scholarly journals Differences in Underlying Causes of Infant Malnutrition Between a Pastoral and an Agro Pastoral Community in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 247-247
Author(s):  
Ana Moyeda Carabaza ◽  
John Dawson ◽  
Mary Murimi
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pastoral Community ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
Feed The Future

Abstract Objectives To determine the difference in underlying factors related to child nutritional status between pastoral and agro pastoral based communities in Ethiopia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in two rural pastoral communities located in the Somali region and agro pastoral community located in Southern Nations. Pairs of mothers and their infants aged 6 to 52 months were randomly selected to participate in the survey. Data was collected using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, Dietary Diversity, and Sanitation for Household Survey. Anthropometric measurements taken included height, length, and weight using WHO Anthro version 3.2.2. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between communities. Logistic regression were used to analyze factors that contributed to infant health status. Results A total of 232 participants from both communities completed the survey. The agro pastoral community reported a higher food insecurity rate at 87% than the pastoral community at 70%. The prevalence of women not achieving the minimum dietary diversity was significantly higher in the pastoral community than the agro pastoral community (94% vs 68%, P < .001). Similarly, more households in the pastoral community reported accessing drinking water from unimproved sources (64% vs 0.9%, P < .001) and using unimproved toilet facilities (97% vs. 77%, P < .001) than the agropastoral community. Although almost all participants from both the agropastoral and pastoral communities reported washing their hands during critical times (100% and 96%) respectively. In addition, the pastoral community had significantly higher prevalence rates of infants’ wasting (44.5% vs 0%, P < .001) and underweight (47.8% vs 7.7%, P < .001) than the agro pastoral community. Conclusions Even though the prevalence of food insecurity was higher in the agro pastoral community than the pastoral community, they had lower rates of infant malnutrition. In contrast, although the pastoral community reported a lower rate of food insecurity, they had higher rates of child wasting and underweight, reported low dietary diversity, and poor hygiene practices. Based on these findings, dietary diversity and environmental sanitation may be protective of child wasting and underweight over and above food insecurity. Funding Sources Feed the Future Livestock Systems Innovation Lab (LSIL).

scholarly journals Predictive power of indicators to the perception of food and nutritional insecurity in the Bolsa Família Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Roncato Cardozo ◽  
Sinara Laurini Rossato ◽  
Maria Rita Marques de Oliveira ◽  
Vera Mariza Henriques de Miranda Costa ◽  
Luiz Manoel de Moraes Camargo Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bolsa Familia

Abstract: The objective was to analyze the predictive power of indicators of the perception of food and nutritional insecurity comparing beneficiary and non - beneficiary families of the Bolsa Família Program, through a cross - sectional study with 150 families. Demographic, socioeconomic, food insecurity (Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale), nutritional status (Body Mass Index) and household consumption patterns were collected. The correlation between the demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional status and level of food insecurity were tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient; the association with Chi-square and ANOVA tests; and the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals with Poisson Regression model. The predictive power of indicators of food insecurity was evaluated with the ROC curve. Patterns of food consumption, demographic and health characteristics were not significantly correlated with food insecurity. In the analyzes with the ROC curve, among the beneficiary families, the income derived only from the Bolsa Família and the Renda Cidadã Program with the Bolsa Família presented a better predictive power of food insecurity, covering the curve by 70%, followed by the difference between the income from wages and rent and gas (70%). The proportions of the total income of families spent on rent and gas had low predictive power (67%). Income components, mainly rent and gas spending, showed a better performance in the prediction of food insecurity among beneficiaries of Bolsa Família, and could be a complementary quantitative indicator to the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity.

scholarly journals Intakes of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients of a population in severe food insecurity risk in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Eugênia dos Anjos Coelho Kubo ◽  
Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa ◽  
Muriel Bauermann Gubert
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The One ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
National Databases ◽  
Fourth Quartile

AbstractObjective:To analyse usual intakes of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients, and their percentage of inadequacy, in a Brazilian population at severe food insecurity (SFI) risk, determined from a predictive model using two national databases.Design:Cross-sectional study. Our study used a statistical model to predict SFI using the 2009 National Sample Household Survey, where the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale measured SFI.Setting:Brazil.Participants:The model was applied in a probabilistic sample of 34 003 Brazilians aged 10 years or older that participated in a national dietary survey during 2008–2009. The application of the model generated the probability of each individual being in SFI. The probability of SFI was grouped into quartiles (first quartile with the lowest SFI risk, fourth quartile with highest probability of SFI risk).Results:The intakes of macro- and micronutrients were associated with SFI. The amount of energy and nutrients in the diet tended to be lower among individuals in the fourth quartile, with highest probability of SFI. The average intake of all studied minerals (Ca, Fe, Na, Mg) was less in individuals in the fourth quartile. Only Na presented a higher percentage of inadequacy in the first quartile, the one with a lower chance of SFI.Conclusions:The food intake of the Brazilian population at higher SFI risk is characterized by energy reduction, reduced consumption of macronutrients and high prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes, as well as a lower mean intakes, when compared with the first quartile with the lowest SFI risk.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Associated Demographic Factors among Chepang Adults in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Kshitiz Upadhyay Dhungel ◽  
Agya K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indigenous Ethnic Group ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the leading health problems globally. In developing countries like Nepal, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing yearly. This study aims to find the prevalence of hypertension and associated demographic factors among Chepang people, an indigenous ethnic group also known as one of the isolated tribal groups of Nepal. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in total of 324 respondent living in chepang community of Majbang-09 of Kalika Municipality. Semi structured questionnaire including socio-demographic, anthropometric measurement, 24 hour diet recall, and food frequency to explore dietary diversity information. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 20. Chi-Square test was used to measure the association between variables and was considered significant at p <0.05. Results: According to the study the 35.5% of the respondent were hypertensive and 50.3% of were pre-hypertensive. More than half of the respondent (58.3%) had normal BMI followed by (26.9%) of the respondent were overweight, (9.0%) of the respondent were under nutrition and (5.9%) of the respondent were obese. Among the respondent who had hypertension (60.7%) were above 60 years and the lowest (21.3%) were below 40 years. Conclusion: The socio demographic variables like age, sex, educational status, annual income and marital status were found to be significantly associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals Knowledge on home management of diarrhea among caregivers of children below five years with diarrhea in Ngandu Location, Nyeri County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2450
Author(s):  
Leah Wambui Gathogo ◽  
Sherry Oluchina ◽  
Elijah Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Management ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cross Tabulation

Background: To prevent dehydration and malnutrition in children with diarrhea, it is important they get good management at home. The caregivers should commence home remedies immediately before they seek medical advice. This study assessed the level of knowledge on home management of diarrhea among caregivers of children below five years with diarrhea.Methods: This research applied descriptive cross-sectional study design. The current study was a household survey targeting caregivers of children below five years with diarrhea. The Cochran's sample size formula was used to calculate a sample size of 345 respondents. Purposive sampling was used to recruit respondents in the study. The study employed a researcher- administered semi-structured questionnaire and use of a checklist. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used in the analysis.Results: The study found that that slightly above half 52.2% (n=180) of the respondents had low knowledge on management of diarrhea. There was a significant relationship (χ2=4.044, df=1, p<0.044) between respondent’s’ level of education and knowledge of home management of diarrhea. Cross tabulation showed that 60.2% of those who had low education also had low knowledge.Conclusions: The study concluded that the level of knowledge on home management of diarrhea among caregivers of children below five years with diarrhea was low. Level of education was a significant predictor of knowledge whereby low knowledge was associated with low education. The study recommends enhanced education of mothers on home management of diarrhea by nurses.

scholarly journals Is COVID-19 a Disease of Poverty: The Relationship Between Food Insecurity and the Likelihood of Hospitalization in Patients with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mohammad ariya ◽  
Jalal Karimi ◽  
Somayeh Abolghasemi ◽  
Zeinab Hematdar ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the Corona pandemic as a public health emergency. This pandemic affects the main pillars of food security. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and the probability of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period after getting COVID-19.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed through the census on COVID-19 patients diagnosed in Fasa, Iran. Informed consent, demographic, and food security questionnaire were completed over the phone. Then, all patients were followed up until recovery. Data were analyzed using SPSS26 and Chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression (P> 0.05).Results: In this study, 219 COVID-19 patients [100 (54.7%) male and 119 female (54.3%)] with a mean age of 40.05±15.54 years old were examined. Possibility of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period of more than one month was significantly longer in the food insecure group (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.76), respectively, but the mean length of hospital stay in the two groups was not significantly different (P = 0.76). After adjusting for all confounding variables, people with food insecurity were 3.9 times more likely to be hospitalized than those with food security. Conclusions: We observed that food-insecure people were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than the secure group.

scholarly journals Food insecurity arises the likelihood of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ariya ◽  
Jalal Karimi ◽  
Somayeh Abolghasemi ◽  
Zeinab Hematdar ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the Corona pandemic as a public health emergency. This pandemic affects the main pillars of food security. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and the probability of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period after getting COVID-19. The cross-sectional study was performed through the census on COVID-19 patients diagnosed in Fasa, Iran. Informed consent, demographic, and food security questionnaire were completed over the phone. Then, all patients were followed up until recovery. Data were analyzed using SPSS26 and Chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression (P < 0.05). In this study, 219 COVID-19 patients [100 (54.7%) male and 119 (54.3%) female] with a mean age of 40.05 ± 15.54 years old were examined. Possibility of hospitalization and the length of the recovery period of more than one month was significantly longer in the food-insecure group (P = 0.001) and (P = 0.37), respectively, but the mean length of hospital stay in the two groups was not significantly different (P = 0.76). After adjusting for all confounding variables, people with food insecurity were 3.9 times more likely to be hospitalized than those with food security. Overall, we observed that food-insecure people were significantly more likely to be hospitalized than the secure group.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY ADOLESCENTS FROM CURITIBA, BRAZIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Alexandre Augusto de Paula da Silva ◽  
Edina Maria de Camargo ◽  
Alice Tatiane da Silva ◽  
Jeruza Sech Buck Silva ◽  
Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Soccer Fields ◽  
Weekly Frequency

ABSTRACT Introduction Various studies have been developed and published in relation to the recommendations for physical activity and associated factors. However, there is a lack of studies that detail the places where physical activity is practiced, as well as its frequency, duration and volume. Objective To describe the places, types, frequency, duration and volume of physical activities performed by adolescents in Curitiba, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study conducted in 2013-2014, through a household survey with 495 adolescents (12 to 17 years). The places used, and the frequencies of the practice of physical activity were self-reported as either “goes” or “does not go.” The practice of physical activity was determined through the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, by type, frequency, duration and weekly volume. The types of physical activity were described with frequency distribution, weekly frequency, duration, and volume, by the median and interquartile range. Gender comparison was tested with the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05). Results The most frequently reported places for physical activity were public squares, parks, soccer fields, schools and sports halls. Soccer fields, schools, sports halls and skate parks were more used by boys, while girls attended gyms (p<0.05). The physical activities most practiced were soccer, skating/rollerblading, cycling, walking and active games. A higher proportion of boys practiced soccer, skating/rollerblading, cycling, running/jogging, and basketball (p<0.05), whereas the physical activities most practiced by girls were walking, walking the dog, dancing, playing games, and gyms (p<0.05). Sports (720 min/week), aerobic exercises (400 min/week) and conditioning exercises (345 min/week) were the activities with the highest weekly volume. Boys showed higher weekly frequency, duration and volume of practice of sports and active games than girls (p<0.05). Conclusion Public places with structures were the most used places, and sports were the most practiced activities. Level of Evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients; without consistently applied ‘‘gold’’ reference standard.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity is associated with low dietary diversity among pregnant and lactating women in rural Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunhee Kang ◽  
Kristen M Hurley ◽  
Julie Ruel-Bergeron ◽  
Assumpta Bou Monclus ◽  
Rachel Oemcke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
Household Food

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between household food insecurity and dietary diversity in the past 24h (dietary diversity score (DDS, range: 0–9); minimum dietary diversity (MDD, consumption of three or more food groups); consumption of nine separate food groups) among pregnant and lactating women in rural Malawi.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingTwo rural districts in Central Malawi.SubjectsPregnant (n 589) and lactating (n 641) women.ResultsOf surveyed pregnant and lactating women, 66·7 and 68·6 %, respectively, experienced moderate or severe food insecurity and only 32·4 and 28·1 %, respectively, met MDD. Compared with food-secure pregnant women, those who reported severe food insecurity had a 0·36 lower DDS (P<0·05) and more than threefold higher risk (OR; 95 % CI) of not consuming meat/fish (3·19; CI 1·68, 6·03). The risk of not consuming eggs (3·77; 1·04, 13·7) was higher among moderately food-insecure pregnant women. Compared with food-secure lactating women, those who reported mild, moderate and severe food insecurity showed a 0·36, 0·44 and 0·62 lower DDS, respectively (all P<0·05). The risk of not achieving MDD was higher among moderately (1·95; 1·06, 3·59) and severely (2·82; 1·53, 5·22) food-insecure lactating women. The risk of not consuming meat/fish and eggs increased in a dose–response manner among lactating women experiencing mild (1·75; 1·01, 3·03 and 2·81; 1·09, 7·25), moderate (2·66; 1·47, 4·82 and 3·75; 1·40, 10·0) and severe (5·33; 2·63, 10·8 and 3·47; 1·19, 10·1) food insecurity.ConclusionsAddressing food insecurity during and after pregnancy needs to be considered when designing nutrition programmes aiming to increase dietary diversity in rural Malawi.

scholarly journals Overweight in Goiás'quilombola students and food insecurity in their families

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana de Morais Cordeiro ◽  
Estelamaris Tronco Monego ◽  
Karine Anusca Martins
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective: To characterize the nutritional status of quilombola students and determine the food security status of their households. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with students aged six to nineteen years from quilombola communities in twelve municipalities of Goiás categorized by age, gender, school location (urban/rural), and nutritional status based on the World Health Organization's height-for-age and body mass index for-age charts. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used for measuring food (in)security in their families. Descriptive and association analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: In a sample of 226 students, overweight (17.2%) was more common than malnutrition (1.3%), especially in students attending urban schools (28.2%) (p<0.05). Most (75.2%) quilombola families experienced food insecurity, especially mild. Conclusion: The apparent contradiction of excess weight and food insecurity occurring simultaneously indicates the need of revising the study instruments and the causal network that identify poverty.

scholarly journals Household Food Insecurity Scores are Higher among Adults Infected with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Online Study among an Iranian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Kalantari ◽  
Hassan Eini-Zinab ◽  
Neda Ezzeddin ◽  
Nastaran Miri
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Food insecurity has negative impacts on health, including the function of the immune system. The association between food insecurity and COVID-19 infection rates has not been fully understood. This study aimed to examine whether food-insecure households are more vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: This online cross-sectional study was conducted on 2,871 Iranian adults (31 provinces), from August to September 2020. Demographic and socio-economic information was collected using a questionnaire. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used for assessing household food insecurity. The data analysis was performed by SPSS.22, using Chi-square test, ANOVA test, and Multinomial Logistic Regression Model. Results: The findings indicated that healthcare personnel were at higher risk of COVID-19 (CI = 1.90, 7.05; OR = 3.66; P < 0.001). It was also shown that HFIAS scores were significantly higher among infected people compared to non-infected (CI = 1.00, 1.05; OR = 1.03; P < 0.05). Women were at lower risk of infection compared to men (CI = 0.41, 0.87; OR = 0.60; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, in addition to long-term policies to improve food security, policymakers are recommended to implement short-term policies to reduce the vulnerability of the community to COVID-19 virus.

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