Criteria for essential fatty acid deficiency in plasma as assessed by capillary column gas-liquid chromatography.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1869-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Siguel ◽  
K M Chee ◽  
J X Gong ◽  
E J Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Capillary Column ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Mead Acid ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Abstract To develop criteria for deficiency of essential fatty acids (EFA), we used capillary-column gas-liquid chromatography to determine fatty acids (percentage of total fatty acids) in plasma obtained in the fasting state from 56 reference subjects and from 10 patients with intestinal fat malabsorption and suspected EFA deficiency. Fatty acid evaluations (percentage of total fatty acids) that allowed for a clear distinction (P less than 0.01) between reference subjects and patients, based on values two standard deviations below or above the reference mean, included values for linoleic acid (18:2w6) below 27%, and values for palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1w7), oleic acid (18:1w9), vaccenic acid (18:1w7), and Mead acid (20:3w9) exceeding 21%, 2.6%, 23.3%, 2.1%, and 0.21%, respectively. Ratios of total EFA to total non-EFA of less than 0.60 and of Mead acid to arachidonic acid of greater than 0.025 also served to identify patients, and were not found in reference subjects. Significant inverse correlations between percentages of plasma EFA and plasma mono-unsaturated fatty acids were noted. Our reference-interval data can be used to assess normality of plasma EFA status.

Fatty acid composition of sow's colostrum, milk and body fat as determined by gas-liquid chromatography

1963 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. deMan ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
The Mean

SummaryAs determined by gas-liquid chromatography, the mean fatty acid composition (weight percentages of total fatty acids) of milk fat from sows fed a diet to meet U.S. N.R.C. nutrient requirements was: oleic, 35·3; palmitic, 30·3; linoleic, 13·0; palmitoleic, 9·9; stearic, 4·0; myristic, 3·3; linolenic, 2·5; unidentified 0·7 and 0·5, presumably n-odd chain and branched fatty acids; lauric, 0·3; and capric, 0·2. The corresponding fatty acid composition of colostrum fat was: oleic, 41·7; palmitic, 22·5; linoleic, 20·9; palmitoleic, 5·0; stearic, 5·7; myristic, 1·4; linolenic, 2·4; and unidentified acids, 0·3 and 0·1. Dietary fat increased fat levels in the milk and influenced fatty acid composition of the milk fat. Backfat resembled colostrum fat more than milk fat.

scholarly journals The Changes in the Lipid Composition of Mung Bean Seeds as Affected by Processing Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
El-Sayed Ali Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Fawzy A El-Fishawy ◽  
Mohamed A El-Geddawy ◽  
Tomas Kurz ◽  
Mohamed N El-Rify
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Lipid Fractions ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Tlc Analysis

This study was conducted to assess in detail the possible effects of some technological processes such as soaking, germination, cooking, soaking + cooking, and germination + cooking on the lipid composition of mung bean seeds of Giza 1 variety. TLC analysis of mung bean lipids showed that the phospholipids and triglycerides recorded the highest percentage among lipid fractions (32.26 and 30.10%), while the 1,3 diglycerides constituted the least percentage (2.80%) in mung bean seeds. The soaking, germination and cooking processes caused a decrease in the phospholipids, triglycerides and hydrocarbons accompanied with an increase in monoglycerides, 1,2-(2,3)-diglycerides, sterols and free fatty acids. Eleven fractions were separated from phospholipids class of the studied samples; seven of these fractions were identified. The major component of phospholipids was phosphatidyl choline, amounting to 21.30, 17.84, 16.21, 13.87, 13.20 and 11.47% of the total phospholipids in raw, soaked, germinated, raw-cooked, soaked-cooked and germinated-cooked mung bean seeds, respectively. Gas liquid chromatography of the total lipids of mung bean seeds showed that the unsaturated fatty acids represented 69.58, 64.35, 63.3, 63.16, 61.84 and 61.12%, while the levels of saturated fatty acids were low being 30.37, 34.05, 35.66, 34.64, 37.93 and 38.75% of the total fatty acids in raw, soaked, germinated, raw-cooked, soaked-cooked and germinated-cooked, respectively. The total essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic) represented the highest proportion of fatty acids (50.10% of the total fatty acids).

scholarly journals Study on fatty acid composition and physico-chemical properties of Nyctanthes arbortristis root

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Shahjahan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Society ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Crude Fibre

Fatty acid composition of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn root extracted successively  with light petroleum ether (40-600C bp.)- n-hexane and chloroform were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Twenty one fatty acids were identified in the Seuli root. The major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are palmitic acid (C16:0, 13.97%) and oleic acid (C18:1, 28.43%). Physio-chemical characteristics, such as iodine value, moisture, ash, lignin and crude fibre of the Seuli root were also determined.   Keywords: Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn; Seuli; root; fatty acid composition; gas liquid chromatography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v24i2.9709 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 24(2), 202-208, 2011

scholarly journals The Fatty Acid Composition and Properties of Oil Extracted from Seeds of Carum roxburghianum Benth. (Radhuni)

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
BK Paul ◽  
MN Ahmed ◽  
GC Saha
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Physico Chemical

Carum roxburghianum Benth. (Radhuni) seeds of three different places of Bangladesh were investigated to determine the fatty acid composition and physico-chemical properties of extracted oil. The seeds were found to contain oil ranging from 15.31 to 20.32%. The percentage compositions of fatty acids were identified and quantified by Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC). The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in extracts were 4.95 to 6.27% and 93.73 to 94.89%, respectively. Among six fatty acids identified in this study, oleic acid contributed the highest portion (76.44 to 79.16%), whereas, linoleic (1.38%), linolenic (15.28 - 15.40%), stearic (0.70%), palmitic (4.95 - 5.57%) and ecosenoic acid (0.51 - 15.73%) together contributed the rest. Physico-chemical properties of the oil extracted were also investigated. The specific gravity, refractive index, optical rotation were recorded as 0.903 to 0.918 at 30°C, 1.465 to 1.470 at 30°C and +8.54° to +9.56° at 26°C, respectively. The chemical properties like saponification value (183.52 - 193.45), iodine value (80.99 - 120.90), peroxide value (23.25 - 36.16), acid value (143.84 - 162.99), ester value (48.12 - 62.03), percentage of unsaponifiable matter (3.56 - 6.51%), Reicher-Meissel value (2.00 - 3.12), Polenske value (4.12 - 6.20) and Henher value (85.12 - 95.56) were determined. Overall Radhuni seeds oil can be considered as a good source of oleic acid. Keywords: Carum roxburghianum; Radhuni seed oil; fatty acid composition; oleic acid; Gas Liquid Chromatography. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.8113 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 111-116, 2011

scholarly journals A non-canonical Δ9-desaturase synthesizing palmitoleic acid identified in the thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. T66

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E-Ming Rau ◽  
Inga Marie Aasen ◽  
Helga Ertesvåg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Palmitoleic Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gene Annotation ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Strain Engineering ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Δ12 Desaturase

Abstract Thraustochytrids are oleaginous marine eukaryotic microbes currently used to produce the essential omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). To improve the production of this essential fatty acid by strain engineering, it is important to deeply understand how thraustochytrids synthesize fatty acids. While DHA is synthesized by a dedicated enzyme complex, other fatty acids are probably synthesized by the fatty acid synthase, followed by desaturases and elongases. Which unsaturated fatty acids are produced differs between different thraustochytrid genera and species; for example, Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, but not Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21, synthesizes palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7). How strain T66 can produce these fatty acids has not been known, because BLAST analyses suggest that strain T66 does not encode any Δ9-desaturase-like enzyme. However, it does encode one Δ12-desaturase-like enzyme. In this study, the latter enzyme was expressed in A. limacinum SR21, and both C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-7 could be detected in the transgenic cells. Our results show that this desaturase, annotated T66Des9, is a Δ9-desaturase accepting C16:0 as a substrate. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the corresponding gene probably has evolved from a Δ12-desaturase-encoding gene. This possibility has not been reported earlier and is important to consider when one tries to deduce the potential a given organism has for producing unsaturated fatty acids based on its genome sequence alone. Key points • In thraustochytrids, automatic gene annotation does not always explain the fatty acids produced. • T66Des9 is shown to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7). • T66des9 has probably evolved from Δ12-desaturase-encoding genes.

Ozonolysis of unsaturated fatty acids. II. Esterification of the total products from the oxidative decomposition of ozonides with 2,2-dimethoxypropane

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (13) ◽  
pp. 1405-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Castell ◽  
R. G. Ackman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Positional Isomers ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Hydrogen Flame

The total acidic products from the performic acid oxidation of the ozonide of methyl oleate formed in methanol may be esterified directly in a few hours with 2,2-dimethoxypropane. The ester concentrations are adequate for the determination of the positional isomers of monoethylenic fatty acids directly from the reaction mixture, using a hydrogen flame ionization gas–liquid chromatography detector. Dimethyl sulfoxide was not required to prevent the breakdown of 2,2-dimethoxypropane under the conditions employed.

STEROL AND FATTY ACID COMPONENTS OF MYCELIUM OF FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1351-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Starratt ◽  
C. Madhosingh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ergosterol Peroxide ◽  
Oleic And Linoleic Acids

A chloroform extract of the mycelium of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. em. Sny. et Hans, was analyzed for sterols; three major components were identified as ergosterol, ergosterol peroxide, and cerevisterol. The ratio of ergosterol to ergosterol peroxide formed was variable. Palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids were identified by gas–liquid chromatography as the principal fatty acids of this organism.Fusaric acid, a phytotoxin previously obtained by other investigators from a number of forms of F. oxysporum, was isolated from the culture medium.

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