically managed fastest treatment. At the time of operation 84% of ectopic tubal pregnancy were found ruptured, 10% were tubal abortion and 4% unruptured. Sites of ectopic pregnancy were ampullary 50%, isthmic 20%, fimbrial 10%.Conclusion: Most of the patient presented in acute condition with the classical features of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Near half of the patient were in younger age group (26 – 30 years) having risk factors like history of previous abortion/MR 42%, infertility 22% use of IUCD 16%, PID 12%. More then three forth( 84%) of cases were diagnosed as ruptured ectopic during operation. Operative management was done on the basis of site of ectopic and parity of the womanBangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2013; Vol. 28(1) : 9-14

What do patients with epilepsy tell us about language dynamics? A review of fMRI studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Baciu ◽  
Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
Keyword(s):  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Opposite Hemisphere ◽  
Acute Condition ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

AbstractThe objective of this review is to resume major neuroimaging findings on language organization and plasticity in patients with focal and refractory epilepsy, to discuss the effect of modulatory variables that should be considered alongside patterns of reorganization, and to propose possible models of language reorganization. The focal and refractory epilepsy provides a real opportunity to investigate various types of language reorganization in different conditions. The ‘chronic’ condition (induced by the epileptogenic zone or EZ) is associated with either recruitment of homologous regions of the opposite hemisphere or recruitment of intrahemispheric, nonlinguistic regions. In the ‘acute’ condition (neurosurgery and EZ resection), the initial interhemispheric shift (induced by the chronic EZ) could follow a reverse direction, back to the initial hemisphere. These different patterns depend on several modulatory factors and are associated with various levels of language performance. As a neuroimaging tool, functional magnetic resonance imaging enables the detailed investigation of both hemispheres simultaneously and allows for comparison with healthy controls, potentially creating a more comprehensive and more realistic picture of brain-language relations. Importantly, functional neuroimaging approaches demonstrate a good degree of concordance on a theoretical level, but also a considerable degree of individual variability, attesting to the clinical importance with these methods to establish, empirically, language localization in individual patients. Overall, the unique features of epilepsy, combined with ongoing advances in technology, promise further improvement in understanding of language substrate.

scholarly journals Motor unit contributions to activation reduction and torque steadiness following active lengthening: a study of residual torque enhancement

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 2209-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Jakobi ◽  
Samantha L. Kuzyk ◽  
Chris J. McNeil ◽  
Brian H. Dalton ◽  
Geoffrey A. Power
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Torque Capacity ◽  
Active Motor ◽  
Motor Neuron Pool ◽  
Acute Condition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neuron Pool

Our findings indicate that lower electromyographic activity during the torque-enhanced condition following active lengthening compared with a purely isometric contraction arises from fewer active motor units and a lower discharge rate of those that are active. We used an acute condition of increased torque capacity to induce a decrease in net output of the motor neuron pool during a submaximal task to demonstrate, in humans, the impact of motor unit activity on torque steadiness.

Immediate Effects of Leucotomy on Cerebral Functions and their Significance

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (410) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Observation Time ◽  
Confusional State ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Detailed Assessment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Acute Condition ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Detailed Picture

The subject of this investigation is the study of the immediate mental changes after standard leucotomy up to a time when the more acute manifestations of the brain operation have subsided and a stage of stabilization has been reached. Altogether twenty cases were examined, most of them schizophrenics. The observation time was between eight weeks and twelve months. The patients were examined in the first eight to ten days every day, and later at longer intervals according to their stabilization. In about half of the cases a detailed assessment of the patient's personality and intellectual faculties with a battery of tests was made before the operation. An assessment was also made of the patients' special abilities and knowledge, their general outlook and interests that had not been covered by the routine testing. The aim of the investigations was first to obtain a detailed picture of the acute condition following the operation, generally referred to as a confusional state, and to follow up the reorganization of these defects. Our next objective was to find out what significance these initial changes, or particular components of them, might have on the final result of the operation.

Balo’s concentric sclerosis: an update and comprehensive literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 873-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Amini Harandi ◽  
Akram Esfandani ◽  
Hossein Pakdaman ◽  
Mehdi Abbasi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahraian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Baló’S Concentric Sclerosis ◽  
Acute Condition

Abstract Balo’s concentric sclerosis (BCS) is considered a variant of multiple sclerosis characterized by concentric lamella of alternating demyelinated and partially myelinated tissues. It is a rare and a relatively acute condition. Attacks may proceed rapidly over weeks or months, typically without remission, like Marburg’s variant, resulting in death or severe disability. However, the majority of cases have a more benign, self-limiting course with spontaneous remission. Magnetic resonance imaging is a primary imaging modality in the diagnosis of BCS. Treatment with intense immunosuppression may be indicated in patients with more aggressive form. New reports reveal more evidence regarding the pathophysiology and treatment strategies.

scholarly journals The influence of various conditions on the time relations of tendon reflexes in the human subject

1922 ◽  
Vol 94 (657) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Patellar Tendon ◽  
Human Subject ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Spinal Reflex ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Trained Subject ◽  
Knee Jerk ◽  
Preliminary Account ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Decerebrate Animal

The following observations constitute a preliminary account of an investigation into the time relations of certain reflexes in the human subject. The knee-jerk was primarily selected for study. The variability of magnitude of the knee-jerk in response to equal stimuli has been commented on by the majority of observers, and, according to Seheven, such a variable response may occur even in the decerebrate animal. Whether variations of the irritability of the spinal reflex centre take place in the intact human subject there is no means of knowing, but study of the human responses has convinced us that by far the greatest factor in determining the variability of the knee-jerk is cortical activivity, and that, by taking suitable precautions, variability may be reduced to a negligible factor. In a previous publication, one of us (F. G.) has shown that these variations of the knee-jerk are secondary to alterations in the tonus of the quadriceps muscle. It was found that any stimulus of a nocuous nature, whether physical or psychical, caused an increase in the quadriceps tonus when the limb was flexed in the position in which the knee-jerk is elicitable, and that the magnitude of the knee-jerk was correspondingly increased. Similarly, pleasurable stimuli leading to an inhibition of effort were responded to by diminished quadriceps tonus and a diminished knee-jerk. It was found in our present experiments that, by using a trained subject and avoidance of all sources of psychical disturbance, it was possible to obtain responses to uniform stimuli which only rarely showed any irregularity. Neglect of the psychical factor has been the cause of the irregularity of response noted by so many observers. Uniformity of the stimulus was secured by the use of electrically released pendulums, which could be weighted to any desired extent. The relatively inefficient slow pushing stroke of the pendulum on the patellar tendon was converted into a more efficient stimulus of briefer duration by interposing a small piece of metal-covered wood, held in position by a stout springy steel rod. This anvil, for the reception and conversion of the pendulum blow, is adjusted in contact with the patellar tendon, and on the pendulum striking it the circuit of a Deprez signal is closed, and the moment of stimulation is photographed on the recording paper. The muscular response was recorded by photographing the excursions of the string of an Einthoven galvanometer, through which the muscle current of the quadriceps was led. For observation of more than one group of muscles simultaneously, a galvanometer with two strings was employed, and the muscle currents were explored by fine needle electrodes pushed into the substance of the muscle.

Paraphimosis revisited: is chronic paraphimosis a predominantly third world condition?

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rangarajan ◽  
S M Jayakar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Third World ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Acute Condition

Paraphimosis is an acute condition characterized by all the signs of inflammation. Here we describe a ‘chronic’ variant of paraphimosis where patients often present many days after the initial injury. The aim of this study is to identify and possibly classify this new variation of paraphimosis – the chronic condition. We studied 68 patients with this condition between 1997 and 2005. In all, the prepuce was fibrous and bunched up behind the glans penis and, in some cases, with ulcerations. All patients were treated by excision of the fibrous flap and circumcision, under local anaesthesia. Patients were discharged on the same dayon which the excision was done. Follow-up was on the third, seventh and ninetieth days. Long-term follow-up was possible in only 22 patients. This technique of modified circumcision was effective in treating this condition and we think a new classification of paraphimosis is warranted – acute and chronic.

Acute Condition of the Abdomen in Children: An Exceptional Case of Appendix Volvulus

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-139
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHE GINIER ◽  
THIERRY MERROT ◽  
HENRI STEYAERT ◽  
CHRISTOPHE SATTONNET ◽  
JEAN STÉPHANE VALLA
Keyword(s):  
Exceptional Case ◽  
Acute Condition

THE EFFECT OF ETHER ANESTHESIA ON AFFERENT PATHS IN THE DECEREBRATE ANIMAL

1922 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Forbes ◽  
Richard H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
Decerebrate Animal
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