Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in plasma: statistical distributions, individual variations, and reference intervals.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1023-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Schiele ◽  
A M Guilmin ◽  
H Detienne ◽  
G Siest
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Preliminary Group

Abstract Measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in plasma provides a useful index to liver function. Using as our study population those persons coming to the Center for Preventive Medicine, we described and measured the significance and importance of physiological and environmental variations. We established a classification for the variation factors. The three most important factors affecting this activity were drug intake, alcohol consumption, and excessive weight, followed by sex and age. We suggest a preliminary group of reference intervals for healthy subjects to be used in interpreting a laboratory test.

Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase Activities in Plasma: Statistical Distributions, Individual Variations, and Reference Values

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Siest ◽  
Françoise Schiele ◽  
Marie-Madeleine Galteau ◽  
Edwige Panek ◽  
Josiane Steinmetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Physiological Variations ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Preliminary Group

Abstract The determination of frequency value (percentile limits) and the classification of the different variation factors allow us to define more and more homogeneous subpopulations as we use these factors for sorting. Using as our study population those persons coming to the Centre for Preventive Medicine, we were able to: (a) Describe and measure the significance and importance of physiological variations or of variations attributed to age—the latter largely related only to excessive weight, which it seems to us is often the case. (b) Establish a classification for variation factors; the recapitulatory table should be useful to clinical chemists in helping physicians interpret a laboratory test result that falls within the zone of incertitude. (c) Suggest a preliminary group of reference values for healthy subjects, to be used in interpreting a laboratory test in this way.

scholarly journals SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING PATIENT COMPLIANCE TO LONG-TERM THERAPIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
SHAKEEL AHMAD MIR
Keyword(s):  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Adherence Scale ◽  
Study Population

Objective: The aim is to study the effect of various sociodemographic factors on patient compliance in long-term therapies. Methods: This is a questionnaire-based study of 195 adult outdoor patients suffering from chronic illnesses and receiving long-term drug therapy. Various sociodemographic factors were noted in a validated questionnaire. Questions about drugs being taken were asked. The compliance was measured by General Medication Adherence Scale. Results: The study population consists of 51.3% of males and 48.7% of females. About 39.0% of participants were literate and 61.0% were illiterate. About 72.3% belonged to the rural area, 13.3% urban, and 14.4% to the main city. About 33.3% were self-employed or unemployed, 17.4% government employees, and 49.3% were private employees. About 20.0% belonged to high-income group, and 40.0% to middle- and 40.0% to low-income group. Statistically significant correlation was found between compliance and age, gender, area of residence, education, and marital status (p<0.05). Better compliance was observed in men, unmarried,middle-aged, literate, and urban populations. Conclusions: We conclude that some sociodemographic factors correlate with compliance to long-term therapies.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of the Factors Affecting Academic Achievement of Undergraduate Students A Case Study of Faculty of Arts and Science Kufrah -Benghazi University

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Muna H. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Family Learning ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Difference Test

This study examined the factors affecting the academic achievement of undergraduate students at the faculty of Arts and Science Kufrah -Benghazi University as a case study. This study seeks to identify and analyze some determining factors that influence students' academic achievement in the study area. Four factors namely: psychological, family, learning facilities, and economic; were considered. The sample was randomly selected from the study population. A questionnaire was administered to 240 (90 males,150 females) students as a sample of this study. The responses of the students were analyzed to meet the objectives of the study using (SPSS) and displayed in forms and tables. After collecting the required data on the variables of the study, they were encoded to be entered into the computer to extract the statistical results. Statistical methods within the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) were used to process data obtained by the field study of the sample. To analyze the data mean difference test is used. Results of arithmetic means of the psychological, family, learning facilities, and economic factors were medium. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant differences in the factors affecting academic achievement among the participants due to some demographic factors such as gender and marital status. following recommendations were made; provide proper learning facilities to the students and also improve the environment of the faculty. Furthermore, the students would perform well if they are properly guided by both their parents and teachers.

scholarly journals Financial Factors Affecting Earnings Management and Earnings Quality: New Evidence from an Emerging Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-216
Author(s):  
Isam Saleh ◽  
Malik Abu Afifa ◽  
Fadi Haniah
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Earnings Quality ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Study Population ◽  
New Evidence

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financial factors on earnings management and earnings quality. Moreover, the study examines the role of earnings management as a mediator in the effect of the financial factors on earnings quality. It provides some empirical evidences from an emerging market, especially from the Jordanian market. The study uses a panel data analysis method over a ten-year period (2009-2018). The study population includes all Jordanian insurance companies listed in Jordanian market at the end of the year 2019, and the study sample consists of 20 Jordanian insurance companies (a complete population), giving a total of 200 observations for each variable. The results indicate that all financial factors in the model combined affect the earnings management and earnings quality. In addition, earnings management negatively affects earnings quality, and earnings management fully mediates the effect of financial factors on earnings quality. The study advises that policy makers ought to follow good legislation to curb the company's earnings management activities. Hence, the policy makers need to apply regulations which enrich the company’s effectiveness and efficiency whilst protecting the investors and other interested parties from risk.

scholarly journals Infant and Child MRI: A Review of Scanning Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Copeland ◽  
Eero Silver ◽  
Riikka Korja ◽  
Satu J. Lehtola ◽  
Harri Merisaari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Scanning Procedure ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a safe method to examine human brain. However, a typical MR scan is very sensitive to motion, and it requires the subject to lie still during the acquisition, which is a major challenge for pediatric scans. Consequently, in a clinical setting, sedation or general anesthesia is often used. In the research setting including healthy subjects anesthetics are not recommended for ethical reasons and potential longer-term harm. Here we review the methods used to prepare a child for an MRI scan, but also on the techniques and tools used during the scanning to enable a successful scan. Additionally, we critically evaluate how studies have reported the scanning procedure and success of scanning. We searched articles based on special subject headings from PubMed and identified 86 studies using brain MRI in healthy subjects between 0 and 6 years of age. Scan preparations expectedly depended on subject’s age; infants and young children were scanned asleep after feeding and swaddling and older children were scanned awake. Comparing the efficiency of different procedures was difficult because of the heterogeneous reporting of the used methods and the success rates. Based on this review, we recommend more detailed reporting of scanning procedure to help find out which are the factors affecting the success of scanning. In the long term, this could help the research field to get high quality data, but also the clinical field to reduce the use of anesthetics. Finally, we introduce the protocol used in scanning 2 to 5-week-old infants in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, and tips for calming neonates during the scans.

scholarly journals Establishment of variation source and age-related reference interval models for 22 common biochemical analytes in older people using real-world big data mining

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062-1070
Author(s):  
Chaochao Ma ◽  
Liangyu Xia ◽  
Xinqi Chen ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Yicong Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Older People ◽  
Real World ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Status ◽  
Source Models

Abstract Background the ageing population has increased in many countries, including China. However, reference intervals (RIs) for older people are rarely established because of difficulties in selecting reference individuals. Here, we aimed to analyse the factors affecting biochemical analytes and establish RI and age-related RI models for biochemical analytes through mining real-world big data. Methods data for 97,220 individuals downloaded from electronic health records were included. Three derived databases were established. The first database included 97,220 individuals and was used to build age-related RI models after identifying outliers by the Tukey method. The second database consisted of older people and was used to establish variation source models and RIs for biochemical analytes. Differences between older and younger people were compared using the third database. Results sex was the main source of variation of biochemical analytes for older people in the variation source models. The distributions of creatinine and uric acid were significantly different in the RIs of biochemical analytes for older people established according to sex. Age-related RI models for biochemical analytes that were most affected by age were built and visualized, revealing various patterns of changes from the younger to older people. Conclusion the study analysed the factors affecting biochemical analytes in older people. Moreover, RI and age-related RI models of biochemical analytes for older people were established to provide important insight into biological processes and to assist clinical use of various biochemical analytes to monitor the status of various diseases for older people.

Verification of the reference intervals proposed by Abbott on Alinity CI in a population of healthy subjects from Liege, Belgium

2019 ◽  
Vol 493 ◽  
pp. S13
Author(s):  
C. Bertholet ◽  
M. Lamtiri Laarif ◽  
L. Vranken ◽  
R. Gadisseur ◽  
S. Delcour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Reference Intervals

Plasma Levels of Imipramine and Desmethylimipramine during Therapy

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (495) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Moody ◽  
A. C. Tait ◽  
A. Todrick
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Site Of Action

Individual variations in drug metabolism are important factors affecting both toxicity and clinical effectiveness (Brodie, 1964; Kalow, 1965; Price Evans, 1965). In most cases the best available index of the drug concentration at the site of action is the plasma level. An estimate of this will show whether the optimal concentration is present and in some cases may indicate whether new symptoms can be attributed to toxic side reactions.

Studies on Reference Intervals for Platelet Counts in Three Cities in China and one in Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (07) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changgeng Ruan ◽  
Yun Wu ◽  
Tokuhiro Okada ◽  
Shigemi Motoi ◽  
Tamiaki Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Mean Platelet Volume ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Platelet Volume ◽  
Platelet Counts

SummaryHematological parameters including platelet counts, etc. were determined in 1,140 healthy subjects living in four cities: Suzhou (Jiangsu Province), Chengdu (Sichuan Province) and Harbin (Heilongjang Province) in China, and Kobe in Japan. Then, the reference intervals for platelet counts were calculated and compared. The reference interval for platelet count of subjects aged between 18 and 60 years was 60-259 × 109/L in Suzhou and 52–202 × 109/L in Chengdu, and subjects with platelet counts of 100 × 109/L or less accounted for about 30% of the subjects examined in these cities. The reference intervals in Harbin and Kobe were within the range of 150–350 × 109/L, and no subject having a platelets count of 100 × 109/L or less was detected. Mean platelet volume (MPV) determined concurrently was negatively correlated with platelet count, and the reference intervals for MPV in Chengdu and Suzhou were higher than those in Harbin and Kobe.

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