Differentially Private Publication For Correlated Non-Numerical Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Huan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Correlated Data ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Intelligent Processing ◽  
Frequent Items ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Differential privacy has made a significant progress in numerical data preserving. Compared with numerical data, non-numerical data (e.g. entity object) are also widely applied in intelligent processing tasks. But non-numerical data may reveal more user’s privacy. Recently, researchers attempt to take advantage of the exponential mechanism of differential privacy to solve this challenge. Nonetheless, exponential mechanism has a drawback in correlated data protection, which can not achieve expected privacy degree. To remedy this issue, in this paper, an effective correlated non-numerical data release mechanism is proposed by defining the notion of Correlation-Indistinguishability and designing a correlated exponential mechanism to realize Correlation-Indistinguishability in practice. Inspired by the concept of indistinguishability, Correlation-Indistinguishability can guarantee the correlations of the probability distributions between the output distribution and original data the same to an adversary. In addition, we would rather let two Gaussian white samples pass through a designed filter, to realize the definition of Correlation-Indistinguishability, than using independent exponential variables. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that our mechanism outperforms current schemes in terms of security and utility for frequent items mining.

scholarly journals Special Issue on the Theory and Practice of Differential Privacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Gaboardi ◽  
Chris J. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Differential Privacy ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Definition Of

This special issue presents papers based on contributions to the first international workshop on the “Theory and Practice of Differential Privacy” (TPDP) held in London, UK, 18 April 2015, as part of the European joint conference on Theory And Practice of Software (ETAPS). Differential privacy is a mathematically rigorous definition of the privacy protection provided by a data release mechanism: it offers a strong guaranteed bound on what can be learned about a user as a result of participating in a differentially private data analysis. Researchers in differential privacy come from several areas of computer science, including algorithms, programming languages, security, databases and machine learning, as well as from several areas of statistics and data analysis. The workshop was intended to be an occasion for researchers from these different research areas to discuss the recent developments in the theory and practice of differential privacy. The program of the workshop included 10 contributed talks, 1 invited speaker and 1 joint invited speaker with the workshop “Hot Issues in Security Principles and Trust” (HotSpot 2016). Participants at the workshop were invited to submit papers to this special issue. Six papers were accepted, most of which directly reflect talks presented at the workshop

scholarly journals Note on osmotic pressure

1914 ◽  
Vol 90 (615) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Capillary Surface ◽  
Pure Solvent ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complete Account ◽  
Strict Definition

The vapour pressure theory regards osmotic pressure as the pressure required to produce equilibrium between the pure solvent and the solution. Pressure applied to a solution increases its internal vapour pressure. If the compressed solution be on one aide of a semi-permeable partition and the pure solvent on the other, there is osmotic equilibrium when the com-pression of the solution brings its vapour pressure to equality with that of the solvent. So long ago as 1894 Ramsay* found that with a partition of palladium, permeable to hydrogen but not to nitrogen, the hydrogen pressures on each side tended to equality, notwithstanding the presence of nitrogen under pressure on one side, which it might have been supposed would have resisted tin- transpiration of the hydrogen. The bearing of this experiment on the problem of osmotic pressure was recognised by van’t Hoff, who observes that "it is very instructive as regards the means by which osmotic pressure is produced." But it was not till 1908 that the vapour pressure theory of osmotic pressure was developed on a finu foundation by Calendar. He demonstrated, by the method of the "vapour sieve" piston, the proposition that “any two solutions in equilibrium through any kind of membrane or capillary surface must have the same vapour pressures in respect of each of their constituents which is capable of diffusing through their surface of separation"—a generalisation of great importance for the theory of solutions. Findlay, in his admirable monograph, gives a very complete account of the contending theories of osmotic pressure, a review of which leaves no doubt that at the present moment the vapour pressure theory stands without a serious rival Some confusion of ideas still arises from the want of adherence to a strict definition of osmotic pressure to which numerical data from experimental measurements should he reduced. Tire following definitions appear to be tire outcome of tire vapour pressure theory :— Definition I.—The vapour pressure of a solution is the pressure of the vapour with which it is in equilibrium when under pressure of its own vapour only.

Off-line classification of Polish vowel spectra using artificial neural networks

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Wiktor Jassem ◽  
Waldemar Grygiel
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Word List ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Probabilistic Neural Networks ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vowel Phoneme

The mid-frequencies and bandwidths of formants 1–5 were measured at targets, at plus 0.01 s and at minus 0.01 s off the targets of vowels in a 100-word list read by five male and five female speakers, for a total of 3390 10-variable spectrum specifications. Each of the six Polish vowel phonemes was represented approximately the same number of times. The 3390* 10 original-data matrix was processed by probabilistic neural networks to produce a classification of the spectra with respect to (a) vowel phoneme, (b) identity of the speaker, and (c) speaker gender. For (a) and (b), networks with added input information from another independent variable were also used, as well as matrices of the numerical data appropriately normalized. Mean scores for classification with respect to phonemes in a multi-speaker design in the testing sets were around 95%, and mean speaker-dependent scores for the phonemes varied between 86% and 100%, with two speakers scoring 100% correct. The individual voices were identified between 95% and 96% of the time, and classifications of the spectra for speaker gender were practically 100% correct.

A revision of the Anthaxia (Anthaxia) midas Kiesenwetter, 1857 species-group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Anthaxiini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4370 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
DANIELE BAIOCCHI ◽  
GIANLUCA MAGNANI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Unknown Male

The Anthaxia (Anthaxia) midas Kiesenwetter, 1857 species-group is defined and revised. A new species from Turkey, A. (A.) cebecii sp. nov., is described and compared to its most similar species. A. midas oberthuri Schaefer, 1938 is elevated to the rank of species, and a lectotype is designated. A. (A.) spathuligera Obenberger, 1924 and A. (A.) midas muelleri Obenberger, 1925 are reconfirmed synonyms of A. midas Kiesenwetter, 1857.All species of the new species-group are illustrated, including the hitherto unknown male of A. (A.) patsyae Baiocchi, 2008, all type specimens and original data labels. In addition to diagnostic characters, informations on the distribution, biology and taxonomic position of each species are also presented, together with a short definition of the new species-group, and a key to its species. 

scholarly journals Improvement of Accuracy of Control of Physical‑Mechanical Characteristics of Materials By Ultrasonic Pulse Method Due to Reduction of Measurement Error of Propagation Time of Elastic Waves

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Ya. Serikov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Pulse Method ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Ultrasonic Signal ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Propagation Time ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of

Ensuring the reliability of buildings, structures, analysis of their structural elements during reconstruction or major repair includes the task of determining the physical and mechanical characteristics of materials — strength, homogeneity, evaluation of structural heterogeneity, the presence of microcracks, etc. In solving this problem, an ultrasonic pulse method of non-destructive quality control is used. The basis of the method is the dependence of the parameters of ultrasonic oscillations, on these characteristics when they pass through the material. As the main parameter of the information ultrasonic signal, the time of its passage from the radiating to the receiving ultrasonic transducers is used. The amplitude of the information ultrasonic signal to a large extent depends on the structure of the investigated material, its acoustic resistance. At significant violations of the structure of the material there is a significant decrease in the amplitude of the information signal, which causes an increase in the error of measuring the time of its passage, and hence the definition of characteristics, quality of the investigated material. The article describes the developed method of increasing the accuracy of measuring the time of passage of the ultrasonic signal from the radiating to the receiving ultrasonic transducers. The essence of the technique is to use the mathematical modeling of the shape of the ultrasound signal, in particular the form of its so-called «first introduction».

scholarly journals EVALUACIÓN DE LOS RIESGOS DE AFECTACIÓN POR EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE GRANJAS ATUNERAS EN RELACIÓN CON LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DE CETÁCEOS EN EL GOLFO DULCE, COSTA RICA

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenin E. Oviedo Correa ◽  
Juan Diego Pacheco ◽  
David Herra Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Humpback Whales ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Incidental Capture ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Habitat Niche ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of

Este estudio trata sobre la distribución espacial de depredadores marinos topes, particularmente cetáceos odontocetos y misticetos migratorios. Se describe el riesgo potencial de afectación por el establecimiento de instalaciones asociadas con operaciones locales de maricultura: jaulas de engorde para atún. Por medio de un enfoque teórico y empírico se establece cuantitativamente como la profundidad máxima, un factor limitante en la distribución y definición del nicho ecológico de cetáceos, se solaparía en valores con el área propuesta para el establecimiento de las jaulas, lo que induciría dos escenarios probables de afectación: el desplazamiento de las poblaciones de depredadores de un hábitat-nicho de alimentación potencial y la interacción progresiva entre los depredadores con la fauna acompañante alrededor de las instalaciones de la operación de cultivo, lo anterior implicaría un riesgo perenne de captura incidental de dichos depredadores. Adicionalmente, la presencia de ballenas jorobadas durante la temporada de lluvia en zonas aledañas a Punta Banco, se asociaría a una ruta migratoria desde las zonas de alimentación en Sudamérica-Antártica, que pasaría por el área proyectada para el establecimiento de la operación de maricultura. Los resultados ilustran la necesidad de seguir un principio precautorio y promover la reubicación de proyecto de maricultura en áreas de menor valor en términos de biodiversidad marina.This contribution deals with the spatial distribution of marine top predators, particularly odontocete and migratory misticete cetaceans. The study describes the potential risk of disturbances due to the establishment of mariculture operations and corresponding infrastructure: tuna feed lots. Through a mixed theoretical and empirical approach, this research corroborates how the maximum depth, a limiting factor in the definition of cetacean trophic niches off the study area, overlaps with the values for depths from an area proposed as the focal location of a tuna feed lot facility. The latter implies two particular scenarios: the translocation of the local predator population from a potential foraging habitat-niche, and the progressive negative interaction between predators and the accompanying fish fauna around of the cages, with a high probability of incidental capture of those predators by entanglement. Additionally, the occurrence of humpback whales during the rainy season associated with a migratory route from feeding grounds off Chile-Antarctica, that would pass through the area projected to harbor the mariculture operation. The results illustrate the need of considering a precautionary approach and relocate mariculture projects to areas of lesser value in terms of marine biodiversity.

scholarly journals Differential Privacy for Statistics: What we Know and What we Want to Learn

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Dwork ◽  
Adam Smith
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Differential Privacy ◽  
Definition Of

We motivate and review the definition of differential privacy, survey some results on differentially private statistical estimators, and outline a research agenda. This survey is based on two presentations given by the authors at an NCHS/CDC sponsored workshop on data privacy in May 2008.

scholarly journals The first dinosaur egg remains a mystery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J. Legendre ◽  
David Rubilar-Rogers ◽  
Alexander O. Vargas ◽  
Julia A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Branch Length ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Phylogenetic Comparative Methods ◽  
Prismatic Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Dinosaur Eggs ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Continuous Character ◽  
Reptile Egg

AbstractA recent study by Norell et al. (2020) described new egg specimens for two dinosaur species, identified as the first soft-shelled dinosaur eggs. The authors used phylogenetic comparative methods to reconstruct eggshell type in a sample of reptiles, and identified the eggs of dinosaurs and archosaurs as ancestrally soft-shelled, with three independent acquisitions of a hard eggshell among dinosaurs. This result contradicts previous hypotheses of hard-shelled eggs as ancestral to archosaurs and dinosaurs. Here we estimate the ancestral condition for dinosaur and archosaur eggs by reanalyzing the original data from Norell et al. and that from a recent study on reptile eggshells (Legendre et al., 2020) with the addition of these new dinosaur specimens. We show that the recovery of dinosaur eggs as ancestrally soft-shelled is conditioned by the discretization of a continuous character (eggshell thickness), the exclusion of turtle outgroups from the original sample, and a lack of branch length information. When using a larger sample, calibrated trees, and a definition of hard-shelled eggs referencing their unique prismatic structure, we recover dinosaur and archosaur eggs as either hard-shelled or uncertain (i.e. equal probability for hard- and soft-shelled). This remaining ambiguity is due to uncertainty in the assessment of eggshell type in two dinosaur species, i.e. ∼1% of the total sample. We conclude that more reptile egg specimens and a strict comparative framework are necessary to decipher the evolution of dinosaur eggs in a phylogenetic context.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTICS OF THE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF THE ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taisiya Voronkova ◽  
◽  
Anastasiia Vovkodav ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Method Of Production ◽  
Definition Of

A market economy requires flexibility in the operation of industrial enterprises, prompt adjustment of the nature and directions of production processes. That is why, in modern business conditions, the importance of not only ensuring the efficiency of economic entities, but also the formation of their potential and prospects for further development. It is proved that some modern industrial enterprises are characterized by the inability to really assess the production potential, incomplete use of available resources, the latest technologies, and modern methods of production management. Production potential has been identified as having several specific characteristics: integrity, interchangeability, interconnection, flexibility, or adaptability. It is noted that the potential concentrates three levels of connections and relationships at the same time: reflects the past, characterizes the present in terms of practical application, future-oriented. Six main methods used in the estimation of production potential are investigated and characterized: economic-statistical, method of production functions, method of cost estimation, index, indicator, and matrix methods. The principles that must be followed when diagnosing the production potential of the enterprise are determined: the completeness of the original data and the universality of the information base; reliability and availability of collected data; the possibility of using two types of assessment of production potential: resource-productive and rating; use of the concept of potential in a certain direction; use of basic and additional indicators; availability of certain evaluation criteria for the main and additional indicators. It is substantiated that the interpretation of the definition of “production potential” is ambiguous, as well as the methods of its evaluation. It is noted that without the study of production potential is not possible strategic development and planning of other activities of the enterprise and the process of managing the production potential of an industrial enterprise is aimed at efficient use of all its resources in the long run.

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