scholarly journals Objective and Subjective Measures of Socioeconomic Status Are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among African American Adults in the Jackson Heart Study (P18-006-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Cardel ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Akilah Dulin ◽  
Darci Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
African American ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Social Status ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study

Abstract Objectives In this study, data from the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) were used to assess the independent associations between objective socioeconomic status (OSS) and subjective social status (SSS) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity and MetS indicators in African American (AA) adults at baseline and eight years later. Methods Participants included 3870 AA participants (63.1% women; mean age 53.8 ± 13.0, age range 35–84 years). OSS was assessed using annual household income and years of school completed. SSS was measured with the MacArthur Scale, using two 10-rung “ladders” with U.S. society and the individual's community as referent groups for their perceived social rank. Associations of OSS and SSS with a sex- and race/ethnic-specific MetS severity Z-score were examined after adjustment for demographics and MetS risk factors (i.e., nutrition, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption) at baseline and 8-year follow-up. Results Independent of OSS, demographic, and lifestyle factors, individuals who placed themselves on lower rungs of a visual ladder depicting relative social standing in society had more severe metabolic syndrome at baseline but not 8-years later (P = 0.0123 and P = 0.3248, respectively). The components of MetS driving the relationship between US-level SSS and MetS severity at baseline were waist circumference and triglyceride levels, as waist circumference and triglycerides at baseline were inversely associated with US-level SSS (P = 0.0124 and P = 0.0074, respectively). OSS components, including measures of income and education, were both independently associated with MetS severity at baseline (P < 0.05) but not at 8-year follow-up. Community-level SSS was not associated with MetS severity at baseline or 8-year follow-up. Conclusions These data indicate that both subjective and objective measures of social status are independently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and the severity of MetS among AA adults and should be considered in adjunct when exploring the role of social determinants of cardiometabolic health. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL120960 R25HL126146 and K01HL141535) and the National Center For Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001427).

Abstract P084: Associations of Anger and Hostility with the Metabolic Syndrome: Cross-sectional Analyses from the Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice E Williams ◽  
Sharon B Wyatt ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Thomas H Mosley ◽  
Patricia M Dubbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African American ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Study

There is evidence that anger and hostility are positively associated with the metabolic syndrome. In turn, the metabolic syndrome mediates the association between anger and hostility and adverse cardiac events. Very little is known about these associations in African-American populations. We assessed the hypothesis that anger and hostility are positively associated with the metabolic syndrome in an African-American cohort. Participants were 2,732 African-American men and women, ages 45 – 95, who were enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study at baseline. Anger was measured using the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Inventory, and hostility was measured using the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale. The metabolic syndrome was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Overall anger, components anger-in and anger-out, and hostility scores were entered into separate logistic regression models as continuous variables. In models adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and physical activity, higher levels of overall anger (β = 0.024, p = 0.006), anger-in (β = 0.028, p = 0.04), anger-out (β = 0.037, p = 0.04), and hostility (β = 0.021, p = 0.04) were associated with an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The correlation between anger and hostility was statistically significant but not strong (r = 0.38, p <0.0001). In men, 5 of the 16 individual anger items were significantly associated with the metabolic syndrome. The strongest was “I lose my temper” (β = 0.395, p = 0.003) and “I tend to harbor grudges” (β = 0.314, p = 0.008). In women, only 1 anger item, “I make sarcastic remarks” (β = 0.189, p = 0.04) was associated with the metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, higher levels of overall anger, anger-in, anger-out, and hostility were associated with an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in middle- and older-aged African-American men and women. In men, an angry temperament and a tendency to hold grudges were particularly strong correlates of the metabolic syndrome. Increased understanding of the negative emotions anger and hostility among African-Americans may provide greater insights into cardiovascular disease risk in their population.

Abstract P488: Discrimination and Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in The Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allana T Forde ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Tené Lewis ◽  
Amanda Onwuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Low Levels

Background: African Americans have a higher risk for hypertension compared to other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. One possible explanation for this health disparity is perceived discrimination. Few studies have prospectively examined the association between discrimination and the incidence of hypertension. Methods: We examined the associations of everyday, lifetime, and stress from lifetime discrimination with incident hypertension and whether these associations differed by sex, discrimination attribution (i.e. the main reason for the discrimination event), and coping responses to discrimination among African Americans enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study. Discrimination was self-reported by 1845 African Americans aged 21 to 85 years without hypertension at baseline (2000-2004). Participants completed two follow-up study visits from 2005-2008 and 2009-2013. We used interval-censored Cox regression to estimate associations of discrimination with incident hypertension (antihypertensive medication use; and/or systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg at follow-up visits 2 or 3) after adjustment for confounding variables. Results: Overall, 52% (954 of 1845) of participants developed hypertension over the follow-up period. After adjustment for age, sex, education and hypertension risk factors (body mass index, alcohol use, smoking, diet and physical activity), medium versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (hazard ratio-HR: 1.45, 95% confidence interval-CI: 1.15-1.82) and high versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (HR: 1.35, CI: 1.08-1.68) were associated with a higher incidence of hypertension. High versus low stress from lifetime discrimination was associated with hypertension risk after adjustment for demographics (HR: 1.20, CI: 1.02-1.41), but the association was attenuated after adjustment for hypertension risk factors (HR: 1.14, CI: 0.97-1.35). Lifetime discrimination and stress from discrimination were associated with an increased hypertension risk among females, but not males. No interactions with age, attribution or coping were present for any type of discrimination. Conclusions: Findings from this study support an association between lifetime discrimination and incident hypertension in African Americans.

Abstract 273: HDL Particle Concentration Inversely Associates with Incident Metabolic Syndrome in the Multiethnic Dallas Heart Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi Mani ◽  
Ian J Neeland ◽  
Darren K McGuire ◽  
Colby Ayers ◽  
Amit Khera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Dallas Heart Study

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is a diagnostic criterion of MetS and a major ASCVD risk factor. HDL particle concentration (HDL-P) associates with incident ASCVD independent of HDL-C, but its association with incident MetS has not been studied. We hypothesized that HDL-P would be inversely associated with incident metabolic syndrome independent of HDL-C and other recognized risk factors. Methods: HDL-P was measured by NMR and visceral fat by MRI in participants of the Dallas Heart Study, a probability-based population sample of adults age 30-65. Participants with prevalent MetS, DM, CVD, cirrhosis, cancer, HIV, or renal failure were excluded. Incident MetS as defined by NCEP ATPIII criteria was determined in all participants after median follow-up period of 9.4 years. Results: Among a cohort of 1120 participants without DM or MetS at baseline (57% women, 45% Black, mean age 43), 22.8% had incident MetS at follow-up. HDL-P and HDL-C were modestly correlated (r=0.54, p<0.0001). The lowest quartile of HDL-P was associated with younger age, men, Hispanic ethnicity, lower total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol levels and particle sizes, and less reported alcohol intake. Participants in the lowest sex and race stratified quartile of HDL-P had the highest incidence of MetS (Figure). In models adjusted for traditional risk factors, HDL-C, visceral fat, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP, the lowest quartile of HDL-P was associated with 65% increased risk of incident MetS (Figure). Conclusion: HDL-P is independently associated with incident MetS after adjustment for HDL-C, adiposity, inflammation, and markers of insulin sensitivity. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and elucidate the mechanisms underpinning this association.

scholarly journals Association between MTNR1B polymorphisms and obesity in African American: findings from the Jackson Heart Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Tchio ◽  
Solomon K. Musani ◽  
Alexander Quarshie ◽  
Gianluca Tosini
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Heart Study

Abstract Background Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted at night by the pineal gland. It exerts its function by binding to the MT1 and MT2 receptors, which are encoded by the MTNR1A and MTNR1B genes, respectively. Previous studies reveal that MTNR1B variants are associated with insulin secretion impairments and an increased body mass index (BMI) in individuals of European and Asian ancestries. Obesity is highly prevalent in the US and disproportionately affects African Americans. Here, we hypothesized that common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) imputed in 1000 Genomes in the MTNR1B gene are associated with adiposity in African American adult men and women and that the association is modified by insomnia. Methods We used an additive genetic model to describe the association between the adiposity traits (BMI and waist circumference) and selected MTNR1B variants in 3,029 Jackson Heart Study participants, with an average age of 55.13 ± 12.84 years, and 62% were women. We regressed the adiposity measures on the estimated allelic or genotypic dosage at every selected SNP and adjusted for age, sex, population stratification, and insomnia. Thirty common SNPs, spanning the MTNR1B gene, with a minor allele frequency ≥ 5%, a call rate ≥ 90%, a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium p value > 10–6, were available for the analysis. Results The allele T of rs76371840 was associated with adiposity (OR = 1.47 [1.13—1.82]; PFDR-adjusted = 0.0499), and the allele A of rs8192552 showed a significant association with waist circumference (β = 0.023 ± 0.007; PFDR-adjusted = 0.0077) after correcting for multiple testing. When insomnia was included in the adiposity analysis model, the following four variants became significantly associated with adiposity: rs6483208; rs4388843; rs4601728; and rs12804291. Conclusions Our data indicate that polymorphisms in the MTNR1B gene are associated with obesity traits in African Americans. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the effect of insomnia on the association between the circadian MTNR1B genetic variants and metabolic traits in an African American sample population. We observed that insomnia affected the association between the MTNR1B variants and adiposity.

scholarly journals Association of adiponectin and socioeconomic status in African American men and women: the Jackson heart study

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon K. Davis ◽  
Ruihua Xu ◽  
Pia Riestra ◽  
Samson Y. Gebreab ◽  
Rumana J. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Men ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals Correlates and the Heritability Estimates of Metabolic Syndrome among African American: The Jackson Heart Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana Khan ◽  
Samson Gebreab ◽  
Pia Crespo ◽  
Ruihua Xu ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African American ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Heritability Estimates

scholarly journals Steps/day and metabolic syndrome in African American adults: The Jackson Heart Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Newton, ◽  
Hongmei Han ◽  
William D. Johnson ◽  
DeMarc A. Hickson ◽  
Timothy S. Church ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African American ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
African American Adults ◽  
Heart Study

Abstract 005: Cumulative Stress Exposure is Associated With Incident Hypertension in African Americans: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya M Spruill ◽  
Mark J Butler ◽  
S J Thomas ◽  
Gabriel S Tajeu ◽  
Sheila F Castaneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction and Hypothesis: Chronic stress has been associated with incident hypertension but evidence is mixed, particularly in African Americans. We tested the hypothesis that higher cumulative exposure to stress would be associated with increased risk of developing hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a prospective study of cardiovascular disease in African Americans. Methods: Analyses included 1,442 JHS participants free of hypertension at baseline (2000-2004) who completed at least 3 annual follow-up telephone interviews. Incident hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive medications at Exam 2 (2005-2008) or Exam 3 (2009-2013). A single-item measure of stress (“How much stress have you experienced over the past year?”) was completed during annual interviews, and the percentage of assessments in each measurement interval (i.e., between Exams 1 and 2, between Exams 2 and 3) in which high stress was reported was categorized as No Chronic Stress (0%), Low Chronic Stress (1-33.3%) or High Chronic Stress (>33.3%). Chronic stress exposure in each interval was used to predict incident hypertension at the following exam among participants free of hypertension at the start of the interval using repeated measures Poisson regression models with progressive adjustment for age, sex, years between exams and other relevant risk factors (education, marital status, parental history of hypertension, baseline SBP and DBP, body mass index, diabetes, chronic kidney disease). Results: The 1,442 participants in this analysis contributed data to 1,987 measurement intervals. The mean age was 49±0.26 years and 41% were male. During follow-up (median, 8 years), 44.0% of participants developed hypertension. The percentage of intervals with No, Low and High chronic stress was 62.3%, 9.2% and 28.6%, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted risk ratios (95% confidence interval) for incident hypertension associated with Low (vs. No) and High (vs. No) chronic stress were 1.11 (0.90-1.37) and 1.21 (1.06-1.38), respectively ( P trend=0.005). This association remained statistically significant after further adjustment for baseline stress ( P trend=0.014) and potential behavioral mediators (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, diet; P trend=0.03). In stratified analyses, the association was present in women ( P trend=0.002), younger participants (<50 years old; P trend=0.007) and those with normal BP at baseline ( P trend=0.001). Conclusion: We found that African Americans reporting higher chronic stress over time are at increased risk of developing hypertension, independent of baseline stress levels and cardiovascular and behavioral risk factors. Future studies should evaluate the use of stress management interventions to support primary prevention of hypertension in this high risk population.

scholarly journals Discrimination and Hypertension Risk Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allana T. Forde ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Paul Muntner ◽  
Tené Lewis ◽  
Amanda Onwuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
African Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Incident Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Risk ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Low Levels

African Americans have a higher risk of hypertension compared with other racial or ethnic groups in the United States. One possible explanation for this disparity is discrimination. Few studies have examined the association between discrimination and incidence of hypertension. We examined whether everyday discrimination, lifetime discrimination, and stress from discrimination were associated with incident hypertension and whether these associations differed by gender, age, discrimination attribution, and coping responses to discrimination among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Discrimination was self-reported by 1845 African Americans aged 21 to 85 years without hypertension at baseline (2000–2004). Participants completed 2 follow-up study visits from 2005 to 2008 and 2009 to 2013. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate associations of discrimination with incident hypertension. Overall, 52% (n=954) of the participants developed hypertension over the follow-up period. After adjustment for age, gender, socioeconomic status and hypertension risk factors, medium versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (hazard ratio, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.18–1.89]), and high versus low levels of lifetime discrimination (hazard ratio, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.07–1.68]) were associated with a higher incidence of hypertension. No statistically significant interactions with gender, age, attribution, or coping were present. Higher stress from lifetime discrimination was associated with higher hypertension risk after adjustment for demographics (hazard ratio for high versus low, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01–1.40]), but the association was attenuated after adjustment for hypertension risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.97–1.35]). Lifetime discrimination may increase the risk of hypertension in African Americans.

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