scholarly journals Confrontation of the “Dual Tracer” Indirect Method With Direct Ileal Sampling for Indispensable Amino Acid Digestibility of Sunflower Isolate in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 884-884
Author(s):  
Romain Tessier ◽  
Juliane Calvez ◽  
Nadezda Khodorova ◽  
Alain Quinsac ◽  
Romain Kapel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Enrichment Ratio ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Dual Tracer

Abstract Objectives The direct assessment of ileal samples of amino acid (AA) digestibility is invasive in humans. A less invasive but indirect method, namely « dual tracer » was recently developed. It relies on the plasma isotopic enrichment ratio of two labeled protein, a reference protein or alternately AAs labeled with 13C and the test protein labeled with 15N. This recent method has not yet been challenged against direct measurement of ileal digestibility. Methods Seven healthy volunteers were intubated with naso-ileal tube. Every 30min for 4h, they ingested sunflower biscuits containing a total of 25g of 15N intrinsically labeled sunflower protein isolate. They also ingested 60g chocolate containing a total of 400mg of a mix of 13C algal individual AAs. Ileal contents were collected continuously for 8h following the first meal and plasma was sampled every 30min for 4h and hourly between 4 and 8h. 15N and 13C indispensable amino acid (IAA) ileal digestibility were determined by measuring 15N and 13C enrichment in AAs by GC-C-IRMS and AA content by UHPLC in ileal effluent. Plasma and meal 15N and 13C IAA enrichment were measured by GC-C-IRMS. Isotopic 15N/13C ratio were determined using area under the curve value for each isotope. Results Using direct ileal sampling, average IAA ileal digestibility was: (i) 88.5 ± 5.0% for sunflower isolate (15N) with values ranged from 85.8 ± 5.1% for threonine to 91.1 ± 5.8% for methionine, and (ii) 97.6 ± 1.7% for free AAs (13C) with values ranged from 95.9 ± 2.3% for lysine to 98.8 ± 0.8% for phenylalanine. With the “dual tracer” method, digestibility of isoleucine, leucine, threonine and valine was significantly lower than with ileal determination (from 7.9% for threonine to 24.3% for leucine), Methionine and phenylalanine values were aberrant (over 100%) For lysine, the difference between the two methods was not statistically different (4.7%, p = 0.49). Conclusions With our methodological conditions, the “dual tracer” method provides physiological values for most IAA except methionine and phenylalanine. However, values were low compared to ileal digestibility (about 10%) and interindividual variability was high. This less invasive method is promising but requires methodological improvements. Funding Sources French Research National Agency (ANR), financial support of SOFIPROTEOL under the FASO Project PRODIAL.

scholarly journals Real Ileal Digestibility of Sunflower Protein and Amino Acids in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 667-667
Author(s):  
Romain Tessier ◽  
Juliane Calvez ◽  
Nadezda Khodorova ◽  
Alain Quinsac ◽  
Romain Kapel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
15N Enrichment ◽  
Sunflower Protein ◽  
Exogenous Nitrogen

Abstract Objectives Sunflower protein has a relatively well-balanced amino acid profile but it is little used in human food. Nutritional quality of sunflower protein isolate has never been directly measured in humans. This study aims to determine the ileal digestibility of protein and amino acid of a sunflower isolate incorporated in biscuits, in healthy humans. Methods Healthy volunteers (n = 7) were intubated with a naso-ileal tube. They ingested every 30 min for 4 h, sunflower biscuits for a total of 156 g of biscuits and 25 g of 15N intrinsically labeled sunflower protein isolate. A non-absorbable marker was perfused into the ileum. Ileal samples were continuously collected during 8 h after the first meal. Blood was sampled every 30 min for 4 h and every hour after and total urine was collected every 2 h. To measure nitrogen ileal digestibility, the percentage of nitrogen and 15N enrichment in ileal contents were assessed by an elemental analyzer coupled with and isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS). Indispensable amino acid (IAA) ileal digestibility was determined by measuring amino acid 15N enrichment by GC-C-IRMS and their quantification by UHPLC. Metabolic losses of dietary nitrogen were assessed by measuring 15N in urine and plasma. The digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) and the net post-prandial utilization (NPPU) were calculated. Results Exogenous nitrogen appeared in the ileum 1 h after the first meal, its flow was stable between 4 h and 7 h. Cumulated dietary nitrogen in the ileum was 14.0 ± 4.0% over 8 h. Sunflower nitrogen real ileal digestibility was 86.0 ± 4.0% of ingested nitrogen. Mean IAA ileal digestibility was 87.0 ± 6.1% with values ranging from 84.4% for lysine and threonine to 89.3 ± 7.8% for methionine. DIAAS was 0.93 for lysine. After 8 h, 4.0 ± 1.0% of dietary nitrogen was incorporated in plasma protein. Cumulated exogenous nitrogen in urinary urea was 4.0 ± 1.4% and exogenous nitrogen in body urea after 8 h was 9.8 ± 2.5%. The NPPU was 72.2 ± 3.7% at 8 h. Conclusions Sunflower isolate ileal digestibility is relatively low compared to other protein isolate assessed in similar conditions (ileal tube and 15N labeling of protein). Despite a moderate deficiency in lysine, sunflower protein isolate has a good post-prandial metabolic utilization. Funding Sources French Research National Agency (ANR), financial support of SOFIPROTEOL under the FASO Project PRODIA.

scholarly journals Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) better Estimates the Protein Value of Pistachios than Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Marie Bailey ◽  
Arianna Carughi ◽  
Hans-Henrik Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Amino Acid Score

AbstractPistachios (Pistacia Vera) are nutrient-dense foods with a healthy nutritional profile that contains fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, essential nutrients, phytochemicals and protein. However, the nutritional quality of the protein has not been characterized to date. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) for raw and roasted American pistachio nuts in growing pigs. The values for apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein (CP) and the standard ileal digestibility (SID) where calculated for these proteins. The CP content was greater for raw pistachios (27.1%) compared with roasted pistachios (25.1%). The amino acid (AA) in greatest concentrations for both types of pistachio were arginine followed by leucine. The AA in the lowest concentration were tryptophan followed by methionine. The AID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for raw pistachios than for roasted pistachios, and the AID of most indispensable AA (IAA), except arginine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine, was greater (P < 0.05) for raw pistachios. The SID of CP was greater (P < 0.05) for raw than for roasted pistachios, and the SID of all IAA, except phenylalanine, was greater (P < 0.05) for raw than for roasted pistachios. The PDCAAS value calculated for both types of pistachios was based on the requirement for children from 2 to 5 years old (FAO, 1991), whereas the DIAAS value was calculated based on the requirement for children 3 years and older, adolescents, and adults (FAO, 2013). Both raw and roasted pistachios had a PDCAAS value of 75. In contrast, the DIAAS was numerically greater for raw pistachios than for roasted pistachios with values of 86 and 83, respectively. For PDCAAS, the first limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachios when compared with the AA requirements for children 2 to 5 years was threonine. For DIAAS, lysine was the first limiting AA in both raw and roasted pistachios when compared with the AA requirements for children 3 years and older, adolescents, and adults. Based on the DIAAS cut-off values describing protein quality (FAO, 2013), raw pistachios and roasted pistachios can both be considered a ‘Good’ quality protein if consumed by children older than 3 year, adolescents, and adults.

Most meat products have digestible indispensable amino acid scores that are greater than 100, but processing may increase or reduce protein quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Bailey ◽  
John K. Mathai ◽  
Eric P. Berg ◽  
Hans H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Beef Jerky

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that meat products have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) >100 and that various processing methods will increase standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS. Nine ileal-cannulated gilts were randomly allotted to a 9 × 8 Youden square design with nine diets and eight 7-d periods. Values for SID of AA and DIAAS for two reference patterns were calculated for salami, bologna, beef jerky, raw ground beef, cooked ground beef and ribeye roast heated to 56, 64 or 72°C. The SID of most AA was not different among salami, bologna, beef jerky and cooked ground beef, but was less (P < 0·05) than the values for raw ground beef. The SID of AA for 56°C ribeye roast was not different from the values for raw ground beef and 72°C ribeye roast, but greater (P < 0·05) than those for 64°C ribeye roast. For older children, adolescents and adults, the DIAAS for all proteins, except cooked ground beef, were >100 and bologna and 64°C ribeye roast had the greatest (P < 0·05) DIAAS. The limiting AA for this age group were sulphur AA (beef jerky), leucine (bologna, raw ground beef and cooked ground beef) and valine (salami and the three ribeye roasts). In conclusion, meat products generally provide high-quality protein with DIAAS >100 regardless of processing. However, overcooking meat may reduce AA digestibility and DIAAS.

scholarly journals Digestible indispensable amino acid score and digestible amino acids in eight cereal grains

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1663-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah K. Cervantes-Pahm ◽  
Yanhong Liu ◽  
Hans H. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

To determine values for the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), it is recommended that ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values obtained in growing pigs are used to characterise protein quality in different foods. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in eight cereal grains (yellow dent maize, Nutridense maize, dehulled barley, dehulled oats, polished white rice, rye, sorghum and wheat) fed to pigs, where SID values in pigs can be used to calculate approximate DIAAS values in humans. In the present experiment, twenty-four barrows with a T-cannula inserted in the distal ileum were allotted to eight diets and fed for three periods to give a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. Each period lasted 14 d, and ileal digesta samples were collected on days 13 and 14. Among the SID values obtained for all cereal grains, values for total indispensable AA were greatest (P< 0·05) in rice and lowest (P< 0·05) in rye and sorghum. The concentrations of SID indispensable AA in rice were less (P< 0·05) than in dehulled oats, but greater (P< 0·05) than in the other cereal grains, and the concentrations of SID indispensable AA in Nutridense maize were greater (P< 0·05) than in yellow dent maize and sorghum, but less (P< 0·05) than in the other cereal grains, except rye. In conclusion, results indicate that to meet dietary requirements for AA in humans, diets based on yellow dent maize or sorghum require more AA supplementation than diets based on other cereal grains.

scholarly journals Ileal digestibility of intrinsically labeled hen's egg and meat protein determined with the dual stable isotope tracer method in Indian adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhu Kashyap ◽  
Nirupama Shivakumar ◽  
Aneesia Varkey ◽  
Rajendran Duraisamy ◽  
Tinku Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Egg White Protein ◽  
Meat Protein ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cooked Meat

ABSTRACTBackgroundProtein quality assessment through the Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score requires accurate measurements of true ileal protein and amino acid digestibility, for which a dual isotope technique was recently developed. However, the ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids (IAA) in humans from high-quality proteins is not well known.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to intrinsically label hen's egg and meat protein by the use of uniformly 2H-labeled amino acids, and to measure their true ileal indispensable amino acid (IAA) digestibility via the dual isotope method in humans.Design2H-labeled lyophilized boiled egg white protein, whole boiled egg, and cooked meat were obtained from layer hens (BV-300) administered a uniformly 2H-labeled amino acid mix orally for 35 d with their daily feed. The ileal IAA digestibility of these proteins was determined with reference to digestibility of previously characterized [U-13C]spirulina in a dual tracer method in healthy Indian subjects whose intestinal health was measured by the plasma kynurenine-to-tryptophan (KT) ratio.ResultsAll subjects had normal KT ratios. The mean ± SD true ileal IAA digestibility of 2H-labeled egg white protein, whole boiled egg, and cooked meat was 86.3% ± 4.6%, 89.4% ± 4.5%, and 92.0% ± 2.8%, respectively. Leucine digestibility correlated with the KT ratio (r = −0.772; P = 0.009).ConclusionsUniformly 2H-labeled hen's egg and meat protein can be used to measure ileal IAA digestibility by the dual isotope tracer approach in humans. The mean IAA digestibility values for these high-quality proteins in the healthy Indians studied were similar to values obtained in earlier human and animal experiments. Leucine digestibility in these meal matrices correlated with the KT ratio, but this aspect needs further evaluation. This trial was registered at the Clinical Trials Registry of India (http://ctri.nic.in) as CTRI/2018/03/012265.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dual Isotope and Ileal Sampling Methods for the Determination of the Amino Acid Digestibility of Pea Protein and Casein in Adult Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 873-873
Author(s):  
Florence Guillin ◽  
Claire Gaudichon ◽  
Laetitia Guerin-Deremaux ◽  
Catherine Lefranc-Millot ◽  
Gheorghe Airinei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Pea Protein ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Reference Protein ◽  
Dual Tracer

Abstract Objectives The measurement of amino acid (AA) digestibility of protein through direct ileal sampling is highly invasive and inappropriate for vulnerable populations, such as children or elderly. The new dual tracer method relies on comparing meal and plasma isotopic ratios of 1/a test protein 2/a reference protein (or AA mix) of known digestibility, each one being labelled with a different isotope. The aim of this study was to compare this new indirect dual tracer method to standard ileal method, for the determination of AA digestibility of pea protein and milk casein. Methods Fifteen healthy adult volunteers completed the study and were equipped with a naso-ileal tube. They were given 9 portions of mashed potatoes containing either pea protein or casein isolates that were intrinsically labelled with 15N and 2H. A 13C algal free AA mix was added in the meals as the reference for dual tracer method. Plasma samples were collected regularly from before the first ingestion to 8-h later, while ileal digesta were collected continuously. For ileal sampling method, the AA digestibility (RIDAA) was determined using the recovery a non-absorbable marker (PEG-4000) perfused in the ileum, and the measurement of 15N enrichment of the digesta. For the dual tracer method, the amount of AA absorbed (AbAA) was calculated by the ratio of 2H/13C enrichments in plasma and in meals. The isotopic enrichments were evaluated in digesta, plasma samples and meals by GC-C-IRMS. The AA content was measured in digesta and meals by U-HPLC. Results Mean AbAA and RIDAA of pea protein were 102.2 ± 3.1% and 94.3 ± 1.5%, respectively. Mean AbAA and RIDAA of casein were 91.9 ± 2.0% and 97.1 ± 0.8%, respectively. The dual tracer method overestimated by 10% and 5% the AA digestibility of pea protein and casein, respectively, and the variability was high. The mean ileal AA digestibility of the 13C free AA mix was high (98.1 ± 1.1%), which validated our choice to use it as the reference ‘protein’ in the dual tracer method. Conclusions Several AA digestibilities obtained with dual tracer method were in the same range as the digestibilities from ileal sampling method. The variability was high and the effect of the protein source was inconsistent. After further research and validation, the dual tracer method could lead to notable advances in the determination of protein quality in humans. Funding Sources Roquette.

scholarly journals Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Scores (DIAAS) of Six Cooked Chinese Pulses

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3831
Author(s):  
Fei Han ◽  
Paul J. Moughan ◽  
Juntao Li ◽  
Shaojie Pang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acid ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Amino Acid Score

Values for the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) of a protein are based on true ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values obtained in adult humans or in the growing pig as an animal model. An experiment was conducted using growing pigs to determine the true ileal digestibility (TID) values of AA in six cooked Chinese pulses (kidney bean, mung bean, adzuki bean, broad beans, peas and chickpeas). Each pulse was included in a diet as the only source of crude protein (CP). An N-free diet was given to allow determination of gut endogenous AA losses. Seven growing pigs each fitted with a T-cannula at the terminal ileum were allotted to a 7 by 6 incomplete Latin square with seven diets and six 7-d periods. The true digestibility values % for the total indispensable AA were higher (p < 0.001) for broad beans (87.3 ± 2.98) and lower (p < 0.001) for kidney bean (73.3 ± 4.84) than for the other pulses. For the older child (over 3 years), adolescent and adult, the DIAAS (%) was 88 for kidney bean, 86 for mung bean, 76 for chickpeas, 68 for peas, 64 for adzuki bean and 60 for broad beans.

STUDIES ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF ROYAL JELLY IN HONEYBEE DEVELOPMENT: VIII. THE UTILIZATION OF SUGAR UNIFORMLY LABELED WITH 14C AND OF ASPARTIC-1-14C ACID

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Lue ◽  
S. E. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Indirect Method ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Caste Development

The amino acid requirements of developing honeybee larvae were determined by the indirect method using glucose-U-14C and sucrose-U-14C. The amino acids proline, hydroxyproline, alanine, glutamine, glutamic acid, α-amino-n-butyric acid, γ-amino-n-butyric acid, glycine, serine, and β-alanine were classified as nonessential. Cystine, aspartic acid, asparagine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan, valine, threonine, tyrosine, lysine, histidine, and arginine were considered to be essential. The metabolism of sugar and aspartic acid are discussed in relation to caste development.

PSVI-13 Amino Acid Supplementation During the Adaptation Period Did Not Affect the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal Fed to Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sun Jong You ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9 ± 2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for 4 and half days, and the 3 diets containing AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following 2 and half days. Ileal digesta were collected during the last 2 days. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period. In conclusion, the addition of amino acid during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in feed ingredients.

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