scholarly journals Host Cell Deoxyribonucleic Acid Methylation Markers for the Detection of High-grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Anal Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon P van der Zee ◽  
Olivier Richel ◽  
Carel J M van Noesel ◽  
Putri W Novianti ◽  
Iuliana Ciocanea-Teodorescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
High Grade

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Anal Swab–Based Tests to Detect High-Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Dias Gonçalves Lima ◽  
Janine D Viset ◽  
Mariska M G Leeflang ◽  
Jacqueline Limpens ◽  
Jan M Prins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Dna Detection ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Anal Swab

Abstract Background The incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)–induced anal cancer is increasingly problematic among HIV-positive patients. Anal cancer is preceded by precursor lesions, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). AIN detection requires high-resolution anoscopy, a cumbersome and time-consuming procedure. We aggregated evidence on anal swab–based tests to detect AIN in HIV-positive patients. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for cross-sectional studies on AIN detection with anal cytology, HR-HPV DNA detection, HPV E6/E7 mRNA analysis, and P16INK4a and Ki-67 immunostaining. Summary estimates of sensitivity and specificity were calculated using bivariate logistic regression. Cytology was reported using the terms squamous intra-epithelial lesion (SIL) for AIN and high-grade SIL (HSIL) for high-grade AIN (HGAIN). Results We included 22 studies. Using cytology with a cutoff of any SIL to detect HGAIN, we detected a sensitivity of 82% (95% CI, 74%–87%) and specificity of 45% (95% CI, 44%–66%); with the cutoff of HSIL, the sensitivity was 44% (95% CI, 45%–67%) and the specificity was 79% (95% CI, 69%-87%). The sensitivity of HPV DNA to detect HGAIN was 91% (95% CI, 82%–95%) and the specificity was 27% (95% CI, 21%–33%). For MSM, the positive predictive value (PPV) of cytology with a cutoff of any SIL was 36% (95% CI, 23%–50%) and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 87% (95% CI, 78%–93%), whereas cytology with a cutoff of HSIL had a PPV of 62% (95% CI, 50%–73%) and an NPV of 78% (95% CI, 65%–87%). The PPV of HR-HPV DNA detection was 37% (95% CI, 20%–57%) and the NPV was 87% (95% CI, 79%–93%). Conclusions Given its sensitivity, cytology with a cutoff of any SIL could be considered as a triaging method, whereas cytology with a cutoff of HSIL had better specificity and could be used for quality assurance. HR-HPV DNA detection had poor specificity and PPV, making it unsuitable for triage.

Progression From Perianal High-Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Anal Cancer in HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 836-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Tinmouth ◽  
Valentina Peeva ◽  
Henok Amare ◽  
Sandra Blitz ◽  
Janet Raboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Positive Men

Is screening for anal cancer warranted in homosexual men?

Sexual Health ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan StC. Anderson ◽  
Claire Vajdic ◽  
Andrew E. Grulich
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Recurrence Rates

Some investigators have proposed screening homosexual men for anal cancer and its probable precursor, high grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Using widely accepted criteria for the introduction of screening programmes, this paper reviews the current evidence for screening for this condition in this high risk population and highlights areas where additional research is required. While it is accepted that the incidence of anal cancer is at least 20 times higher in homosexual men than the general population, the natural history of anal cancer and its precise relationship with AIN is not clearly understood. Anal intraepithelial neoplasia is a very highly prevalent disease among homosexual men, but little is known about what predicts progression to invasive disease. The screening tests, exfoliate cytology and high resolution anoscopy, have a sensitivity of between 45 and 70%. Treatment options for AIN are limited by morbidity and high recurrence rates and there are no randomised controlled trials studying the efficacy of therapeutic agents or surgery for high grade AIN, although immunotherapies show very early promise. Theoretically, early detection may lead to better treatment outcomes. Studies of the potential negative consequences of screening programmes on the homosexual population are needed. The currently available data does not support the implementation of a screening programme for AIN and anal cancer in homosexual men in Australia.

High Prevalence of High Grade Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in HIV-Infected Women Screened for Anal Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Y. Hou ◽  
David Smotkin ◽  
Robert Grossberg ◽  
Mark Suhrland ◽  
Rebecca Levine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
High Grade ◽  
High Prevalence

Trends in incidence and survival from anal cancer and incidence of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark

2022 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 102099
Author(s):  
Aivara Urbute ◽  
Christian Munk ◽  
Freja L. Sand ◽  
Federica Belmonte ◽  
Susanne K. Kjaer
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
High Grade

scholarly journals Triage of human papillomavirus infected women by methylation analysis in first-void urine

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Severien Van Keer ◽  
Annina P. van Splunter ◽  
Jade Pattyn ◽  
Annemie De Smet ◽  
Sereina A. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Screening Attendance

AbstractHost cell DNA methylation analysis in urine provides promising triage markers for women diagnosed with a high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In this study, we have investigated a panel of six host cell methylation markers (GHSR, SST, ZIC1, ASCL1, LHX8, ST6GALNAC5) in cervicovaginal secretions collected within the first part of the urine void (FVU) from a referral population. Cytology, histology, and HPV DNA genotyping results on paired FVU and cervical samples were available. Urinary median methylation levels from HR-HPV (n = 93) positive women were found to increase for all markers with severity of underlying disease. Significantly elevated levels were observed for GHSR and LHX8 in relation to high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 +; n = 33), with area under de curve values of 0.80 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.59–0.92) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.58–0.89), respectively. These findings are the first to support the assertion that methylation analysis of host cell genes is feasible in FVU and holds promise as molecular, triage strategy to discern low- from high-grade cervical disease in HR-HPV positive women. Molecular testing on FVU may serve to increase cervical cancer screening attendance in hard-to-reach populations whilst reducing loss to follow-up and await further optimization and validation studies.

Vroegtijdige opsporing van voorstadia van een anaal carcinoom bij hiv-seropositieve patiënten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. GÖKCE ◽  
J. GELDOF ◽  
P. ROELANDT ◽  
J. VAN DORPE ◽  
S. CALLENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Early detection of precursor lesions of anal cancer in HIV-seropositive patients Although anal cancer is rare in the overall population, its incidence is increasing in the last decades. Especially HIV-seropositive patients have an increased risk of developing anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), mainly because of the high prevalence of high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) among these patients. High-grade AIN is a precursor lesion for anal SCC associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Despite the lack of direct evidence demonstrating that AIN identification reduces the risk of anal cancer, experts think that screening and treatment of high-risk patients will prevent the disease. This article aims to review the current literature about AIN and discusses the screening options, including digital rectal examination, anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy.

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