scholarly journals The burden of perioperative hypertension/hypotension: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Lizano-Diez ◽  
M Cerezales ◽  
S Poteet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Ferrer Background Hypertension/hypotension in the perioperative setting may result in a high economic burden for healthcare systems and patients affected in terms of clinical outcomes. Although previous systematic reviews have shown IV antihypertensive treatments to be highly effective, there is currently a clear gap in the literature regarding a review on the implications of acute hypotensive/hypertensive episodes. Purpose Our goal is to review the outcomes of acute hypertensive/hypotensive episodes from articles published in the past 10 years that assessed the short- and long-term impact of acute hypertensive/hypotensive episodes in the perioperative setting. Methods We conducted a systematic peer-review based upon PROSPERO and Cochrane Handbook protocols. The following study characteristics were collected: study type, author, year, population, sample size, definition of acute hypertension, hypotension or other measures, and outcomes (probabilities, odds ratio, hazard ratio, and relative risk) and the p-values. Quality of the studies was graded with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Results A total of 4,197 articles were identified and 47 articles satisfied criteria for data extraction. We present evidence on outcomes associated with acute hypertension/hypotension distinguishing cardiac from non-cardiac surgeries. For the perioperative setting, the number of articles varies by outcome: 17 mortality, 11 renal outcomes, 3 stroke, 6 delirium, and 21 others. Hypotension was reported to be associated with mortality (OR 1.02-20.826) as well as changes from blood pressure patient’s baseline (OR 1.02-1.36); hypotension had also a role in the development of acute kidney injury (OR 1.03-14.11). Postsurgical delirium was found in relation with lability (OR 1.018-1.038) and intra- and postsurgical hypotension (OR 1.05-1.22), and hypertension (OR 1.44-2.34). However, no statistically significant result was found for the relation between hypotension and stroke, and no study investigating hypertension influence over stroke was found. There was a wide range of additional diverse outcomes related to hypo-, hypertension and blood pressure liability, for example myocardial damage related to a 50% decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR 4.4), increased odds 9.6 for new onset of atrial fibrillation associated with intraoperative SBP below 80 mmHg for 15 min or more; myocardial injury, length of stay in hospital, hematoma, or anastomotic leakage were also found to be related to hypertension. Conclusions The perioperative management of blood pressure influences short- and long-term effects of surgical procedures. These findings support the burden of blood pressure fluctuations in this setting. It sounds pertinent to further investigate the role of newer antihypertensive agents with favourable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties to guarantee the fine-tuning of blood pressure and an individualised therapy for patients.

Students with Parents Involved in Substance Abuse or Dependence

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Celeste M. Malone ◽  
Tierra T. Ellis ◽  
DeLon Isom
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Parental Substance Use ◽  
The Individual

Substance use affects more than the individual user; all those who have relationships with the person using are impacted and suffer the consequences of substance use. Parental substance use places children at risk for a wide range of adverse physical, psychological, social-emotional, and behavioral outcomes at all stages of the developmental continuum. However, schools can help mitigate those adverse outcomes by providing children with access to social support and helping them to develop coping skills. This chapter provides an overview of the short- and long-term effects of parental substance use and its impact on youth functioning and provides educators with strategies and resources to support these students and meet their needs.

scholarly journals Short and Long term effects of Overeating (Atimatrashan) on health and well-being: A Conceptual Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Unnati A. Chavan ◽  
◽  
Narayan R. Sabu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Food Consumed ◽  
The Ideal

Overeating is the excess food consumed in relation to the energy that an organism expends. Out of various eating disorders overeating from supersize meal portions is termed as Atimatrashan in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda great emphasis has been given on the ideal quantity i.e., ‘matra’ of Aahara which is customized according to individual appetite. While occasional overeating predisposes to various disorders manifested through impaired digestive function, Habitual overeating eventually leads to obesity. Obesity being a state of chronic inflammation predisposes to wide range of diseases including Metabolic syndrome and Cancer. In this context, this paper discusses the Ayurvedic concept of Tridosha Prakop (vitiation of all the three Doshas) with the resulting ailments and Aamvish which is said to be formed as a result of habitual overeating and is thought to be Vishsadrushya (highly toxic) and param asaadhyam (incurable).

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of a maternal low-protein diet on ventilation, O2/CO2chemoreception and arterial blood pressure in male rat offspring

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luiz de Brito Alves ◽  
Viviane Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Gerliny Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
Glauber Santos Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Almir Gonçalves Wanderley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Short And Long Term

Maternal undernutrition increases the risk of adult arterial hypertension. The present study investigated the short- and long-term effects of a maternal low-protein diet on respiratory rhythm, O2/CO2chemosensitivity and arterial blood pressure (ABP) of the offspring. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mothers' diets during gestation and lactation: control (NP, 17 % of casein) and low-protein (LP, 8 % of casein) groups. Direct measurements of ABP, respiratory frequency (RF), tidal volume (VT) and ventilation (VE), as well as hypercapnia (7 % CO2) and hypoxia (7 % O2) evoked respiratory responses were recorded from the awake male offspring at the 30th and 90th days of life. Blood samples were collected for the analyses of protein, creatinine and urea concentrations. The LP offspring had impaired body weight and length throughout the experiment. At 30 d of age, the LP rats showed a reduction in the concentrations of total serum protein (approximately 24 %). ABP in the LP rats was similar to that in the NP rats at 30 d of age, but it was 20 % higher at 90 d of age. With respect to ventilatory parameters, the LP rats showed enhanced RF (approximately 34 %) and VE (approximately 34 %) at 30 d of age, which was associated with increased ventilatory responses to hypercapnia (approximately 21 % in VE) and hypoxia (approximately 82 % in VE). At 90 d of age, the VE values and CO2/O2chemosensitivity of the LP rats were restored to the control range, but the RF values remained elevated. The present data show that a perinatal LP diet alters respiratory rhythm and O2/CO2chemosensitivity at early ages, which may be a predisposing factor for increased ABP at adulthood.

Short‐ and long‐term effects of maternal dyslipidaemia on blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity in male rat offspring

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Veríssimo de Araújo ◽  
Lucas Alves Carneiro dos Santos ◽  
Guilherme Fleury Fina Speretta ◽  
Georgianna de Araújo Henriques Ferreira ◽  
Micaelle Oliveira de Luna Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Short And Long Term

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

Long-term Effects of Triazol Growth Regulators on Stem Elongation of Rhododendron and Kalmia

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 436E-436
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Response Coefficient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Second Year

The persistence of effects of paclobutrazol or uniconazol on stem elongation was determined for several years after large-leaf Rhododendron and Kalmia latifolia were treated with a single-spray application of these triazol growth-regulator chemicals. Potted plants were treated in the second year from propagation, and transplanted into the field in the following spring. The elongation of stems was measured in the year of application and in the following 2 to 4 years. Treatments with a wide range of doses were applied in 1991, 1992, or 1995. For all except the most-dilute applications, stem elongation was retarded in the year following application. At the highest doses, stem growth was inhibited 2 years following application. The results could be explained by a model of growth regulator action that assumed stem elongation was inversely related to amount of growth regulator applied. The dose response coefficient for paclobutrazol was less than that for uniconazol. The dose that inhibited stem elongation one-half as much as a saturating dose was about 0.5 and 0.05 mg/plant, for paclobutrazol and uniconazol, respectively. The dose response coefficient decreased exponentially with time after application, with an exponential time constant of about 2/year. The model predicted a dose of growth regulator that inhibited 0.9 of stem elongation immediately after application would continue to inhibit 0.5 of stem elongation in the following year.

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