Variability in Exercise Capacity and Metabolic Response During Endurance Exercise After a Low Carbohydrate Diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Claassen ◽  
Estelle V. Lambert ◽  
Andrew N. Bosch ◽  
Ian M. Rodger ◽  
Alan St. Clair Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

The impact of altered blood glucose concentrations on exercise metabolism and performance after a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet was investigated. In random order, 1 wk apart, 9 trained men underwent euglycemic (CI) or placebo (PI) clamps, while performing up to 150 min of cycling at 70% VO2max, after 48 h on a low CHO diet. The range in improvement in endurance capacity with glucose infusion was large (28 ± 26%, P < 0.05). Fifty-six percent of subjects in CI failed to complete 150 min of exercise despite maintenance of euglycemia, while only 2 subjects in PI completed 150 min of exercise, despite being hypoglycemic. Total CHO oxidation remained similar between trials. Despite longer exercise times in CI, similar amounts of muscle glycogen were used to PI. Maintenance of euglycemia in the CHO-depleted state might have an ergogenic effect, however, the effect is highly variable between individuals and independent of changes in CHO oxidation.

scholarly journals Impact of a 2-year trial of nutritional ketosis on indices of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaminie J. Athinarayanan ◽  
Sarah J. Hallberg ◽  
Amy L. McKenzie ◽  
Katharina Lechner ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We have previously reported that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet capable of inducing nutritional ketosis over 2 years (continuous care intervention, CCI) resulted in improved body weight, glycemic control, and multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the exception of an increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In the present study, we report the impact of this intervention on markers of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations as well as carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods Analyses were performed in patients with T2D who completed 2 years of this study (CCI; n = 194; usual care (UC): n = 68). Lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations were measured by ion mobility at baseline, 1, and 2 years and CIMT was measured at baseline and 2 years. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess changes in independent clusters of lipoprotein particles. Results At 2 years, CCI resulted in a 23% decrease of small LDL IIIb and a 29% increase of large LDL I with no change in total LDL particle concentration or ApoB. The change in proportion of smaller and larger LDL was reflected by reversal of the small LDL subclass phenotype B in a high proportion of CCI participants (48.1%) and a shift in the principal component (PC) representing the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype characteristic of T2D from a major to a secondary component of the total variance. The increase in LDL-C in the CCI group was mainly attributed to larger cholesterol-enriched LDL particles. CIMT showed no change in either the CCI or UC group. Conclusion Consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet with nutritional ketosis for 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes lowered levels of small LDL particles that are commonly increased in diabetic dyslipidemia and are a marker for heightened CVD risk. A corresponding increase in concentrations of larger LDL particles was responsible for higher levels of plasma LDL-C. The lack of increase in total LDL particles, ApoB, and in progression of CIMT, provide supporting evidence that this dietary intervention did not adversely affect risk of CVD.

Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Cats with Glargine Insulin Improves Glycaemic Control and Results in Higher Probability of Remission than Protamine Zinc and Lente Insulins

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Marshall ◽  
J.S. Rand ◽  
J.M. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glargine Insulin ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Good Glycaemic Control ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

Glycaemic control and remission probabilities were compared in 24 newly diagnosed diabetic cats treated twice daily with either glargine, protamine zinc (PZI) or lente insulin and fed a low carbohydrate diet. After day 17, the probability of remission was substantially higher for cats with lower mean 12 h blood glucose concentrations on day 17, irrespective of insulin type. Glargine-treated cats had lower mean 12 h blood glucose concentrations on day 17 than PZI- or lente-treated cats, and all eight glargine-treated cats achieved remission compared to three PZI- and two lente-treated cats. The probability of remission was greater for cats treated with glargine than cats treated with PZI or lente insulin. In newly diagnosed diabetic cats, twice daily treatment with glargine provides better glycaemic control and higher probability of remission compared to twice daily treatment with PZI or lente insulin. Good glycaemic control soon after diagnosis is associated with increased probability of remission and should be the goal of insulin therapy.

scholarly journals Hormonal Effect of High Protein Diets Among Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
Francisco Ramirez ◽  
Hannah Robinson ◽  
Kiona Costello ◽  
Jhelz Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Anxiety Assessment ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives A diet high in protein and low in carbohydrates are common occurrences in the clinical practice. We explore the effect that those diets have on endocrine system among a sample from 5 continents. Methods Data from n = 8252 unique participants that completed a self reported Depression and Anxiety Assessment Test was used. From the n = 8252 sample, n = 5662 were females and that is the data that was used for the study they had an average age of 46.5 [SD 17]. The Depression and Anxiety Assessment Test (registration TX 7–398-022) is a an questionnaire of 85 questions that included questions of demographics, and also the question “Do you currently take part in a low carbohydrate diet, such as the Atkins diet?” the group was divided in two those that follow the low carbohydrate diet and those that didn't. The questionnaire also ask about alcohol abuse, thyroid problem, being an uncontrolled diabetic and having painful menstrual periods on a regular basis. Results Among the females n = 552 were following a low carbohydrate diet (LCD), those had an average age of 48.5 [SD 16]. The females that were not following a LCD had a mean age of 45.7 [SD 17]. Regarding thyroid problems, 8.6% of the LCD group had a thyroid problem compared to 6.5% of those not following a LCD. Regarding uncontrolled diabetes, 6.9% of the LCD group had uncontrolled diabetes compared to 3.8% not following a LCD. Regarding regular painful menstruation, 27.5% of the females following the LCD group had them compared to 23.5% of females not following a LCD. Regarding current alcohol abuse, 8.9% following the LCD had them compared to 7.6% of those not following a LCD. Conclusions It seems that females following a LCD tend to have more endocrine problems. A follow up with laboratories should be done to confirm the impact. Funding Sources Self funded.

scholarly journals Glucose response to low-dose glucagon for insulin-induced mild hypoglycaemia after 12 weeks of high versus low carbohydrate diet. A pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajenthen G. Ranjan ◽  
Signe Schmidt ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
Merete B. Christensen ◽  
Kirsten Nørgaard
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Mild Hypoglycaemia ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the glucose response to low-dose glucagon after high carbohydrate diet (HCD) versus low carbohydrate diet (LCD).MethodsIndividuals with insulin pump-treated type 1 diabetes went through 12 weeks of HCD (>250 g/day) and 12 weeks of LCD (<100 g/day) in random order and separated by 12 weeks. At end of each diet, mild hypoglycaemia was induced in the fasting state by a subcutaneous insulin bolus. When plasma glucose (PG) reached 3.9 mmol/L, 100 µg glucagon was given subcutaneously.ResultsFour of six participants completed both study visits while the remaining two only completed the study visit following LCD. They were 37 (28-52) years old (median (IQR)), had BMI 25.0 (24.5-25.2) kg/m2, and HbA1c 57 (55-59) mmol/mol or 7.4 (7.2-7.5) %. Daily carbohydrate intake was 95 (86-97) g during LCD and 254 (184-259) g during HCD. Compared with HCD, LCD had a significantly lower area under the PG curve from 0-120 min (521 (394-617) vs 663 (546-746) mmol/l x min, p=0.045) and insignificant lower incremental PG peak after the glucagon bolus (1.5 (0.6-3.2) vs 3.0 (2.2-4.2) mmol/L, p=0.317).ConclusionIn conclusion, the glucose response to low-dose glucagon was reduced after 12 weeks of LCD compared with HCD.

scholarly journals Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Low-Carbohydrate Diet Coaching in Adults With Prediabetes: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

JMIR Diabetes ◽  
10.2196/21551 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e21551
Author(s):  
Olivia Yost ◽  
Melissa DeJonckheere ◽  
Spring Stonebraker ◽  
Grace Ling ◽  
Lorraine Buis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is preventable; however, few patients with prediabetes participate in prevention programs. The use of user-friendly continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) with low-carbohydrate diet coaching is a novel strategy to prevent T2DM. Objective This study aims to determine the patient satisfaction and feasibility of an intervention combining CGM use and low-carbohydrate diet coaching in patients with prediabetes to drive dietary behavior change. Methods We conducted a mixed methods, single-arm pilot and feasibility study at a suburban family medicine clinic. A total of 15 adults with prediabetes with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels between 5.7% and 6.4% and a BMI >30 kg/m2 were recruited to participate. The intervention and assessments took place during 3 in-person study visits and 2 qualitative phone interviews (3 weeks and 6 months after the intervention). During visit 1, participants were asked to wear a CGM and complete a food intake and craving log for 10 days. During visit 2, the food intake and craving log along with the CGM results of the participants were reviewed and the participants received low-carbohydrate diet coaching, including learning about carbohydrates and personalized feedback. A second CGM sensor, with the ability to scan and record glucose trends, was placed, and the participants logged their food intake and cravings as they attempted to reduce their total carbohydrate intake (<100 g/day). During visit 3, the participants reviewed their CGM and log data. The primary outcome was satisfaction with the use of CGM and low-carbohydrate diet. The secondary outcomes included feasibility, weight, and HbA1c change, and percentage of time spent in hyperglycemia. Changes in attitudes and risk perception of developing diabetes were also assessed. Results The overall satisfaction rate of our intervention was 93%. The intervention induced a weight reduction of 1.4 lb (P=.02) and a reduction of HbA1c levels by 0.71% (P<.001) since enrollment. Although not significantly, the percentage of time above glucose goal and average daily glucose levels decreased slightly during the study period. Qualitative interview themes indicated no major barriers to CGM use; the acceptance of a low-carbohydrate diet; and that CGMs helped to visualize the impact of carbohydrates on the body, driving dietary changes. Conclusions The use of CGMs and low-carbohydrate diet coaching to drive dietary changes in patients with prediabetes is feasible and acceptable to patients. This novel method merits further exploration, as the preliminary data indicate that combining CGM use with low-carbohydrate diet coaching drives dietary changes, which may ultimately prevent T2DM.

scholarly journals Impact of A Two-Year Trial of Nutritional Ketosis on Indices of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaminie J. Athinarayanan ◽  
Sarah J. Hallberg ◽  
Amy L. McKenzie ◽  
Katharina Lechner ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: We have previously reported that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet capable of inducing nutritional ketosis over two years (continuous care intervention, CCI) resulted in improved body weight, glycemic control, and multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the exception of an increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In the present study, we report the impact of this intervention on markers of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations as well as carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: Analyses were performed in patients with T2D who completed 2 yrs of this study (CCI; n=194; usual care (UC): n=68). Lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations were measured by ion mobility at baseline, 1, and 2 yrs and CIMT was measured at baseline and 2 yrs. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess changes in independent clusters of lipoprotein particles.Results: At two years, CCI resulted in a 23% decrease of small LDL IIIb and a 29% increase of large LDL I with no change in total LDL particle concentration or ApoB. The change in proportion of smaller and larger LDL was reflected by reversal of the small LDL subclass phenotype B in a high proportion of CCI participants (48.1%) and a shift in the PC representing the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype characteristic of T2D from a major to a secondary component of the total variance. The increase in LDL-C in the CCI group was mainly attributed to larger cholesterol-enriched LDL particles. CIMT showed no change in either the CCI or UC group.Conclusion: Consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet with nutritional ketosis for 2 yrs in patients with type 2 diabetes lowered levels of small LDL particles that are commonly increased in diabetic dyslipidemia and are a marker for heightened CVD risk. A corresponding increase in concentrations of larger LDL particles was responsible for higher levels of plasma LDL-C. The lack of increase in total LDL particles, ApoB, and in progression of CIMT, provide supporting evidence that this dietary intervention did not adversely affect risk of CVD.

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