One-step protocol for assays of total and direct bilirubin with stable combined reagents.

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Fossati ◽  
M Ponti ◽  
L Prencipe ◽  
G Tarenghi
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Azo Compound ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Working Solution ◽  
One Step

Abstract We describe an improved colorimetric method for assays of total and direct bilirubin in serum. Bilirubin reacts with diazotized sulfanilic acid in an acidic medium to form a blue azopigment. Total bilirubin is assayed in the presence of reaction accelerators (caffeine, urea, and citric acid), direct bilirubin in their absence. The azo compound so formed is read at the same wavelength (570 nm) in both assays. A sample blank is run in parallel. Standard curves are linear for total and direct bilirubin concentrations up to 513.0 and 256.5 mumol/L, respectively. The method is characterized by (a) use of the same protocol for both assays, i.e., a one-step procedure with short reaction time (5 min at room temperature), and (b) use of a single working solution, which, refrigerated, is stable for one month. The method is reliable, yields results that compare closely with those of the classical Jendrassik--Gróf method, is suitable for routine use, and lends itself to automation.

scholarly journals Correlation between Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia and Serum Magnesium and Copper Levels in Dhaka City

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain ◽  
Md. Ekramul Islam ◽  
Ashik Mosaddik ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Md. Nazmul Huda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Acid Reaction

Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a condition when a newborn has an excessive amount of bilirubin in the blood and is one of the most prevalent problems in   neonates. Many studies reported that copper and magnesium play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Objectives: The aim of this study is to find out the correlation between the level of magnesium and copper with hyperbilirubinemia. Methodology: Serum bilirubin was assayed with colorimetric method by the use of diazotized sulfanilic acid reaction. A photometric automated method was used to determine the levels of magnesium and copper in the serum of neonates in both controls group (162) and cases group (220). Results: In the present study a significantly higher levels of Mg was found in hyperbilirubinemia of newborn infants when compared with control groups (23.67 ±2.33 mg/L versus 19.74 ±2.18 mg/L respectively and p value <0.001 which was significant) and correlation between hyperbilirubinemia and magnesium also significant (p value <0.001). Copper levels was significantly higher in hyperbilirubinemia of newborn infants (0.74 ±0.08 mg/L) compared with control groups (0.41 ±0.12 mg/L), where p value was <0.001, which was significant and correlation between hyperbilirubinemia and copper also significant (p value <0.001). Conclusion: It can be concluded that current study showed the concentrations of magnesium and copper levels were found to be significantly greater than control groups and may have a correlation with neonatal jaundice.

Room-Temperature Hydrogen-Gas Sensor Based on Carbon Nanotube Yarn

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 4011-4014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeum Han ◽  
Jae Keon Kim ◽  
Junyeop Lee ◽  
Hee Kyung An ◽  
Jong Pil Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
One Step ◽  
Cnt Arrays ◽  
Removal Of Impurities ◽  
Yarn Surface ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

The proposed study describes the development of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based gas sensor capable of detecting the presence of hydrogen (H2) gas at room temperature. CNT yarn used in the proposed sensor was fabricated from synthesized CNT arrays. Subsequently, the yarn was treated by means of a simple one-step procedure, called acid treatment, to facilitate removal of impurities from the yarn surface and forming functional species. To verify the proposed sensor’s effectiveness with regard to detection of H2 gas at room temperature, acid-treated CNT and pure yarns were fabricated and tested under identical conditions. Corresponding results demonstrate that compared to the untreated CNT yarn, the acid-treated CNT yarn exhibits higher sensitivity to the presence of H2 gas at room temperature. Additionally, the acid-treated CNT yarn was observed to demonstrate excellent selectivity pertaining to H2 gas.

In Vitro Effects of Light on Serum Bilirubin Subfractions Measured by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Comparison with Four Routine Methods

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2124-2129 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ihara ◽  
H Nakamura ◽  
Y Aoki ◽  
T Aoki ◽  
M Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Abstract The effects of light on serum bilirubin subfractions in vitro were investigated by HPLC and four routine methods for bilirubin analysis. By HPLC, the rate of photodegradation of unconjugated bilirubin (Bu) was nearly twice that of monoconjugated bilirubin (mBc) and threefold that of diconjugated bilirubin (dBc); delta bilirubin (Bd) was most stable against photoirradiation. In the diazo method, the rate of photodegradation of direct bilirubin was almost the same as that of the sum of mBc, dBc, and Bd determined by the HPLC method. However, the rate of photodegradation of indirect bilirubin was significantly lower (P &lt; 0.001) than that obtained by HPLC, because approximately 30% of the bilirubin photoproducts reacted with the diazo reagent as indirect bilirubin. The rate of photodegradation of total bilirubin determined by the direct spectrometric method was lower than that determined by the diazo method, but equal to that of the total peak areas of HPLC. In the Ektachem method, bilirubin photoproducts affected total bilirubin negligibly, and Bc and Bu positively, so that the value of Bd decreased. In the bilirubin oxidase method, bilirubin photoproducts were oxidized enzymatically by both the total and direct bilirubin reagents. We re-emphasize the importance of shielding serum from light to avoid generating bilirubin photoproducts that interfere with the accurate determination of serum bilirubin subfractions. We also recommend HPLC analysis as a standard method for bilirubin measurement.

scholarly journals Baseline Serum Bilirubin and Risk of First Stroke in Hypertensive Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Wang ◽  
Xianglin Zhang ◽  
Zhuxian Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Jingping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Total Bilirubin ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background Data on the association between serum bilirubin and the risk of stroke are limited and inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum bilirubin and the risk of first stroke and to examine any possible effect modifiers in hypertensive patients. Methods and Results Our study was a post hoc analysis of the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial). A total of 19 906 hypertensive patients were included in the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the risk of first stroke associated with serum bilirubin levels. The median follow‐up period was 4.5 years. When serum total bilirubin was assessed as tertiles, the adjusted HR of first ischemic stroke for participants in tertile 3 (12.9–34.1 μmol/L) was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.59–0.96), compared with participants in tertile 1 (<9.3 μmol/L). When direct bilirubin was assessed as tertiles, a significantly lower risk of first ischemic stroke was also found in participants in tertile 3 (2.5–24.8 μmol/L) (adjusted HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60–0.98), compared with those in tertile 1 (<1.6 μmol/L). However, there was no significant association between serum total bilirubin (tertile 3 versus 1: adjusted HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.89–2.35) or direct bilirubin (tertile 3 versus 1: adjusted HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.76–2.11) and first hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions In this sample of Chinese hypertensive patients, there was a significant inverse association between serum total bilirubin or direct bilirubin and the risk of first ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Catalytic β-Bromohydroxylation of Natural Terpenes: Useful Intermediates for the Synthesis of Terpenic Epoxides

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadia Oubaassine ◽  
Angela Köckritz ◽  
Reinhard Eckelt ◽  
Andreas Martin ◽  
Mustapha Ait Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
One Step

In a one-step procedure, various β-bromoalcohols were synthesized from natural terpenes in good to excellent yields. Using different catalysts, the reaction was carried out at room temperature, with H2O as nucleophile and N-bromosuccinimide as a bromine source under mild reaction conditions. The synthesized β-bromoalcohols were subsequently converted in situ to the corresponding epoxides in good yields.

Serum Bilirubin Levels and the Presence and Progression of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Angiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ertan Vuruşkan ◽  
Erhan Saraçoğlu ◽  
İrfan Veysel Düzen
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Bilirubin Level ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

The relationship between bilirubin levels and peripheral artery disease has been documented. Our aim was to demonstrate the possible relationship between serum bilirubin levels and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). The study included 219 patients, 110 had a previous diagnosis of AAA and 109 patients were normal controls. Only patients with AAAs which had a size of 40 to 54 mm were included in the study. Baseline laboratory values and 2 computerized tomographic measurements 12 months apart were recorded. Patients with AAA had significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) counts and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) but lower total and direct bilirubin levels compared with the control patients ( P < .05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that WBC, NLR, and total and direct bilirubin levels were independent predictors of the presence of an AAA ( P = .03, P = .001, P = .001, and P = .001, respectively). White blood cells and total bilirubin level were independent predictors of a rapidly enlarging AAA (>10 mm/y, P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). This study demonstrated that increased WBC and decreased total bilirubin levels were independent predictors of an AAA, especially the subgroup in which the AAA was rapidly expanding.

scholarly journals Tailoring the Size and Shape—New Path for Ammonium Metavanadate Synthesis

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3446
Author(s):  
Marta Prześniak-Welenc ◽  
Małgorzata Nadolska ◽  
Barbara Kościelska ◽  
Kamila Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Ammonium Metavanadate ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
One Step ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Ammonium metavanadate, NH4VO3, plays an important role in the preparation of vanadium oxides and other ammonium compounds, such as NH4V3O8, (NH4)2V3O8, and NH4V4O10, which were found to possess interesting electrochemical properties. In this work, a new route for the synthesis of NH4VO3 is proposed by mixing an organic ammonium salt and V2O5 in a suitable solvent. The one-step procedure is carried out at room temperature. Additionally, the need for pH control and use of oxidants necessary in known methods is eliminated. The mechanism of the NH4VO3 formation is explained. It is presented that it is possible to tailor the morphology and size of the obtained NH4VO3 crystals, depending on the combination of reagents. Nano- and microcrystals of NH4VO3 are obtained and used as precursors in the hydrothermal synthesis of higher ammonium vanadates. It is proven that the size of the precursor particles can significantly affect the physical and chemical properties of the resulting products.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Bilirubin with Stroke Severity and Clinical Outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Xu ◽  
Jintao Zhang ◽  
Tan Xu ◽  
Wenqing Liu ◽  
Yan Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Stroke Severity ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Objective:The aim of the study is to explore the association of serum bilirubin levels with admission severity and short term clinical outcomes among acute ischemic stroke patients.Methods:Data were collected from 2361 acute ischemic stroke patients in four hospitals of Shangdong Province during January 2006 and December 2008. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess admission and discharge severity. NIHSS≥10 at discharge or in-hospital death was defined as short-term clinical outcomes. Logistic regression and trend test were used to examine the association of serum bilirubin levels with admission severity and short term clinical outcomes.Results:Serum bilirubin levels were significantly and positively associated with admission severity (P for trend <0.05). The age-sex adjusted odds ratios (95% confidential intervals) of NIHSS≥10 associated with the second, third and fourth quartile of total bilirubin/direct bilirubin were 1.245 (0.873, 1.777)/1.276 (0.895, 1.818), 1.484 (1.048, 2.102)/1.628 (1.158, 2.289) and 2.869 (2.076, 3.966)/2.765 (1.996, 3.828), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile; the multivariate adjusted odds ratios of NIHSS≥10 associated with the second, third and fourth quartile of total bilirubin/direct bilirubin were 1.088(0.711, 1.665)/1.436(0.94, 2.193), 1.328(0.877, 2.011)/1.647(1.092, 2.485) and 2.336(1.579, 3.458)/3.079 (2.049, 4.623), respectively, compared with the lowest quartile. However, no association between serum bilirubin levels and short-term clinical outcomes was observed in our study.Conclusion:Serum bilirubin levels were associated with initial stroke severity closely. Nevertheless, there is no significant relationship between serum bilirubin levels and short-term clinical outcomes among acute ischemic stroke patients.

scholarly journals Sex-wise changes in haematological and biochemical parameters before and after exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 3704
Author(s):  
Ishan Joshi ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Center

Background: Exchange transfusion (ET) is required in hyperbilirubinemic hospitalized neonates.Methods: The study center at SMS and associated hospitals. The blood bank is licensed and fully equipped. Fall in serum bilirubin minimum of 40 cases was required as the sample size of the present study.Results: The Sex ratio in the neonates undergoing Exchange transfusion was 65% (26) Males and 35% (14) females. The mean values of Hb (g/dl), Hematocrit and Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) of male and female before and after exchange transfusion, were non-significant.Conclusion: Exchange transfusion was required more commonly in male neonates.  The mean values of change in Hb (g/dl), Hematocrit and Direct bilirubin (mg/dl) of males and females before and after exchange transfusion, were non-significant. The mean values of change in Indirect bilirubin (mg/dl) in both males and females before and after exchange transfusion was highly significant.  The mean values of change in Total bilirubin (mg/dl) in males and in females were significant.

scholarly journals The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Free Thyroxine Levels in Correlation with Serum Bilirubin in Neonatal Jaundice

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Dwijayanti ◽  
MI. Diah Pramudianti ◽  
Dian Ariningrum
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
P Value ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indirect Bilirubin ◽  
Spearman Test

Congenital hypothyroidism is known to cause prolonged hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. It also correlates with delayedmaturation of the activity of the uridine diphosphate glucoronosyltransferase (UDPG-T) enzyme. Thus, this study wasperformed to analyze the correlation of TSH and FT4 levels with serum bilirubin in neonatal jaundice. This observationalanalytical study with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 64 neonatal patients with jaundice in Dr. MoewardiGeneral Hospital, Surakarta during September-November 2019. The data comparison and correlation were analyzed withMann-Whitney and the Spearman test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant with 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Thestudy variables comprised of total bilirubin of 12.7 (6.28-23.5) mg/dL, direct bilirubin of 0.8 (0.30-6.61) mg/dL, indirectbilirubin of 11.87 (3.16-22.94) mg/dL, TSH of 4.4 (0.40-23.06) uIU/L, and FT4 of 22.85±7.4 pmol/L. The TSH and FT4 weremoderately correlated with total bilirubin r=-0.444; p=0.001 and r= -0.467; p=0.001), with indirect bilirubin (r= -0.3362;p=0.03 and r=-0.411; p=0.001) and with direct bilirubin (r= -0.257; p=0.040 and r=0.232; p=0.065), respectively. A moderatecorrelation of TSH and FT4 with total and indirect bilirubin, as well as a weak correlation between TSH and direct bilirubinwere found, while no correlation was found between FT4 and with direct bilirubin. Thyroid function screening isrecommended in neonates with jaundice, due to the importance of thyroid hormones in the function and formation oforgans                    

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