scholarly journals Physiological Condition in Magellanic Penguins: Does it Matter if You Have to Walk a Long Way to Your Nest?

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-701
Author(s):  
Brian G. Walker ◽  
P. Dee Boersma ◽  
John C. Wingfield

Abstract Colony edges, as opposed to interiors, are often considered less advantageous nesting places in colonial species. For temperate-breeding penguins, inland colony edges should be less desirable than other edges, as there are added costs of walking farther inland, and ambient temperatures are higher. During settlement and incubation, we compared body condition and baseline and stress-induced levels of the hormone corticosterone in male Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) nesting on the sea edge of a colony with those nesting on the inland edge, >800 m from shore. Body condition in both groups was significantly lower during settlement than during incubation, but was similar in both groups within breeding stages. Corticosterone levels were similar between breeding stages and for groups within each breeding stage. While body condition can vary over time, penguins appear to be well buffered to physiological extremes, as they do not show modification of corticosterone levels with variations in nesting conditions. Condiciones Fisiológicas en el Pingüino Spheniscus magellanicus: ¿Tiene Importancia Caminar una Larga Distancia al Nido? Resumen. En especies coloniales, los bordes de la colonia son generalmente considerados como lugares menos ventajosos para el establecimiento de nidos. Para los pingüinos que crían en climas templados, los bordes de las colonias orientados tierra adentro deben ser menos deseables que otros bordes, ya que se suman los costos adicionales de caminar una distancia mayor desde la orilla y debido a que las temperaturas ambientes allí son más elevadas. Durante el establecimiento y la incubación, comparamos las condiciones corporales y los niveles de referencia e inducidos por estrés de la hormona corticosterona en los machos de Spheniscus magellanicus que anidaban en el borde de la colonia adyacente al mar con los que anidaban sobre el borde que mira hacia el interior, a más de 800 m desde la orilla. La condición corporal en los dos grupos fue significantemente menor durante el establecimiento que durante la incubación, pero fue similar en los dos grupos durante las etapas de crianza. Los niveles de corticosterona fueron similares para ambas etapas de crianza y para los dos grupos durante cada etapa de crianza. Aunque la condición corporal puede variar en el tiempo, los pingüinos parecen amortiguar bien los extremos fisiológicos, ya que no muestran modificación de los niveles de corticosterona con las variaciones en las condiciones de nidificación.

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 1471-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G Walker ◽  
P Dee Boersma

Geographic and temporal variability in the marine environment affects seabirds' ability to find food. Similarly, an individual's body size or condition may influence their ability to capture prey. We examined the diving behavior of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Punta Tombo, Argentina, as an indicator of variation in foraging ability. We studied how body size affected diving capability and how diving varies among years and within breeding seasons. We also compared diving patterns of Magellanic penguins at Punta Tombo with those of birds in two colonies at the opposite end of the species' breeding range. Larger penguins tended to dive deeper and for longer than smaller birds. Trips were longer during incubation and in the years and colonies with lower reproductive success, which suggests that in those instances birds were working hard to recover body condition and feed chicks. Average dive depths, average dive durations, and percentages of time spent diving were always similar. We found that the only parameter these penguins consistently modified while foraging was the length of their foraging trip, which suggests that penguins at Punta Tombo were diving at maximum rates to find their preferred prey. Increasing trip length, we suggest, is a physiologically conservative solution for increasing the likelihood of encountering prey.


2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moreno ◽  
P. Yorio ◽  
P. Garcia-Borboroglu ◽  
J. Potti ◽  
S. Villar

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496
Author(s):  
M.S. Vanhoni ◽  
G.M. Arná ◽  
L.K. Sprenger ◽  
D.L. Vieira ◽  
L.W. Luis ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal parasitism is the main health problem faced by Spheniscus magellanicus, known as Magellanic penguins, in route on the Brazilian coast. The aim of this research was to report the occurrence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in S. magellanicus that reached Pontal do Sul, Paraná, South of Brazil. The study was performed at the Marine Study Center of the Federal University of Parana (CEM-UFPR) with 38 specimens, 31 were necropsied and seven were examined alive with coproparasitological exams. From the necropsied animals, 93.5% (29/31) were parasitized with at least one parasite species. Contracaecum pelagicum was the most prevalent 93,5% (29/31) parasite, followed by Cardiocephaloides physalis (64.5%) and Tetrabothrius lutzi (51.6%). Only one animal was free of parasites and the most infected bird had 1.076 parasites with an average of 194 worms. Willis-Mollay method revealed that 57.1% (4/7) had C. pelagicum eggs. In conclusion, the high rate of gastrointestinal parasites in S. magellanicus confirms the clinical exams, when animals had poor health conditions when they were found in the cost of Paraná. This study provides data to enrich the literature regarding the helminth fauna of the Magellanic penguins, assisting sanitary control programs in Rehabilitation Centers for Marine Animals.


1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Fix ◽  
Cheryl Waterhouse ◽  
Ellis C. Greiner ◽  
Michael K. Stoskopf

Behaviour ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H. Denenberg ◽  
M.X. Zarrow ◽  
Rhoda E. Taylor

AbstractA technique has been developed to quantify nest building in rats. Small wooden dowels are provided as nest material. Rats shred the dowels, and the degree of nest building is determined by the amount shredded daily. Pregnant females show a marked increase in dowel shredding at or just prior to the time of parturition; shredding falls precipitously after parturition. Males and nonpregnant females show no such pattern over an equivalent period of time; their dowel shredding, in fact, decreases over time. A series of experiments were carried out involving hormone manipulations of pregnant and nonpregnant females. The only significant finding was that progesterone reduced the percentage of females which shredded dowels and also delayed the time of onset of this behavior. When nonpregnant females and males were exposed to cool ambient temperatures, dowel shredding increased markedly. On the other hand, exposing females to a warm temperature blocked dowel shredding behavior. Some similarities and differences between these findings and findings for the rabbit and mouse are discussed.


Aging ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Cerchiara ◽  
Rosa Ana Risques ◽  
Donna Prunkard ◽  
Jeffrey R. Smith ◽  
Olivia J. Kane ◽  
...  

The Condor ◽  
10.1650/7495 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian G. Walker ◽  
P. Dee Boersma ◽  
John C. Wingfield

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Pinto Marques ◽  
Luis Gustavo Cardoso ◽  
Manuel Haimovici ◽  
Leandro Bugoni

Waterbirds ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Gómez-Laich ◽  
Ken Yoda ◽  
Flavio Quintana

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