scholarly journals The impact of low‐carbohydrate diet on whole body metabolic profile of rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Wang ◽  
Steven Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of an 8-Week, Very Low Carbohydrate Diet Intervention on Obese Subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunjuan Gu ◽  
Haoyong Yu ◽  
Yuehua Li ◽  
Xiaojing Ma ◽  
Junxi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Obese Subjects

Aim. To investigate the effects of weight loss during an 8-week very low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) on improvement of metabolic parameters, adipose distribution and body composition, and insulin resistance and sensitivity in Chinese obese subjects.Methods. Fifty-three healthy obese volunteers were given an 8-week VLCD. The outcomes were changes in anthropometry, body composition, metabolic profile, abdominal fat distribution, liver fat percent (LFP), and insulin resistance and sensitivity.Results. A total of 46 (86.8%) obese subjects completed the study. The VLCD caused a weight loss of−8.7±0.6 kg (mean ± standard error (SE),P<0.0001) combined with a significant improvement of metabolic profile. In both male and female, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) significantly decreased (−166.2±47.6 μmol/L,P=0.001) andβ-hydroxybutyric acid (BHA) increased (0.15±0.06 mmol/L,P=0.004) after eight weeks of VLCD intervention. The significant reductions in subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), and LFP were−66.5±7.9 cm2,−35.3±3.9 cm2, and−16.4±2.4%, respectively (allPvaluesP<0.0001). HOMA IR and HOMAβsignificantly decreased while whole body insulin sensitivity index (WBISI) increased (allPvaluesP<0.001).Conclusion. Eight weeks of VLCD was an effective intervention in obese subjects. These beneficial effects may be associated with enhanced hepatic and whole-body lipolysis and oxidation.

scholarly journals Differential effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet on body composition and metabolic profile in obese diabetic db/db mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001303
Author(s):  
Toru Kusakabe ◽  
Shigefumi Yokota ◽  
Mika Shimizu ◽  
Takayuki Inoue ◽  
Masashi Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

IntroductionTreatment using sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitor and low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) for obesity and type 2 diabetes are similar in terms of carbohydrate limitation. However, their mechanisms of action differ, and the effects on the body remain unclear. We investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitor and LCD on body composition and metabolic profile using the db/db mouse model for obesity and type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsEight-week-old male db/db mice were divided into four groups: mice receiving normal diet and vehicle or canagliflozin (Cana) administration and mice receiving LCD and vehicle or Cana administration for 8 weeks. Consumed calories were adjusted to be equal among the groups.ResultsBoth Cana administration and LCD feeding resulted in significant weight gain. Cana administration significantly decreased plasma glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels with preservation of pancreatic β cells. However, LCD feeding did not improve plasma glucose levels but deteriorated insulin sensitivity. LCD feeding significantly reduced liver weight and hepatic triglyceride content; these effects were not observed with Cana administration. Combined treatment with LCD did not lead to an additive increase in blood β-ketone levels.ConclusionsSGLT2 inhibitors and LCD exert differential effects on the body. Their combined use may achieve better metabolic improvements in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Impact of a 2-year trial of nutritional ketosis on indices of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaminie J. Athinarayanan ◽  
Sarah J. Hallberg ◽  
Amy L. McKenzie ◽  
Katharina Lechner ◽  
Sarah King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Ldl Particles ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Lipoprotein Subfraction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background We have previously reported that in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet capable of inducing nutritional ketosis over 2 years (continuous care intervention, CCI) resulted in improved body weight, glycemic control, and multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the exception of an increase in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). In the present study, we report the impact of this intervention on markers of risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), with a focus on lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations as well as carotid-artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods Analyses were performed in patients with T2D who completed 2 years of this study (CCI; n = 194; usual care (UC): n = 68). Lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations were measured by ion mobility at baseline, 1, and 2 years and CIMT was measured at baseline and 2 years. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to assess changes in independent clusters of lipoprotein particles. Results At 2 years, CCI resulted in a 23% decrease of small LDL IIIb and a 29% increase of large LDL I with no change in total LDL particle concentration or ApoB. The change in proportion of smaller and larger LDL was reflected by reversal of the small LDL subclass phenotype B in a high proportion of CCI participants (48.1%) and a shift in the principal component (PC) representing the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype characteristic of T2D from a major to a secondary component of the total variance. The increase in LDL-C in the CCI group was mainly attributed to larger cholesterol-enriched LDL particles. CIMT showed no change in either the CCI or UC group. Conclusion Consumption of a very low carbohydrate diet with nutritional ketosis for 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes lowered levels of small LDL particles that are commonly increased in diabetic dyslipidemia and are a marker for heightened CVD risk. A corresponding increase in concentrations of larger LDL particles was responsible for higher levels of plasma LDL-C. The lack of increase in total LDL particles, ApoB, and in progression of CIMT, provide supporting evidence that this dietary intervention did not adversely affect risk of CVD.

Enzymatic regulation of glucose disposal in human skeletal muscle after a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya L. Pehleman ◽  
Sandra J. Peters ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Lawrence L. Spriet
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Whole body glucose disposal and skeletal muscle hexokinase, glycogen synthase (GS), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and PDH kinase (PDK) activities were measured in aerobically trained men after a standardized control diet (Con; 51% carbohydrate, 29% fat, and 20% protein of total energy intake) and a 56-h eucaloric, high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HF/LC; 5% carbohydrate, 73% fat, and 22% protein). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 1 g/kg) was administered after the Con and HF/LC diets with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies sampled pre-OGTT and 75 min after ingestion of the oral glucose load. The 90-min area under the blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration vs. time curves increased by 2-fold and 1.25-fold, respectively, after the HF/LC diet. The pre-OGTT fraction of GS in its active form and the maximal activity of hexokinase were not affected by the HF/LC diet. However, the HF/LC diet increased PDK activity (0.19 ± 0.05 vs. 0.08 ± 0.02 min−1) and decreased PDH activation (0.38 ± 0.08 vs. 0.79 ± 0.10 mmol acetyl-CoA·kg wet muscle−1·min−1) before the OGTT vs. Con. During the OGTT, GS and PDH activation increased by the same magnitude in both diets, such that PDH activation remained lower during the HF/LC OGTT (0.60 ± 0.11 vs. 1.04 ± 0.09 mmol acetyl-CoA·kg−1·min−1). These data demonstrate that the decreased glucose disposal during the OGTT after the 56-h HF/LC diet was in part related to decreased oxidative carbohydrate disposal in skeletal muscle and not to decreased glycogen storage. The rapid increase in PDK activity during the HF/LC diet appeared to account for the reduced potential for oxidative carbohydrate disposal.

scholarly journals Hormonal Effect of High Protein Diets Among Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 446-446
Author(s):  
Francisco Ramirez ◽  
Hannah Robinson ◽  
Kiona Costello ◽  
Jhelz Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Anxiety Assessment ◽  
Uncontrolled Diabetes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives A diet high in protein and low in carbohydrates are common occurrences in the clinical practice. We explore the effect that those diets have on endocrine system among a sample from 5 continents. Methods Data from n = 8252 unique participants that completed a self reported Depression and Anxiety Assessment Test was used. From the n = 8252 sample, n = 5662 were females and that is the data that was used for the study they had an average age of 46.5 [SD 17]. The Depression and Anxiety Assessment Test (registration TX 7–398-022) is a an questionnaire of 85 questions that included questions of demographics, and also the question “Do you currently take part in a low carbohydrate diet, such as the Atkins diet?” the group was divided in two those that follow the low carbohydrate diet and those that didn't. The questionnaire also ask about alcohol abuse, thyroid problem, being an uncontrolled diabetic and having painful menstrual periods on a regular basis. Results Among the females n = 552 were following a low carbohydrate diet (LCD), those had an average age of 48.5 [SD 16]. The females that were not following a LCD had a mean age of 45.7 [SD 17]. Regarding thyroid problems, 8.6% of the LCD group had a thyroid problem compared to 6.5% of those not following a LCD. Regarding uncontrolled diabetes, 6.9% of the LCD group had uncontrolled diabetes compared to 3.8% not following a LCD. Regarding regular painful menstruation, 27.5% of the females following the LCD group had them compared to 23.5% of females not following a LCD. Regarding current alcohol abuse, 8.9% following the LCD had them compared to 7.6% of those not following a LCD. Conclusions It seems that females following a LCD tend to have more endocrine problems. A follow up with laboratories should be done to confirm the impact. Funding Sources Self funded.

Variability in Exercise Capacity and Metabolic Response During Endurance Exercise After a Low Carbohydrate Diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Claassen ◽  
Estelle V. Lambert ◽  
Andrew N. Bosch ◽  
Ian M. Rodger ◽  
Alan St. Clair Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

The impact of altered blood glucose concentrations on exercise metabolism and performance after a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet was investigated. In random order, 1 wk apart, 9 trained men underwent euglycemic (CI) or placebo (PI) clamps, while performing up to 150 min of cycling at 70% VO2max, after 48 h on a low CHO diet. The range in improvement in endurance capacity with glucose infusion was large (28 ± 26%, P < 0.05). Fifty-six percent of subjects in CI failed to complete 150 min of exercise despite maintenance of euglycemia, while only 2 subjects in PI completed 150 min of exercise, despite being hypoglycemic. Total CHO oxidation remained similar between trials. Despite longer exercise times in CI, similar amounts of muscle glycogen were used to PI. Maintenance of euglycemia in the CHO-depleted state might have an ergogenic effect, however, the effect is highly variable between individuals and independent of changes in CHO oxidation.

scholarly journals Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Low-Carbohydrate Diet Coaching in Adults With Prediabetes: Mixed Methods Pilot Study

JMIR Diabetes ◽  
10.2196/21551 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e21551
Author(s):  
Olivia Yost ◽  
Melissa DeJonckheere ◽  
Spring Stonebraker ◽  
Grace Ling ◽  
Lorraine Buis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Dietary Changes ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is preventable; however, few patients with prediabetes participate in prevention programs. The use of user-friendly continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) with low-carbohydrate diet coaching is a novel strategy to prevent T2DM. Objective This study aims to determine the patient satisfaction and feasibility of an intervention combining CGM use and low-carbohydrate diet coaching in patients with prediabetes to drive dietary behavior change. Methods We conducted a mixed methods, single-arm pilot and feasibility study at a suburban family medicine clinic. A total of 15 adults with prediabetes with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels between 5.7% and 6.4% and a BMI >30 kg/m2 were recruited to participate. The intervention and assessments took place during 3 in-person study visits and 2 qualitative phone interviews (3 weeks and 6 months after the intervention). During visit 1, participants were asked to wear a CGM and complete a food intake and craving log for 10 days. During visit 2, the food intake and craving log along with the CGM results of the participants were reviewed and the participants received low-carbohydrate diet coaching, including learning about carbohydrates and personalized feedback. A second CGM sensor, with the ability to scan and record glucose trends, was placed, and the participants logged their food intake and cravings as they attempted to reduce their total carbohydrate intake (<100 g/day). During visit 3, the participants reviewed their CGM and log data. The primary outcome was satisfaction with the use of CGM and low-carbohydrate diet. The secondary outcomes included feasibility, weight, and HbA1c change, and percentage of time spent in hyperglycemia. Changes in attitudes and risk perception of developing diabetes were also assessed. Results The overall satisfaction rate of our intervention was 93%. The intervention induced a weight reduction of 1.4 lb (P=.02) and a reduction of HbA1c levels by 0.71% (P<.001) since enrollment. Although not significantly, the percentage of time above glucose goal and average daily glucose levels decreased slightly during the study period. Qualitative interview themes indicated no major barriers to CGM use; the acceptance of a low-carbohydrate diet; and that CGMs helped to visualize the impact of carbohydrates on the body, driving dietary changes. Conclusions The use of CGMs and low-carbohydrate diet coaching to drive dietary changes in patients with prediabetes is feasible and acceptable to patients. This novel method merits further exploration, as the preliminary data indicate that combining CGM use with low-carbohydrate diet coaching drives dietary changes, which may ultimately prevent T2DM.

Effects of carbohydrate availability on sustained shivering II. Relating muscle recruitment to fuel selection

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Haman ◽  
Stéphane R. Legault ◽  
Mark Rakobowchuk ◽  
Michel B. Ducharme ◽  
Jean-Michel Weber
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Fuel Metabolism ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Fuel Selection ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

The purpose of this study was to quantify how shivering activity would be affected by large changes in fuel metabolism (see Haman F, Peronnet F, Kenny GP, Doucet E, Massicotte D, Lavoie C, and Weber J-M, J Appl Physiol 96: 000–000, 2004). Adult men were exposed to 10°C for 2 h after a low-carbohydrate diet and exercise (Lo) and after high-carbohydrate diet without exercise (Hi). Using simultaneous metabolic and electromyographic (EMG) measurements, we quantified the effects of changes in fuel selection on the shivering activity of eight large muscles representing >90% of total shivering muscle mass. Contrary to expectation, drastic changes in fuel metabolism [carbohydrates 28 vs. 65% of total heat production (Ḣprod), lipids 53 vs. 23% Ḣprod, and proteins 19 vs. 12% Ḣprod for Lo and Hi, respectively] are achieved without altering the EMG signature of shivering muscles. Results show that total shivering activity and the specific contribution of each muscle to total shivering activity are not affected by large changes in fuel selection. In addition, we found that changes in burst shivering rate (∼4 bursts/min), relative contribution of burst activity to total shivering (∼10% of total shivering activity), and burst shivering intensity (∼12% of maximal voluntary contraction) are the same between Lo and Hi. Spectral analysis of EMG signals also reveals that mean frequencies of the power spectrum remained the same under all conditions (whole body average of 78 ± 5 Hz for Lo and 83 ± 7 Hz for Hi). During low-intensity shivering, humans are therefore able to sustain the same thermogenic rate by oxidizing widely different fuel mixtures within the same muscle fibers.

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