scholarly journals INVESTIGATING FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM BALANGU SEED (LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA) GUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Sardarodiyan ◽  
Akram Arianfar ◽  
Ali Mohamadi San ◽  
Sara Naji-Tabasi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

In this study, the influence of molecular weight (MW) was measured on functional characteristics of Balangu seed (Lallemantia royleana) gum (BSG) fractions. Firstly, BSG fractionated by precipitation method using ethanol basis on MW. Two fractions called precipitate (PER) Balangu and supernatant (SUPER) Balangu were obtained as the highest and lowest MW fractions, respectively. Then the physicochemical properties (uronic acid, protein and molecular weight) were investigated for BSG and fractions. Moreover, the rheological characteristics of BSG and fractions emulsions were determined. The results showed, the value of MW for Balangu, PER-Balangu and SUPER-BSG were 3120 kDa, 6130 kDa and 2050 kDa, respectively. All the emulsions established shear-thinning behavior (1%, w/w). SUPER- Balangu was obtained lower storage moduli (G') and loss moduli (G''), which showed as the best uniform emulsion. The present of high uronic acid content (20.35%) and protein content (10.8%) of SUPER-Balangu led its increase emulsifying activity. PER-Balangu emulsion contains more poly-dispersed oil droplets with larger size which may be due to low protein content (6.03%). According to the results the most uniform emulsion related to SUPER-Balangu which can be a replacement for some of the plant hydrocolloids used in food products.

scholarly journals Procedures for Breadmaking Quality Assessment of Rye Wholemeal Flour

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Sylwia Stępniewska ◽  
Waleed H. Hassoon ◽  
Anna Szafrańska ◽  
Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak ◽  
Dariusz Dziki
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rye Bread ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Rye Flour ◽  
Flour Properties ◽  
Lower Protein

The aim of this study was to evaluate the baking value of rye flours from industrial mills and to indicate which rye flour quality parameters are the most important predictors of wholemeal rye bread quality for commercially milled rye grains. Ten wholemeal rye flours, which were characterized by ash content ranging from 1.43% to 2.42% d.m. (dry mass), were used for the study. The parameters that characterize the flour properties and the baking test were assessed. The study revealed that for the analyzed commercial rye flours, the falling number test and the amylograph properties are insufficient parameters for predicting the quality of wholemeal rye bread. The manufacture of good quality wholemeal bread requires the use of rye flour with superior quality, such as fine granulation, low protein content, low total and insoluble pentosans content, and, in particular, a high percentage of water-soluble pentosans content. Breads with a higher volume were obtained from rye flours that were generally characterized by lower protein content, lower total and insoluble pentosans content, and higher water-soluble pentosans content. Flour granulation and the percentage of water-soluble pentosans content especially, had a significant impact on bread’s hardness of crumb and the hardness of crumb’s increase during bread storage.

scholarly journals A Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fruit Bodies ofBulgaria inquinans(Fries) and Its Anti-Malarial Activity

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Bi ◽  
Han Han ◽  
Zonghong Li ◽  
Weihua Ni ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Polydispersity Index ◽  
Immune Competence ◽  
Suppressive Activity ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Immunological Tests ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

A water-soluble polysaccharide (BIWS-4b) was purified from the fruit bodies ofBulgaria inquinans(Fries). It is composed of mannose (27.2%), glucose (15.5%) and galactose (57.3%). Its molecular weight was estimated to be 7.4 kDa (polydispersity index, Mw/Mn: 1.35). Structural analyses indicated that BIWS-4b mainly contains (1→6)-linked, (1→5)-linked and (1→5,6)-linkedβ-Galfunits; (1→4)-linked and non-reducing terminalβ-Glcpunits; and (1→2)-linked, (1→6)-linked, (1→2,6)-linked and non-reducing terminalα-Manpunits. When examined by the 4-day method and in a prophylactic assay in mice, BIWS-4b exhibited markedly suppressive activity against malaria while enhancing the activity of artesunate. Immunological tests indicated that BIWS-4b significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and splenic lymphocyte proliferation in malaria-bearing mice and normal mice. The anti-malarial activity of BIWS-4b might be intermediated by enhancing immune competence and restoring artesunate-suppressed immune function. Thus, BIWS-4b is a potential adjuvant of anti-malaria drugs.

A Potent Insect Chitinase Inhibitor of Fungal Origin

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhiko Nitoda ◽  
Hirokazu Usuki ◽  
Hiroshi Kanzaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anion Exchange ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Fungal Strain ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gel Filtration Chromatography ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

Abstract A water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from the culture filtrate of a fungal strain, Sphaeropsis sp. TNPT116-Cz, as a novel insect chitinase inhibitor. It was purified to chromatographic homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 16 kDa by gel filtration HPLC. Monosaccharide analysis showed that it contained glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and a deoxysugar. This polysaccharide showed potent and specific inhibitory activity against Spodoptera litura chitinase with an IC50 value of 28 nᴍ.

Low Molecular Weight Branched Polyethylenimine-Graft-Lentinan as a Novel Synthetic Gene Carrier

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
Li Jing Min ◽  
Jing Fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Gene Transfection ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Dna Migration ◽  
Branched Polyethylenimine ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

LMW Branched Polyethylenimine-graft-lentinan was synthesized by performing crosslinker CDI in the presence of water-soluble Polysaccharide (Mw 70,000) and polyethylenimine (PEI, Mw 600). The chemistry of the PEI-g-lentinan obtained were characterized. The results indicated that the amines of lentinan were grafted with PEI. Gel electrophoresis showed that DNA migration was retarded completely at a N/P ratio of 10/1, indicating good DNA condensation capability of PEI-g-lentinan. The cytotoxicity of PEI-g-lentinan was evaluated, and the results reflected that PEI-g-lentinan had a lower cytotoxicity than PEI (25 K). Gene transfection efficiency of PEI-g-chitosan in cos-7 cells was determined. Remarkably,PEI-g-lentinan showed a higher transfection efficiency than that of PEI (25 K) in vitro.

scholarly journals Low Dispersity and High Conductivity Poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) Membranes Obtained by Inexpensive Free Radical Polymerization of Sodium 4-styrenesulfonate

Membranes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Victor Sepulveda ◽  
Ligia Sierra ◽  
Betty López
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Free Radical Polymerization ◽  
Proton Exchange Membranes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Polymeric Membranes ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Acid Form

Controlled polymerizations are often used to synthesize polymers with low dispersity, which involves expensive initiators, constrained atmospheres, and multi-step purifying processes, especially with water soluble monomers. These drawbacks make the synthesis very expensive and of little industrial value. In this report, an inexpensive free radical polymerization of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate, using benzoyl peroxide as initiator in water/N,N-dimethylformamide solutions, is presented. After polymerization, an easy fiber precipitation method is implemented to extract and purify the polymer, obtaining conversions up to 99%, recoveries up to 98%, and molecular weight dispersities in the range of 1.15–1.85, where the pseudo-controlled behavior is attributed to a thermodynamic limiting molecular weight solubility. Three different methods were used to bring the polymer to its acid form, obtaining Ion Exchange Capacities as high as 4.8 meq/g. Finally, polymeric membranes were prepared and reached conductivities up to 164 mS/cm, which makes them good candidates as proton exchange membranes in fuel cells.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of galactan by a particulate enzyme preparation from Phaseolus aureus seedlings

1968 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. McNab ◽  
Clarence L. Villemez ◽  
Peter Albersheim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Phaseolus Aureus ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

A particulate cell-free enzyme system was prepared from Phaseolus aureus shoots. This preparation was able to incorporate [14C]galactose from UDP-[14C]galactose into a water-soluble polysaccharide, which has a probable molecular weight of at least 4600. The only labelled component detectable in the polymer was shown to be [14C]galactose; two labelled oligosaccharides containing only [14C]galactose were isolated by partial hydrolysis. The galactan-synthesizing activity of this particulate preparation is maximal at 30° and pH7·1 in the presence of 5·0mm-magnesium chloride and 0·2m-sucrose. Although 3-day-old seedlings were used as a source of enzyme, it appears that 4- or 5-day-old beans contain greater synthetase activity. The enzyme system has an apparent Michaelis constant of 5·8×10−6m, and will catalyse the polymerization of galactose residues at the rate of 7·5mμmoles/mg. of protein/min. at a substrate concentration of 9·6mm.

scholarly journals Efficient Production of Scleroglucan by Sclerotium rolfsii and Insights Into Molecular Weight Modification by High-Pressure Homogenization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhu Zeng ◽  
Junyi Wang ◽  
Xiaoyu Shan ◽  
Shiqin Yu ◽  
Jingwen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Soluble Polysaccharide

Scleroglucan is a non-ionic water-soluble polysaccharide, and has been widely used in the petroleum, food, medicine and cosmetics industries. Currently, scleroglucan is mainly produced by Sclerotium rolfsii. A higher level of scleroglucan (42.0 g/L) was previously obtained with S. rolfsii WSH-G01. However, the production of scleroglucan was reduced despite a higher glucose concentration remaining. Additionally, the molecular weight of scleroglucan was large, thus restricted its application. In this study, by adjusting the state of seeds inoculated, the degradation issue of scleroglucan during the fermentation process was solved. By comparing different fed-batch strategies, 66.6 g/L of scleroglucan was harvested by a two-dose fed-batch mode, with 53.3% glucose conversion ratio. To modify the molecular weight of scleroglucan, a combination method with HCl and high-pressure homogenization treatment was established. Finally, scleroglucan with molecular weight of 4.61 × 105 Da was obtained. The developed approaches provide references for the biosynthesis and molecular weight modification of polysaccharides.

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