scholarly journals Hormonal Effect of High Protein Diets Among Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
Francisco Ramirez ◽  
Hannah Robinson ◽  
Kiona Costello ◽  
Jhelz Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Anxiety Assessment ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives A diet high in protein and low in carbohydrates are common occurrences in the clinical practice. We explore the effect that those diets have on endocrine system among a sample from 5 continents. Methods Data from n = 8252 unique participants that completed a self reported Depression and Anxiety Assessment Test was used. From the n = 8252 sample, n = 5662 were females and that is the data that was used for the study they had an average age of 46.5 [SD 17]. The Depression and Anxiety Assessment Test (registration TX 7–398-022) is a an questionnaire of 85 questions that included questions of demographics, and also the question “Do you currently take part in a low carbohydrate diet, such as the Atkins diet?” the group was divided in two those that follow the low carbohydrate diet and those that didn't. The questionnaire also ask about alcohol abuse, thyroid problem, being an uncontrolled diabetic and having painful menstrual periods on a regular basis. Results Among the females n = 552 were following a low carbohydrate diet (LCD), those had an average age of 48.5 [SD 16]. The females that were not following a LCD had a mean age of 45.7 [SD 17]. Regarding thyroid problems, 8.6% of the LCD group had a thyroid problem compared to 6.5% of those not following a LCD. Regarding uncontrolled diabetes, 6.9% of the LCD group had uncontrolled diabetes compared to 3.8% not following a LCD. Regarding regular painful menstruation, 27.5% of the females following the LCD group had them compared to 23.5% of females not following a LCD. Regarding current alcohol abuse, 8.9% following the LCD had them compared to 7.6% of those not following a LCD. Conclusions It seems that females following a LCD tend to have more endocrine problems. A follow up with laboratories should be done to confirm the impact. Funding Sources Self funded.

scholarly journals Impact of a 2-year trial of nutritional ketosis on indices of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaminie J. Athinarayanan ◽  
Sarah J. Hallberg ◽  
Amy L. McKenzie ◽  
Katharina Lechner ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We have previously reported that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet capable of inducing nutritional ketosis over 2 years (continuous care intervention, CCI) resulted in improved body weight, glycemic control, and multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the exception of an increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In the present study, we report the impact of this intervention on markers of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations as well as carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods Analyses were performed in patients with T2D who completed 2 years of this study (CCI; n = 194; usual care (UC): n = 68). Lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations were measured by ion mobility at baseline, 1, and 2 years and CIMT was measured at baseline and 2 years. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess changes in independent clusters of lipoprotein particles. Results At 2 years, CCI resulted in a 23% decrease of small LDL IIIb and a 29% increase of large LDL I with no change in total LDL particle concentration or ApoB. The change in proportion of smaller and larger LDL was reflected by reversal of the small LDL subclass phenotype B in a high proportion of CCI participants (48.1%) and a shift in the principal component (PC) representing the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype characteristic of T2D from a major to a secondary component of the total variance. The increase in LDL-C in the CCI group was mainly attributed to larger cholesterol-enriched LDL particles. CIMT showed no change in either the CCI or UC group. Conclusion Consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet with nutritional ketosis for 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes lowered levels of small LDL particles that are commonly increased in diabetic dyslipidemia and are a marker for heightened CVD risk. A corresponding increase in concentrations of larger LDL particles was responsible for higher levels of plasma LDL-C. The lack of increase in total LDL particles, ApoB, and in progression of CIMT, provide supporting evidence that this dietary intervention did not adversely affect risk of CVD.

Variability in Exercise Capacity and Metabolic Response During Endurance Exercise After a Low Carbohydrate Diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Claassen ◽  
Estelle V. Lambert ◽  
Andrew N. Bosch ◽  
Ian M. Rodger ◽  
Alan St. Clair Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

The impact of altered blood glucose concentrations on exercise metabolism and performance after a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet was investigated. In random order, 1 wk apart, 9 trained men underwent euglycemic (CI) or placebo (PI) clamps, while performing up to 150 min of cycling at 70% VO2max, after 48 h on a low CHO diet. The range in improvement in endurance capacity with glucose infusion was large (28 ± 26%, P < 0.05). Fifty-six percent of subjects in CI failed to complete 150 min of exercise despite maintenance of euglycemia, while only 2 subjects in PI completed 150 min of exercise, despite being hypoglycemic. Total CHO oxidation remained similar between trials. Despite longer exercise times in CI, similar amounts of muscle glycogen were used to PI. Maintenance of euglycemia in the CHO-depleted state might have an ergogenic effect, however, the effect is highly variable between individuals and independent of changes in CHO oxidation.

scholarly journals Changes in Body Weight in Relation to Appetite During 6 Months of Alternate Day Fasting with a Low Carbohydrate Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1646-1646
Author(s):  
Faiza Kalam ◽  
Kelsey Gabel ◽  
Sofia Cienfuegos ◽  
Mark Ezpeleta ◽  
Vasiliki Pavlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Maintenance Period ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Alternate Day Fasting

Abstract Objectives Alternate day fasting (ADF) has been shown to lower body weight and improve subjective appetite by increasing fullness over time. What remains unknown, however, is whether carbohydrate restriction during ADF would provide additional weight loss benefits by helping to lower hunger as well. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of 6-months of ADF combined with a low carbohydrate diet on fasting and postprandial appetite ratings. The relationship between changes in appetite and body weight was also examined. Methods Adults with obesity (n = 31) participated in ADF (600 kcal “fast day” alternated with an ad libitum “feast day”) with a low-carbohydrate background diet (30% carbohydrates, 35% protein, and 35% fat). The 6-month trial consisted of a 3- month weight loss period followed by a 3-month weight maintenance period. Results Body weight (P &lt; 0.001) decreased by 5.5 ± 0.5% by month 3 (end of weight loss period) and by 6.3 ± 1.0% by month 6 (end of weight maintenance period). Subjective hunger and fullness did not change during the weight loss period, or the weight maintenance period. Hunger and fullness were not related to changes in body weight during the weight loss or weight maintenance periods. Fasting insulin decreased (P = 0.03) by − 24 ± 8% by month 6 relative to baseline. Fasting glucose and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), remained unchanged over the course of the study. Conclusions These findings suggest that ADF combined with a low carbohydrate diet is an effective way of lowering body weight. However, these weight loss benefits are not related to improvements in hunger or fullness. Funding Sources Nestle Health Sciences.

scholarly journals Beyond “Counting Macros”: Are Common Fad Diets Nutritionally Adequate? An Examination of Their Micronutrient Content

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1823-1823
Author(s):  
Neal Malik ◽  
Serena Tonstad ◽  
Ella Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Abstract Objectives We compared a high-fiber bean-rich diet with a low-carbohydrate diet in a randomized controlled trial to assess their effects on body weight, blood lipids and micronutrient adequacy. Methods One hundred and seventy-three women and men with a mean body mass index of approximately 36 kg · m−2 were randomized to a high-fiber bean-rich diet that achieved mean (SD) fiber intakes of 35.5 (18.6) g · day−1 for women and 42.5 (30.3) g · day−1 for men, or a low-carbohydrate diet (&lt;120 g · day−1). Both diets were induced gradually over 4 weeks and included a 3-day feeding phase. Results After 52 weeks, the low-carbohydrate (n = 24) group tended to retain weight loss better than the high-fiber group (n = 30) (P = 0.06), although total cholesterol remained lower with the bean-rich diet (P = 0.049). The low-carbohydrate group consumed more vitamin K (P = 0.006), thiamin (P = 0.001), and niacin (P = 0.02) whereas those in the high-fiber group consumed more folate (P = 0.006), magnesium (P = 0.046) and copper (P = 0.017). Both groups consumed less than the RDA for vitamin D, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium and copper. Conclusions A high-fiber bean-rich diet was as effective as a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. However, both diets were deficient in micronutrients. These results may have implications for long-term disease risk and morbidity management. Funding Sources Lifestyle Center of America (Sulphur, OK).

scholarly journals Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Low-Carbohydrate Diet Coaching in Adults With Prediabetes: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

JMIR Diabetes ◽  
10.2196/21551 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e21551
Author(s):  
Olivia Yost ◽  
Melissa DeJonckheere ◽  
Spring Stonebraker ◽  
Grace Ling ◽  
Lorraine Buis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is preventable; however, few patients with prediabetes participate in prevention programs. The use of user-friendly continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) with low-carbohydrate diet coaching is a novel strategy to prevent T2DM. Objective This study aims to determine the patient satisfaction and feasibility of an intervention combining CGM use and low-carbohydrate diet coaching in patients with prediabetes to drive dietary behavior change. Methods We conducted a mixed methods, single-arm pilot and feasibility study at a suburban family medicine clinic. A total of 15 adults with prediabetes with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels between 5.7% and 6.4% and a BMI >30 kg/m2 were recruited to participate. The intervention and assessments took place during 3 in-person study visits and 2 qualitative phone interviews (3 weeks and 6 months after the intervention). During visit 1, participants were asked to wear a CGM and complete a food intake and craving log for 10 days. During visit 2, the food intake and craving log along with the CGM results of the participants were reviewed and the participants received low-carbohydrate diet coaching, including learning about carbohydrates and personalized feedback. A second CGM sensor, with the ability to scan and record glucose trends, was placed, and the participants logged their food intake and cravings as they attempted to reduce their total carbohydrate intake (<100 g/day). During visit 3, the participants reviewed their CGM and log data. The primary outcome was satisfaction with the use of CGM and low-carbohydrate diet. The secondary outcomes included feasibility, weight, and HbA1c change, and percentage of time spent in hyperglycemia. Changes in attitudes and risk perception of developing diabetes were also assessed. Results The overall satisfaction rate of our intervention was 93%. The intervention induced a weight reduction of 1.4 lb (P=.02) and a reduction of HbA1c levels by 0.71% (P<.001) since enrollment. Although not significantly, the percentage of time above glucose goal and average daily glucose levels decreased slightly during the study period. Qualitative interview themes indicated no major barriers to CGM use; the acceptance of a low-carbohydrate diet; and that CGMs helped to visualize the impact of carbohydrates on the body, driving dietary changes. Conclusions The use of CGMs and low-carbohydrate diet coaching to drive dietary changes in patients with prediabetes is feasible and acceptable to patients. This novel method merits further exploration, as the preliminary data indicate that combining CGM use with low-carbohydrate diet coaching drives dietary changes, which may ultimately prevent T2DM.

scholarly journals Impact of A Two-Year Trial of Nutritional Ketosis on Indices of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaminie J. Athinarayanan ◽  
Sarah J. Hallberg ◽  
Amy L. McKenzie ◽  
Katharina Lechner ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: We have previously reported that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet capable of inducing nutritional ketosis over two years (continuous care intervention, CCI) resulted in improved body weight, glycemic control, and multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the exception of an increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In the present study, we report the impact of this intervention on markers of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations as well as carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: Analyses were performed in patients with T2D who completed 2 yrs of this study (CCI; n=194; usual care (UC): n=68). Lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations were measured by ion mobility at baseline, 1, and 2 yrs and CIMT was measured at baseline and 2 yrs. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess changes in independent clusters of lipoprotein particles.Results: At two years, CCI resulted in a 23% decrease of small LDL IIIb and a 29% increase of large LDL I with no change in total LDL particle concentration or ApoB. The change in proportion of smaller and larger LDL was reflected by reversal of the small LDL subclass phenotype B in a high proportion of CCI participants (48.1%) and a shift in the PC representing the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype characteristic of T2D from a major to a secondary component of the total variance. The increase in LDL-C in the CCI group was mainly attributed to larger cholesterol-enriched LDL particles. CIMT showed no change in either the CCI or UC group.Conclusion: Consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet with nutritional ketosis for 2 yrs in patients with type 2 diabetes lowered levels of small LDL particles that are commonly increased in diabetic dyslipidemia and are a marker for heightened CVD risk. A corresponding increase in concentrations of larger LDL particles was responsible for higher levels of plasma LDL-C. The lack of increase in total LDL particles, ApoB, and in progression of CIMT, provide supporting evidence that this dietary intervention did not adversely affect risk of CVD.

scholarly journals Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Low-Carbohydrate Diet Coaching in Adults With Prediabetes: Mixed Methods Pilot Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Yost ◽  
Melissa DeJonckheere ◽  
Spring Stonebraker ◽  
Grace Ling ◽  
Lorraine Buis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is preventable; however, few patients with prediabetes participate in prevention programs. The use of user-friendly continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) with low-carbohydrate diet coaching is a novel strategy to prevent T2DM. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the patient satisfaction and feasibility of an intervention combining CGM use and low-carbohydrate diet coaching in patients with prediabetes to drive dietary behavior change. METHODS We conducted a mixed methods, single-arm pilot and feasibility study at a suburban family medicine clinic. A total of 15 adults with prediabetes with hemoglobin A<sub>1c</sub> (HbA<sub>1c</sub>) levels between 5.7% and 6.4% and a BMI &gt;30 kg/m<sup>2</sup> were recruited to participate. The intervention and assessments took place during 3 in-person study visits and 2 qualitative phone interviews (3 weeks and 6 months after the intervention). During visit 1, participants were asked to wear a CGM and complete a food intake and craving log for 10 days. During visit 2, the food intake and craving log along with the CGM results of the participants were reviewed and the participants received low-carbohydrate diet coaching, including learning about carbohydrates and personalized feedback. A second CGM sensor, with the ability to scan and record glucose trends, was placed, and the participants logged their food intake and cravings as they attempted to reduce their total carbohydrate intake (&lt;100 g/day). During visit 3, the participants reviewed their CGM and log data. The primary outcome was satisfaction with the use of CGM and low-carbohydrate diet. The secondary outcomes included feasibility, weight, and HbA<sub>1c</sub> change, and percentage of time spent in hyperglycemia. Changes in attitudes and risk perception of developing diabetes were also assessed. RESULTS The overall satisfaction rate of our intervention was 93%. The intervention induced a weight reduction of 1.4 lb (<i>P</i>=.02) and a reduction of HbA<sub>1c</sub> levels by 0.71% (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) since enrollment. Although not significantly, the percentage of time above glucose goal and average daily glucose levels decreased slightly during the study period. Qualitative interview themes indicated no major barriers to CGM use; the acceptance of a low-carbohydrate diet; and that CGMs helped to visualize the impact of carbohydrates on the body, driving dietary changes. CONCLUSIONS The use of CGMs and low-carbohydrate diet coaching to drive dietary changes in patients with prediabetes is feasible and acceptable to patients. This novel method merits further exploration, as the preliminary data indicate that combining CGM use with low-carbohydrate diet coaching drives dietary changes, which may ultimately prevent T2DM. CLINICALTRIAL

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