An Exploratory Study of College Students’ Attitudes Toward Dietary Protein: Development of a Dietary Protein Assessment Survey Instrument (P16-047-19)

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this exploratory study was to develop a survey to estimate college students’ attitudes towards dietary protein. This analysis explored the dimensionality of the attitude constructs in the Dietary Protein Assessment Survey Instrument. Methods The survey consisted of 64 questions, including 8 demographic questions, 24 knowledge questions, 14 attitude questions, and 18 behavior questions. The attitude questions included a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree” with a neutral midpoint. The dimensionality of the attitude constructs was explored by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using principal axis factoring and a promax rotation. Internal consistency reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Results Two hundred twenty-five subjects (91.1% female) provided responses; mean age was 27.8 + 11.7y. After removing items that did not factor, the EFA retained three factors which explained 70.2% of the variance. Factor 1 consisted of 6 items, factor 2 and 3 consisted of 2 items each. Factor 1 included 6 items related to animal versus plant sources and their relationship with human and environmental health; factor 2 included 2 items pertaining to the healthfulness of organic protein sources; and factor 2 included 2 items describing the adequacy of the RDA for protein with respect to weight loss and adherence to a vegetarian diet. Factor 1 shared a moderate, positive relationship with factor 2 (r = 0.48) and a weak, inverse relationship with factor 3 (r = −0.33). Factor 2 shared a weak, inverse relationship with factor 3 (r = −0.30). The Kaiser-Meyer-Oklin test (0.817) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (P < 0.001) indicated that the data were appropriate for EFA. There was no evidence of multicollinearity (determinant = 0.01). Conclusions Attitudes towards protein appear to be multi-dimensional and correlated. Further testing is needed to confirm the hypothesized 3-factor model and to estimate test-retest reliability of this survey. Funding Sources Dymatize.

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Construct Validity of a Dietary Protein Assessment Questionnaire to Explore College Students' Attitudes Towards Dietary Protein

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33562/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Parker Ackerman ◽

Cynthia Warren ◽

Derek Miketinas

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Factor Model ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

P Value ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Plant Protein Sources ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background: Misconceptions about consuming dietary protein may exist due to unscientific dietary information from the Internet and social media sites, as well as lack of knowledge about evidence-based dietary recommendations. Understanding attitudes towards protein is important for developing effective educational interventions, which may ultimately improve the health of U.S. adults. The objective of this study was to develop a questionnaire to evaluate college students’ attitudes and knowledge towards dietary protein. Methods: The questionnaire had 64 questions, including 8 demographic, 24 knowledge, 14 attitude, and 18 behavior questions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a principal axis factoring and promax rotation was used to explore the attitude constructs’ dimensionality. Nutrition students’ knowledge responses were compared to non-nutrition students’ responses to assess the knowledge validity. Results: Four hundred seventy participants (87.3% female) provided responses for attitude questions. Fifty-five nutrition and 51 non-nutrition students provided responses for the knowledge questions. Three factors were retained: animal versus plant protein sources relationship with human and environmental health (Factor 1); organic protein sources (Factor 2); and protein RDA adequacy for weight loss and vegetarian diets (Factor 3). Mean knowledge responses were 66.4 + 11.5% and 47.6 + 16.4% for nutrition and non-nutrition students, respectively (t-test p-value for difference < 0.001). Conclusions: Protein attitudes appear multidimensional and correlated. Further testing is needed to confirm the three-factor model and to estimate test-retest reliability.

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Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts Scale

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.7234 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (11) ◽

pp. 1801-1813

Author(s):

Wenjing Guo ◽

Zhe Lin ◽

Nian Cheng ◽

Xiangping Liu

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Internal Consistency ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

English Language ◽

Factor Model ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Interpersonal Process ◽

Chinese College Students ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Capitalization is an interpersonal process where one shares personal positive events with others and receives benefits beyond that event's effect. The response a capitalizer perceives from the recipient determines the success of this process. The Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts Scale (PRCAS) is an English-language measure used to assess a capitalizer's perception of a recipient's responses. We tested the factor structure, internal consistency reliability, and concurrent validity of the Chinese version of the PRCAS with a sample of 1,213 Chinese college students. Factor analyses replicated the 4-factor model of active–constructive response, passive–constructive response, active–destructive response, and passive–destructive response. All subscales possessed satisfactory internal consistency and evidence for concurrent validity with measures of feeling, flourishing, self-esteem, and mental health symptoms. We also assessed the test–retest stability of the PRCAS with a separate sample of 119 Chinese college students, and found that the subscales possessed low test–retest reliability. Therefore, the Chinese PRCAS possessed acceptable psychometric properties.

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Chinese version of the Precursors to Boredom Scales: Evaluation and psychometric properties

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.10577 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (9) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Jian Chen ◽

Lihua Zhou ◽

Liqiong Liu

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Academic Achievement ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Low Income ◽

Factor Model ◽

Internal Consistency Reliability ◽

Model Fit ◽

Chinese College Students ◽

Self Regulated Learning ◽

Acceptable Internal Consistency

We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Chinese Precursors to Boredom Scales (C-PBS) with a sample of Chinese college students. The results show that the C-PBS had acceptable internal consistency reliability and criterion validity, and that the eight-factor model fit the data well. We also investigated the characteristics of precursors to boredom in Chinese college students. Apart from one factor (being underchallenged), all precursors were significantly and negatively correlated with students' self-efficacy for self-regulated learning, and with academic achievement. It is notable that low-income (vs. high-income) students who were bored during mathematics classes felt less monotomy, lack of meaning, and oppurtunity costs. The C-PBS is, thus, a relevant instrument for the investigation of precursors to boredom in Chinese college students.

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An Exploratory Study of Differences in Nutrition vs. Non-Nutrition College Students' Attitudes Towards Dietary Protein

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa043_001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 150-150

Author(s):

Parker Ackerman ◽

Cynthia Warren ◽

Derek Miketinas

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

P Value ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Plant Protein Sources ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

Strongly Agree

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore differences among nutrition and non-nutrition college students’ attitudes towards dietary protein consumption using the Dietary Protein Assessment Questionnaire (DPAQ). Preliminary evidence of the DPAQ demonstrated construct validity and internal consistency. Three factors were retained; factor 1 related to animal versus plant protein sources and their relationship with human and environmental health, factor 2 related to the health of organic protein sources, and factor 3 related to the adequacy of the protein RDA for weight loss and vegetarian diets. Methods The mean attitude factor scores (factor 1, 2, and 3) were calculated for nutrition and non-nutrition students. The attitude questions included a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly agree ” to “strongly disagree.” The questionnaire responses were then compared between nutrition and non-nutrition college students using the Mann-Whitney U Test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Scores differed significantly between nutrition and non-nutrition students for factor 2 (n = 57, median = 5, IQR = 4–6 vs. n = 53, median = 4, IQR = 3–6). There were no significant differences in attitude scores between groups for factor 1 or factor 3. Conclusions Nutrition students reported more positive attitudes towards conventional protein sources. Nutrition students were more likely to disagree that organic protein sources were healthier than conventional protein sources. Further testing is needed to increase generalizability of these results in order to create effective educational interventions for college students. Funding Sources None.

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