Students with Parents Involved in Substance Abuse or Dependence

2020 ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
Celeste M. Malone ◽  
Tierra T. Ellis ◽  
DeLon Isom
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Parental Substance Use ◽  
The Individual

Substance use affects more than the individual user; all those who have relationships with the person using are impacted and suffer the consequences of substance use. Parental substance use places children at risk for a wide range of adverse physical, psychological, social-emotional, and behavioral outcomes at all stages of the developmental continuum. However, schools can help mitigate those adverse outcomes by providing children with access to social support and helping them to develop coping skills. This chapter provides an overview of the short- and long-term effects of parental substance use and its impact on youth functioning and provides educators with strategies and resources to support these students and meet their needs.

scholarly journals Nutrition in pregnancy: Basic principles and recommendations

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Draga Plecas ◽  
Snezana Plesinac ◽  
Olivera Kontic-Vucinic
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Healthy diet in pregnancy should guarantee proper fetal growth and development, maintain (and promote) maternal health and enable lactation. Nutritional counseling and interventions need to be an integral part of antenatal care and continue during pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of maternal, fetal and neonatal complications, as well as the short- and long-term adverse outcomes. Adverse pregnancy outcomes are more common in women who begin the gestation as undernourished or obese in comparison to pregnant women whose weight is within normal ranges. Increased nutritional and energy needs in pregnancy are met through numerous metabolic adaptations; pregnancy is successfully achieved within wide range of variations in energy supply and weight gain. However, if nutrient restriction exceeds the limits of adaptive responses, evidence indicates that fetus will develop the alternative metabolic competence that might emerge as a disease (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke) in adult life.

scholarly journals Short- and long-term effects of developmental corticosterone exposure on avian physiology, behavioral phenotype, cognition, and fitness: A review

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan J. Schoech ◽  
Michelle A. Rensel ◽  
Rebecca S. Heiss
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Nervous System Function ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Developmental Conditions ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract A growing body of evidence from across taxa suggests that exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids during early development can have long-term effects upon physiological and behavioral phenotypes. Additionally, there is some, though limited, evidence that similar early exposure can also negatively impact cognitive ability. Following pioneering mammalian studies, several avian studies have revealed that the responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis as an adult can be explained by levels of corticosterone, the avian glucocorticoid, the individual experienced as a nestling or even as an embryo via yolk exposure. Studies also suggest that perinatal exposure to corticosterone can have effects upon avian ‘personalities’ or coping styles, and findings from mammalian studies suggest that these long-term effects are mediated epigenetically via altered expression of relevant DNA sequences. Although a consistent pattern across-species has yet to emerge, recent work in Florida scrub-jays Aphelocoma coerulescens found that baseline corticosterone levels in 11-day-old nestlings explained 84% of the variation in ‘personality’ (bold vs. timid) when those individuals were tested approximately seven months later. Nestlings with elevated corticosterone levels were more timid than those individuals that as nestlings experienced relatively low corticosterone levels. Some researchers have suggested that parents might use such mechanisms to ‘program’ their offsprings’ phenotype to best fit prevailing environmental conditions. This review will visit what is known about the links between stressful developmental conditions that result in exposure to elevated corticosterone and the short- and long-term effects of this steroid hormone upon central nervous system function and whether alterations thereof are beneficial, deleterious, or neutral. It will concentrate on examples from birds, although critical supporting studies from the mammalian literature will be included as appropriate.

scholarly journals Short and Long term effects of Overeating (Atimatrashan) on health and well-being: A Conceptual Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Unnati A. Chavan ◽  
◽  
Narayan R. Sabu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Food Consumed ◽  
The Ideal

Overeating is the excess food consumed in relation to the energy that an organism expends. Out of various eating disorders overeating from supersize meal portions is termed as Atimatrashan in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda great emphasis has been given on the ideal quantity i.e., ‘matra’ of Aahara which is customized according to individual appetite. While occasional overeating predisposes to various disorders manifested through impaired digestive function, Habitual overeating eventually leads to obesity. Obesity being a state of chronic inflammation predisposes to wide range of diseases including Metabolic syndrome and Cancer. In this context, this paper discusses the Ayurvedic concept of Tridosha Prakop (vitiation of all the three Doshas) with the resulting ailments and Aamvish which is said to be formed as a result of habitual overeating and is thought to be Vishsadrushya (highly toxic) and param asaadhyam (incurable).

scholarly journals The burden of perioperative hypertension/hypotension: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Lizano-Diez ◽  
M Cerezales ◽  
S Poteet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Antihypertensive Agents ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Acute Hypertension ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Ferrer Background Hypertension/hypotension in the perioperative setting may result in a high economic burden for healthcare systems and patients affected in terms of clinical outcomes. Although previous systematic reviews have shown IV antihypertensive treatments to be highly effective, there is currently a clear gap in the literature regarding a review on the implications of acute hypotensive/hypertensive episodes. Purpose Our goal is to review the outcomes of acute hypertensive/hypotensive episodes from articles published in the past 10 years that assessed the short- and long-term impact of acute hypertensive/hypotensive episodes in the perioperative setting. Methods We conducted a systematic peer-review based upon PROSPERO and Cochrane Handbook protocols. The following study characteristics were collected: study type, author, year, population, sample size, definition of acute hypertension, hypotension or other measures, and outcomes (probabilities, odds ratio, hazard ratio, and relative risk) and the p-values. Quality of the studies was graded with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Results A total of 4,197 articles were identified and 47 articles satisfied criteria for data extraction. We present evidence on outcomes associated with acute hypertension/hypotension distinguishing cardiac from non-cardiac surgeries. For the perioperative setting, the number of articles varies by outcome: 17 mortality, 11 renal outcomes, 3 stroke, 6 delirium, and 21 others. Hypotension was reported to be associated with mortality (OR 1.02-20.826) as well as changes from blood pressure patient’s baseline (OR 1.02-1.36); hypotension had also a role in the development of acute kidney injury (OR 1.03-14.11). Postsurgical delirium was found in relation with lability (OR 1.018-1.038) and intra- and postsurgical hypotension (OR 1.05-1.22), and hypertension (OR 1.44-2.34). However, no statistically significant result was found for the relation between hypotension and stroke, and no study investigating hypertension influence over stroke was found. There was a wide range of additional diverse outcomes related to hypo-, hypertension and blood pressure liability, for example myocardial damage related to a 50% decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR 4.4), increased odds 9.6 for new onset of atrial fibrillation associated with intraoperative SBP below 80 mmHg for 15 min or more; myocardial injury, length of stay in hospital, hematoma, or anastomotic leakage were also found to be related to hypertension. Conclusions The perioperative management of blood pressure influences short- and long-term effects of surgical procedures. These findings support the burden of blood pressure fluctuations in this setting. It sounds pertinent to further investigate the role of newer antihypertensive agents with favourable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties to guarantee the fine-tuning of blood pressure and an individualised therapy for patients.

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

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