Traditional Horticulture Practices Increase the Production of Selected Withanolides in Withania Somnifera (L.) Dunal—A RP-UFLC Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 899-906
Author(s):  
Gireesh M Ankad ◽  
Sandeep R Pai ◽  
Jagadishchandra Hiremath ◽  
Harsha V Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Multiple Comparison Test ◽  
Withanolide A

Abstract The study evaluates the effect of two traditional horticulture treatments mentioned in Vrikshayurveda, a text from ancient India on the science of plant life, namely Kunapa jala (KJ) and Pancha gavya (PG) on the production of Withaferin A (WFA), withanolide A (WIA) and Withanolide B (WIB) in Withania somnifera (L) Dunal. Leaves and roots of W. somnifera were collected from different treated groups viz. control, KJ, PG, farmyard manure (FYM) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK). Reverse phase ultra-flow liquid chromatography (RP-UFLC) method was developed, validated for simultaneous detection of WFA, WIA and WIB. Statistical analysis of data was performed by ANOVA and tested for significance by the Dunnett multiple comparison test and data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Results revealed, leaves possessed highest WFA content and roots possessed highest content of WIA and WIB. PG treated leaves were observed highest WFA (18.29 mg/g) and roots were observed highest WIA (19.63 mg/g) and WIB (1.36 mg/g). Conclusively, RP-UFLC method for simultaneous detection of withanolides has been developed and validated to evaluate the effect of traditional horticulture treatments. It is concluded that the enhanced production of withanolides can be achieved by the application of PG when compared to NPK application.

A Validated and Densitometric HPTLC Method for the Quantification of Withaferin-A and Withanolide-A in Different Plant Parts of Two Morphotypes of Withania somnifera

2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Ajai P. Gupta ◽  
Pamita Bhandari ◽  
Raghbir C. Gupta ◽  
Bikram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Withanolide A ◽  
Hptlc Method

Synthesis, In-Vitro and In-Silico Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles with Root Extract of Withania somnifera for Antibacterial Activity via Binding of Penicillin-Binding Protein-4

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 1674-1687
Author(s):  
Isha Gaurav ◽  
Tanuja Singh ◽  
Abhimanyu Thakur ◽  
Gaurav Kumar ◽  
Parth Rathee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Withanolide A

Background: Metal Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used for various applications in biomedical sciences, including in drug delivery, and as therapeutic agents, but limited owing to their toxicity towards the healthy tissue. This warrants an alternative method, which can achieve the desired activity with much reduced or no toxicity. Being a biological product, Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) is environment friendly, besides being less toxic as compared to metal-based NPs. However, the exact mechanism of action of W. somnifera for its antibacterial activities has not been studied so far. Objective: To develop “silver nanoparticles with root extract of W. somnifera (AgNPs-REWS)” for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Furthermore, the analysis of their mechanism of action will be studied. Methods: Using the in-silico approach, the molecular docking study was performed to evaluate the possible antibacterial mechanism of W. somnifera phytochemicals such as Anaferine, Somniferine, Stigmasterol, Withaferin A, Withanolide- A, G, M, and Withanone by the inhibition of Penicillin- Binding Protein 4 (PBP4). Next, we utilized a bottom-up approach for the green synthesis of AgNPs- REWS, performed an in-detail phytochemical analysis, confirmed the AgNPs-REWS by SEM, UVvisible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, and HPLC. Eventually, we examined their antibacterial activity. Results: The result of molecular docking suggests that WS phytochemicals (Somniferine, Withaferin A, Withanolide A, Withanolide G, Withanolide M, and Withanone) possess the higher binding affinity toward the active site of PBP4 as compared to the Ampicillin (-6.39 kcal/mol) reference molecule. These phytochemicals predicted as potent inhibitors of PBP4. Next, as a proof-of-concept, AgNPs- REWS showed significant antibacterial effect as compared to crude, and control; against Xanthomonas and Ralstonia species. Conclusion: The in-silico and molecular docking analysis showed that active constituents of W. somnifera such as Somniferine, Withaferin A, Withanolide A, Withanolide G, Withanolide M, and Withanone possess inhibition potential for PBP4 and are responsible for the anti-bacterial property of W. somnifera extract. This study also establishes that AgNPs via the green synthesis with REWS showed enhanced antibacterial activity towards pathogenic bacteria.

Extraction Optimization for Phenolic- and Withanolide-Rich Fractions from Withania somnifera Roots: Identification and Quantification of Withaferin A, 12-Deoxywithastromonolide, and Withanolide A in Plant Materials and Marketed Formulations Using a Reversed-Phase HPLC–Photodiode Array Detection Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyanshu Kumar ◽  
Raghuraj Singh ◽  
Narendra Gajbhiye ◽  
Tushar Dhanani
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Withanolide A ◽  
Photodiode Array ◽  
Array Detection ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Abstract Background: Both the roots and leaves of Withania somnifera are products of commerce. They contain active compounds of therapeutic value and mostly different withanolides. Several pharmacological activities of W. somnifera have links to one or more withanolides. The presence of phenolic compounds in extracts could play a vital role in the reduction of blood glucose levels in diabetic subjects. Objective: The present study was carried out for the selection of a solvent to prepare extracts rich in phenolics, withaferin A (WA), 12-deoxywithastromonolide (12WD), and withanolide A (WDA). A simple, rapid HPLC method was also developed for the identification and quantification of WA, 12WD, and WDA. Methods: The extraction efficiency of aqueous alcoholic solvents including hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol were compared for three selected withanolides and total phenolic content. The contents of WA, 12WD, and WDA and total phenolics were determined in the extracts. The quality of nine formulations containing W. sominfera were also compared in terms of the content of WA, 12WD, and WDA and total phenolics. Results: The maximum extract yield and the total withanolide and phenolic content were obtained from aqueous alcoholic compositions at 50:50 (v/v), 70:30 (v/v), and 100:0 (v/v), respectively. In the case of organic solvents, chloroform and ethyl acetate yielded the highest concentrations of phenolics and three withanolides, respectively. The total phenolic content in formulations was in the range of 1.84–3.13%, and total withanolide content showed wide variability. Conclusions: The outcome of the present investigation could be utilized for the selection of extraction solvents to prepare W. somnifera–enriched extracts and their quality monitoring by using the developed and validated HPLC-Photodiode array detection method. Highlights: A process for preparation of phenolics and withanolides (withaferin A, 12-deoxywithastramonolide and withanolide A) enriched extracts of Withania somnifera. Simple and rapid HPLC method was also developed and validated as per the ICH guidelines for identification and quantification of three major withanolides. The developed HPLC method was applied to analyze the quality of extracts and marketed herbal products (mono, as well as poly constituents). Optimized extraction process could be utilized for upscaling process development in preparation of enriched extracts from Withania somnifera, crop improvement, bio-prospection studies and quality control.

scholarly journals Enhanced production of withaferin-A in shoot cultures of Withania somnifera (L) Dunal

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Mir ◽  
Jabeena Khazir ◽  
Khalid R. Hakeem ◽  
Sushma Koul ◽  
Don A. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Withaferin A ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Enhanced Production
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