scholarly journals Increasing Pulse Intake Improves Diet Quality in Adults in the US (P18-114-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Mitchell ◽  
Jeff Rumney ◽  
Jessie Campbell ◽  
David Cai ◽  
Julianne Curran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Gastrointestinal Health ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Pulses (dry beans, peas, chickpeas and lentils) are significant sources of important nutrients and other bioactive components providing health benefits including improved weight status and gastrointestinal health and reduced risk of cancers and cardiovascular disease. However, recent data suggests the intake of pulses remains quite low. To support dietary guidance encouraging healthier diet patterns with higher intakes of plant-based foods, an updated perspective on pulse consumption and their impact on diet quality is needed. Therefore, we analyzed data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2014 for adults to compare intakes of pulse consumers and non-consumers and to explore the impact of increasing pulse consumption on diet quality in the US population. Methods Pulse consumers were identified as those respondents who consumed pulses on one or both days of intake from 272 pulse containing food codes. Consumers were divided into quartiles of consumption based on grams of pulses consumed. Differences in energy adjusted nutrient intakes between non-consumers and consumers were assessed. The diets of respondents were modeled to increase plant-based food intake by replacing 57 g of meat and 28 g of refined grain with 100 g of pulses. The nutrient composition of the 100 g of pulses added to the modified diets was based on a weighted average of all pulses consumed. Nutrient intakes of the modified diet were analyzed to compare nutrient intakes between the modeling scenario and reported intakes. Results Approximately 27% of adults consumed pulses with a mean intake of 72 g/d just slightly < 0.5 cup equivalents/d. Consumers at all levels of intake had higher (P < .05) energy adjusted intakes of fiber, folate, magnesium, potassium, and zinc with lower intakes of fat than non-consumers. Consumers at the highest levels (≥69.8 (±1.01) g/d) had significantly higher intakes of choline, iron, folate and fiber. Substituting pulses for 2 oz meat and 1 oz of refined grain resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher energy adjusted intakes of carbohydrates, fiber, choline, folate, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and zinc. Conclusions Increasing pulses in the diets of the US population supports healthier dietary patterns consistent with dietary guidelines. Funding Sources This research was funded by the American Pulse Association and PepsiCo, Inc.

scholarly journals Pulse Intake Improves Nutrient Density among US Adult Consumers

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2668
Author(s):  
Diane C. Mitchell ◽  
Christopher P. F. Marinangeli ◽  
Sandrine Pigat ◽  
Foteini Bompola ◽  
Jessie Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to examine trends in pulse (dry beans, dry peas, chickpeas and lentils) intake over a 10-year period and to compare nutrient intakes of pulse consumers and non-consumers to better understand the impact of pulse consumption on diet quality in the US population. NHANES 2003–2014 data for respondents (≥19 years) with 2 days of intake was used to evaluate trends in pulse intake. Pulse consumers were identified as those NHANES respondents who consumed pulses on one or both days. Differences in energy adjusted nutrient intakes between non-consumers and consumers were assessed. There were no significant trends in pulse intakes for the total population or for pulse consumers over the 10-year period. In 2013–2014, approximately 27% of adults consumed pulses with an intake of 70.9 ± 2.5 g/day over 2 days, just slightly <0.5 cup equivalents/day. At all levels of consumption, consumers had higher (p < 0.01) energy adjusted intakes of fiber, folate, magnesium. Higher energy adjusted intakes for potassium, zinc, iron and choline and lower intakes of fat were observed for consumers than for non-consumers at intakes ≥69.4 ± 1.01 g/day. These data suggest that pulse consumption in the US population may result in better diet quality with diets that are more nutrient dense than those without pulses.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and diet quality by weight category among a racially diverse sample of women in Birmingham, Alabama, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca B. Little ◽  
Renee Desmond ◽  
Tiffany L. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Maximum Score

Abstract Diet is a modifiable contributor to health. The lack of adherence to recommended dietary guidelines may contribute to the disproportionate burden of obesity and other chronic conditions observed in the Deep South region of the United States. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe food group intake and diet quality by race and weight status of women in the Deep South. Study participants were eighty-nine healthy female volunteers (56 % black, 44 % white, mean age 39⋅7 ± 1⋅4 years) recruited from Birmingham, AL, USA. Body Mass Index (BMI) determined weight status (non-obese/obese). Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) calculated from dietary recalls assessed diet quality. Wilcoxon sum-rank test compared HEI-2010 scores by race and weight status. χ2 analysis compared the percentage of women who achieved maximum points for HEI-2010 index food components by subgroup. Caloric and macronutrient intake did not differ by race or weight status (mean kcal 1863⋅0 ± 62⋅0). Median Total HEI-2010 Score for the sample was 51⋅9 (IQR: 39⋅1–63⋅4). Although there was no statistical difference in diet quality by race, more whites achieved the maximum score for vegetable intake compared to blacks, while blacks reported higher total fruit intake. Non-obese women reported better diet quality (56⋅9 v. 46⋅1; P = 0⋅04) and eating more whole fruits, and more achieved the maximum score for protein from plant and seafood sources. In summary, differences in diet quality were observed by weight status, but not race among this sample. These results point to tailored dietary interventions for women in metropolitan areas of Alabama, USA.

scholarly journals The Impact of Adding Sugars to Milk and Fruit on Adiposity and Diet Quality in Children: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis of the Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants (IDEFICS) Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Dello Russo ◽  
Wolfgang Ahrens ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Gabriele Eiben ◽  
Antje Hebestreit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Idefics Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age And Sex

Sugar, particularly as free sugars or sugar-sweetened beverages, significantly contributes to total energy intake, and, possibly, to increased body weight. Excessive consumption may be considered as a proxy of poor diet quality. However, no previous studies evaluated the association between the habit of adding sugars to “healthy” foods, such as plain milk and fresh fruit, and indicators of adiposity and/or dietary quality in children. To answer to these research questions, we Panalysed the European cohort of children participating in the IDEFICS study. Anthropometric variables, frequency of consumption of sugars added to milk and fruit (SAMF), and scores of adherence to healthy dietary pattern (HDAS) were assessed at baseline in 9829 children stratified according to age and sex. From this cohort, 6929 children were investigated again after two years follow-up. At baseline, a direct association between SAMF categories and adiposity indexes was observed only in children aged 6–<10 years, while the lower frequency of SAMF consumption was significantly associated with a higher HDAS. At the two year follow-up, children with higher baseline SAMF consumption showed significantly higher increases in all the anthropometric variables measured, with the exception of girls 6–<10 years old. The inverse association between SAMF categories and HDAS was still present at the two years follow-up in all age and sex groups. Our results suggest that the habit to adding sugars to foods that are commonly perceived as healthy may impact the adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and increase in adiposity risk as well.

scholarly journals Modelling the Association between Core and Discretionary Energy Intake in Adults with and without Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie Fong ◽  
Ang Li ◽  
Andrew Hill ◽  
Michelle Cunich ◽  
Michael Skilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Core Energy ◽  
The Impact

Background: Many dietary recommendations for weight control rely on the assumption that greater core food intake will displace intake of energy-dense discretionary foods and beverages. However, there is little evidence to support these assumptions. This study examined the naturalistic relationship between daily core and discretionary energy intake, and with discretionary food and discretionary beverage intake, separately. The impact of weight status on these associations was also examined. Method: One hundred participants completed a four-day (non-consecutive) estimated food diary. Discretionary foods and beverages were identified by reference to the Australian Dietary Guidelines. Non-discretionary items were considered core items. Simultaneous-equation random effects models using disaggregated dietary data controlling for sociodemographic variables were used to determine the association between various dietary components. Result: Core energy intake correlated negatively with discretionary energy intake (cross-equation correlation, ρ = −0.49 (95% CI: −0.57, −0.39)). Its correlation with discretionary foods (−0.47 (−0.56, −0.37)) was stronger than that with discretionary beverages (−0.19 (−0.30, −0.07)) The correlation between core energy intake and discretionary energy intake was significantly stronger in participants who did not have obesity (−0.67 (−0.71, −0.50)) than those with obesity (−0.32 (−0.46, −0.17)) (p = 0.0002). Conclusions: Core and discretionary energy intake share an inverse and potentially bidirectional, relationship that appears to be stronger with discretionary foods than discretionary beverages. These relationships were significantly weaker in participants with obesity which may indicate less precise dietary compensation in these individuals. While strategies that promote greater intake of core foods may assist with weight maintenance in individuals of healthy weight, its impact in individuals with obesity may be limited. These strategies should be accompanied by direct messages to reduce commensurately the intake of discretionary items, with special attention paid to discretionary beverage consumption.

scholarly journals Validation of the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents by comparison with biomarkers, nutrient and food intakes: the HELENA study

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 2067-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Vyncke ◽  
Estefania Cruz Fernandez ◽  
Marta Fajó-Pascual ◽  
Magdalena Cuenca-García ◽  
Willem De Keyzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Diet Quality Index ◽  
Helena Study

Food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) aim to address the nutritional requirements at population level in order to prevent diseases and promote a healthy lifestyle. Diet quality indices can be used to assess the compliance with these FBDG. The present study aimed to investigate whether the newly developed Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) is a good surrogate measure for adherence to FBDG, and whether adherence to these FBDG effectively leads to better nutrient intakes and nutritional biomarkers in adolescents. Participants included 1804 European adolescents who were recruited in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study. Dietary intake was assessed by two, non-consecutive 24 h recalls. A DQI-A score, considering the components' dietary quality, diversity and equilibrium, was calculated. Associations between the DQI-A and food and nutrient intakes and blood concentration biomarkers were investigated using multilevel regression analysis corrected for centre, age and sex. DQI-A scores were associated with food intake in the expected direction: positive associations with nutrient-dense food items, such as fruits and vegetables, and inverse associations with energy-dense and low-nutritious foods. On the nutrient level, the DQI-A was positively related to the intake of water, fibre and most minerals and vitamins. No association was found between the DQI-A and total fat intake. Furthermore, a positive association was observed with 25-hydroxyvitamin D, holo-transcobalamin andn-3 fatty acid serum levels. The present study has shown good validity of the DQI-A by confirming the expected associations with food and nutrient intakes and some biomarkers in blood.

scholarly journals Too Many Treats or Not Enough to Eat? The Impact of Custodial Grandparents on Food Security and Nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 350-350
Author(s):  
Danielle Nadorff ◽  
Rahel Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Multigenerational Households ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Us ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the US, 28.5% of seniors are obese, with a BMI of 30 plus. The prevalence of obesity for children is also an alarming 17%, making it one of the primary public health burdens. According to the socio-ecological model, a child’s weight status can be influenced by factors related to parenting style, family, and the community. The literature reflects a significant emphasis focusing on children and their parents. However, according to the US Census, 7.5 million grandchildren are living with their grandparents, with about 1/3 of these residing in skipped-generation households. There are essential age-related differences in food preparation and eating behaviors between middle-aged and older grandparents and younger adult parents that may influence their children’s eating behaviors. Grandparents may provide a positive feeding environment, including role-modeling healthy food intake, teaching children about nutrition, and involving them in mealtimes and cooking, monitoring and encouraging children to eat nutritious foods, especially vegetables and regularly serving vegetables. However, grandparents have also reported providing energy-dense and nutrient-poor food and drinks and used food as a reward or gift. The current study aims to investigate the influence of caregiver type (grandparents only, parents only, or multigenerational households) on children’s nutrition, food security, and BMI. One-way ANCOVAs controlling for SES found that grandparent-headed households had children with more deficient diet and higher BMIs, but also less food insecurity. These results indicate that age-related changes in caregiver type are an important predictor of children’s nutritional health. Details and clinical implications will be discussed.

scholarly journals Prenatal Diet in Relation to Sleep Health of Offspring During Adolescence: Evidence From the ELEMENT Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 833-833
Author(s):  
Astrid Zamora ◽  
Karen Peterson ◽  
Martha Maria Téllez-Rojo ◽  
Alejandra Cantoral ◽  
Peter Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Maternal diet during gestation has been linked to sex-specific differences in infant sleep; however, the impact on sleep into adolescence is unknown. We sought to examine the relationship between maternal diet patterns and sex-stratified offspring sleep health during adolescence among a Mexico City cohort. Methods Data from 309 mother-adolescent dyads were analyzed. Prenatal diet patterns were formed by principal component analysis derived from a food frequency questionnaire collected over the third trimester. Sleep variables were derived from 7-day actigraphy data from adolescents aged 9–17 years. Linear regression was employed to examine sex-stratified associations between tertiles of the diet patterns with adolescent sleep, adjusting for confounding factors. Results Three diet patterns included: the Prudent Diet (PD), high in lean proteins and vegetables; the Transitioning Mexican Diet (TMD) high in Mexican and “Westernized” foods; and the High Meat & Fat Diet (HMFD), high in meats and high-fat dairy products. The mean (SD) offspring age was 15.1 (1.9) years, and 52.4% of the sample was female. The mean (SD) sleep duration was 8.4 (1.4) h/night. Adjusted analyses showed an association between PD adherence and earlier sleep midpoint among female offspring, the offspring of mothers in the highest tertile of PD had a 0.70 h (95% CI: −1.2, −0.20; p = 0.01) earlier sleep midpoint (p, trend = 0.01). Additional associations were detected between TMD prenatal adherence with shorter sleep duration and earlier sleep midpoint among both sexes. For example, female and male offspring of mothers in the highest tertile of TMD had 0.80 h (95% CI: −85.0, −10.6; p = 0.01) (p, trend = 0.0043) and 0.54 h (95% CI: −66.1, 1.3) (p, trend = 0.03) shorter sleep duration, respectively. HMFD prenatal adherence was associated with less fragmented sleep in a non-linear manner among females and was non-linearly associated with an earlier sleep midpoint among males. Conclusions Sex-stratified analyses demonstrated that findings were more robust between multiple diet patterns and shorter sleep, earlier sleep timing, and less fragmented sleep among female offspring, thus indicating that maternal diet during pregnancy may impact female offspring's sleep health in adolescence. Funding Sources US EPA, NIEHS, NHLBI, and the National Institute of Public Health/Ministry of Health of Mexico.

scholarly journals Diet Quality of First Semester Southeastern College Students and the Impact of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 258-258
Author(s):  
Zhiping Yu ◽  
Paul Fuglestad ◽  
Veruska Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
National Average ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Unhealthy Eating ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Studies have reported poor food choices and unhealthy eating behaviors among college students. The purpose of this study was to assess the diet quality of college freshmen and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Freshman students 18 years or older in all majors in a southeastern university were invited to take the Diet History Questionnaire III (DHQ III) in fall 2019 and in fall 2020. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores from the participants were obtained and compared to the HEI-2015 national averages through one-sample t-tests. Results Thirty students in fall 2019 cohort (86.7% female, 46.7% white) and 55 students in fall 2020 cohort (78.2% female, 63.5% white) completed the survey. Compared to national average data, participants in the current study had higher total HEI scores (60.9 vs. 58.3, P &lt; 0.05), higher total fruits scores (3.8 vs. 2.6, P &lt; 0.001), higher dairy scores (6.4 vs. 5.4, P &lt; 0.001), but lower total protein scores (4.1 vs. 5.0, P &lt; 0.001), lower seafood and plant protein scores (3.6 vs. 5.0, P &lt; 0.001), higher refined grains scores (8.0 vs. 6.7, P &lt; 0.001), and higher sodium scores (4.7 vs. 3.4, P &lt; 0.001). Just examining the 2020 cohort of students, after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the overall HEI scores were lower and not significantly different from the national average (P &gt; 0.05) and HEI fatty acids scores were lower (3.7 vs. 4.5, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions The diet quality of freshman college students remains inadequate and interventions are needed to prevent or postpone the health problems especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Funding Sources Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida

Food, Nutrients, and Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Davis ◽  
Elena L. Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Dietary Guidelines For Americans

Chapter 1 begins by covering key concepts in nutrition, including the function of nutrients and foods in overall health and the leading causes of death in the US. It then discusses the major nutrition recommendation formats designed to ideally simplify healthy food choices, such as the Nutrition Facts Label, MyPlate, and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The chapter closes with a presentation and discussion of some of the most common nutrition indices used in practice and research for measuring overall nutrient and diet quality.

No Evidence of Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure Salt Sensitivity When Potassium Intake Exceeds Levels Recommended in the US Dietary Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Kurtz ◽  
Stephen E. DiCarlo ◽  
Michal Pravenec ◽  
R. Curtis Morris
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

On average, black individuals are widely believed to be more sensitive than white individuals to blood pressure (BP) effects of changes in salt intake. However, few studies have directly compared the BP effects of changing salt intake in black versus white individuals. In this narrative review, we analyze those studies and note that when potassium intake substantially exceeds the recently recommended US dietary goal of 87 mmol/d, black adults do not appear more sensitive than white adults to BP effects of short-term or long-term increases in salt intake (from an intake ≤ 50 mmol/d up to 150 mmol/d or more). However, with lower potassium intakes, racial differences in salt sensitivity are observed. Mechanistic studies suggest that racial differences in salt sensitivity are related to differences in vascular resistance responses to changes in salt intake mediated by vasodilator and vasoconstrictor pathways. With respect to cause and prevention of racial disparities in salt sensitivity, it is noteworthy that 1) on average, black individuals consume less potassium than white individuals and 2) consuming supplemental potassium bicarbonate, or potassium rich foods can prevent racial disparities in salt-sensitivity. However, the new US Dietary Guidelines reduced the dietary potassium goal well-below the amount associated with preventing racial disparities in salt sensitivity. These observations should motivate research on the impact of the new dietary potassium guidelines on racial disparities in salt sensitivity, the risks and benefits of potassium-containing salt substitutes or supplements, and methods for increasing consumption of foods rich in nutrients that protect against salt-induced hypertension.

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